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1.
Bol. Asoc. Méd. P. R ; 92(4/8): 83-88, Apr.-Aug. 2000.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-411268

ABSTRACT

In most hospitals in Puerto Rico the dying process of terminally ill patients is inappropriately prolonged. And this occurs often without the patient's consent and in violation of basic ethical principles. Three erroneous beliefs are prevalent: 1--That withdrawing life support therapy is morally or legally different from not starting it. 2--That there is a moral and legal difference between appropriate acts and appropriate omissions. 3--That good medical practice is determined by the courts instead of the medical profession. Institutional policies are not in harmony with contemporary medical ethics. To avoid possible legal entanglements medical institutions permit their faculties to prolong the suffering of patients in violation of two basic moral principles: nonmaleficence and respect for autonomy. An illustrative case provides a philosopher and a moral theologian the opportunity to analyze the applicable moral principles. A professor of jurisprudence reviews statutes evolved at the State and Federal level that support the rights of patients and their families to refuse unwanted treatments. Medical faculties must ensure that institutional policies do not violate their professional ethics. The medical profession and the citizenry at large should lobby for the passage of statutes in Puerto Rico which clearly validate the necessary harmony between medical ethics and the law


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Ethics, Medical , Morals , Resuscitation Orders , Third-Party Consent , Third-Party Consent/legislation & jurisprudence , Medical Futility , Resuscitation Orders/legislation & jurisprudence , Puerto Rico , Religion and Medicine
2.
Infectol. microbiol. clin ; 5(4): 78-84, oct. 1993. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-151468

ABSTRACT

En la República Argentina, Buenos Aires (INM), detectamos la primer cepa productora de ß-lactamasa en 1980, incrementándose la prevalencia de estas cepas resistentes de 1,9 por ciento (1980-1984) a 30 por ciento (1984-1988) y a 37 por ciento (1989-1991). El objetivo de este trabajo es la caracterización de los plásmidos responsables de esta resistencia, en un estudio retrospectivo que abarca de 1985 a 1991. Se estudiaron 28 cepas de Neisseria gonorrhoeae productoras de penicilinasa (PPNG), enviadas para su estudio o aisladas en nuestro Servicio de exudados genitales. El 100 por ciento de las cepas presentó el plásmido críptico de 2,6 MDal. El plásmido de 3,2 MDal se encontró en 13 cepas (46,4 por ciento) y en el 92,3 por ciento de ellas acompañado por el de 24,4 MDal. En 15 cepas (53,60 por ciento) se detectó la presencia del plásmido de 4,4 MDal, sólo en 9 de ellas (60 por ciento) junto con el plásmido conjugativo. Este es el primer informe sobre la presencia del plásmido de 3,2 MDal (africano) en las cepas PPNG aisladas en la Argentina. Nuestro primer hallazgo de este plásmido data de 1988


Subject(s)
Drug Resistance, Microbial/physiology , Neisseria gonorrhoeae/drug effects , Plasmids/classification , Culture Media , Culture Media/chemistry , Drug Resistance, Microbial/genetics , Drug Resistance, Microbial/physiology , Gonorrhea/microbiology , Penicillinase/biosynthesis , Plasmids/isolation & purification , Plasmids/genetics
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