Recomendaciones sobre la utilización de las fórmulas infantiles con proteína aislada de soya en la alimentación del lactante. Documento de posición basado en la evidencia / Recommendations on the use of infant formulas with isolated soy protein in infant feeding. Evidence-Based Position Paper

Antecedentes: Las fórmulas a base de proteína de soya (FBPS) se han utilizado desde hace tiempo como una alternativa para lactantes con requerimientos nutricionales especiales. Sin embargo, las indicaciones médicas para su uso, su alergenicidad, seguridad y eficacia aún son controvertidas. Objetivo: Presentar recomendaciones del uso de FBPS basadas en la literatura existente. Métodos: Se realizó la consulta de revisiones sistemáticas y guías de práctica clínica, por medio de algoritmos de búsqueda validados, y sistemas como AGREE (Appraisal of Guidelines for REsearch and Evaluation) II y PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). Para la elaboración de las recomendaciones clínicas se analizaron y discutieron los tópicos de mayor importancia, por parte de los investigadores responsables y el grupo de expertos del desarrollo de un documento de posición. Se evaluó la calidad de la evidencia utilizando el sistema GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation). Resultados: Se encontraron distintos reportes con calidad de evidencia variable que sustentan la eficacia de las FBPS en el manejo de la alergia a la proteína de la leche de vaca y en la tolerancia digestiva del lactante, así como su baja alergia cruzada en comparación a la leche de vaca y otras fórmulas. También se encontraron otros estudios que indican la seguridad de las FBPS sobre distintos parámetros nutricionales, inmunitarios y de desarrollo. Existe además evidencia que demuestra que las FBPS tienen ventajas importantes en cuestión de costo-beneficio, palatabilidad y efectos sobre la microbiota intestinal, en comparación con otras fórmulas. Conclusiones: Aunque existe evidencia limitada para recomendar su utilización en los trastornos digestivos funcionales, las FBPS tienen un perfil de seguridad adecuado y continúan siendo una opción válida para la alimentación del lactante.

Abstract Background: Soy infant formulas (SIF) have long been used as an alternative for infants with special nutritional requirements. However, the medical indications for their use, their allergenicity, safety and efficacy are still controversial. Objective: To present recommendations for the use of SIF based on the existing literature. Methods: We consulted systematic reviews and clinical practice guides, through validated search algorithms, and systems such as Appraisal of Guidelines for REsearch and Evaluation (AGREE)II and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). For the elaboration of the clinical recommendations, the most important topics were analyzed and discussed by the responsible researchers and the group of experts in the development of a position paper. The quality of the evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Results: Several reports with variable quality of evidence were found. They support SIF’s efficacy in the management of cow’s milk allergy and infant’s digestive tolerance, as well as its low cross allergy compared to cow’s milk and other formulas. We also found other studies that indicate the safety of SIFs on different nutritional, immune and developmental parameters. There is also evidence that demonstrates that SIFs have important advantages in terms of cost-benefit, palatability and effects on the intestinal microbiota, compared to other formulas. Conclusions: Although evidence to recommend its use in functional digestive disorders is limited, SIFs have an adequate safety profile and are still a valid option for infant feeding.

Short bowel syndrome in patients studied at the National Institute of Pediatrics in mexico. Care, cost and perspectives

Background. Short bowel syndrome (SBS) continues to be one of the most challenging problems in pediatric surgery. Intestinal transplantation (IT) seems to be best form of treatment for this pathology. However, it is thought that the development of an IT programs may be more expensive than the present manner of treatment. Methods. To assess this item, and to identify potential candidates for IT, we reviewed the charts of all the patients with SBS treated at our Institute from 1989 to 1994. Results. Nine patients were identified as carriers of SBS; six with intestinal atresia, two with midgut volvulus and one with post-traumatic mesenteric thrombosis. The small bowel remnants varied from 1 to 80 cm, seven patients had remnants shorter than 30 cm, and the ileocecal valve was resected in three. Results. The overall morbidity and mortality was extremely high; four patients died within the first 3 months postresection and those still alive have had several complications: sepsis; hydroelectrolyte imbalances secondary to loose stools; thrombosis or infection of the catheter; TPN-related cholestasis, and malabsorption syndromes, etc. No patient survived with an intestinal remnant shorter than 15 cm. Of the five survivors, four have a weight/age deficit greater than 40 percent, two have rickets, one still depends on TPN and all, except one, require special enteral diets. Multiple central venous accesses had to be performed in every patient (mean 4.8). They all required multiple readmissions and have spent a considerable part of their lives as inpatients. The mean of the calculated cost per patient was $50,000 USD, while the minimal wage in mexico is $1,616 USD/year (1). conclusions. The shorter the segment of the retained bowel and the longer the survival, the higher the cost. These results may be further improved with the development of IT and, probably, with the same economic burden