ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the incidence of variant hemoglobins of newborn samples from the Neonatal Screening Center in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, and to analyze the distribution and spatial autocorrelation of newborns with sickle cell trait. Methods Samples from 35,858 newborns screened by the Neonatal Screening Center. The samples with inconclusive diagnosis were submitted to electrophoretic, chromatographic, cytological and molecular analyses. The spatial distribution analysis of newborns with sickle cell trait was performed by spatial autocorrelation. Results A total of 919 newborns showed an abnormal hemoglobin profile; in that, ten genotypes had significant clinical impacts identified. Among the asymptomatic newborns, the sickle cell trait was the most frequent (incidence of 1.885 cases/100 newborns). The highest incidence rates were registered in the municipalities of Terenos, Figueirão, Corguinho and Selvíria. There was positive spatial autocorrelation between the proportion of declared individuals of black race/color and the incidence of newborns with sickle cell trait. Conclusion The early diagnosis by neonatal screening and laboratory tests was very important to identify abnormal hemoglobin profiles and guide the spatial autocorrelation analysis of sickle cell trait newborns in Mato Grosso do Sul, serving as a support to anticipate health measures aimed to discuss efficient therapeutic behaviors and effective planning of municipalities with the greatest need for care, monitoring and orientations for affected families.
ABSTRACT
O envelhecimento populacional vem aumentando nos últimos anos e, associado a isso, tem-se o aumento das doenças crônicas, dependência e os maus-tratos aos idosos. O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar quais as causas de maus-tratos em idosos, onde ocorrem e quais as pessoas responsáveis por esses maus-tratos e a atuação dos profissionais em relação a isso. Trata-se de estudo qualitativo e de revisão de literatura baseada em publicações nacionais e internacionais publicadas num recorte temporal de 13 (treze) anos. Os dados apontam que, as vítimas que mais sofrem com maus-tratos/ violência são as mulheres, a violência física é a mais relatada, seguida da violência psicológica, a pessoa que mais pratica os tipos de maus-tratos/violência contra o idoso são os fi lhos seguidos pelos demais membros da família, o local onde mais ocorrem os abusos é no domicílio e os profissionais de saúde precisam de qualificação para identificar maus-tratos/violência no idoso. Conclui-se que a avaliação dos riscos relacionados aos maus-tratos contra os idosos é imprescindível, pois através dessa avaliação a assistência adequada poderá ser prestada.
Population aging has increased in recent years and associated with this, there is the increase in chronic diseases, addiction and mistreatment of the elderly. The objective of this study was to identify the causes of ill-treatment in the elderly, where they occur and what the people responsible for this abuse and the work of professionals in this regard. This is a qualitative study and literature review based on national and international publications published in a time frame of thirteen (13) years. The data indicate that the victims who suffer most from abuse / violence are women, physical violence is the most reported, followed by psychological violence, the person who most practical types of abuse / violence against the elderly are the children followed by other family members, where most abuses occur is in the home and health professionals need skills to identify abuse / violence in the elderly. It is concluded that the risk assessment related to mistreatment of the elderly is essential, because through this assessment appropriate assistance can be provided.