The Molecular Mechanism of LncRNA HOTAIR Regulating the Proliferation, Invasion and Migration of Lymphoma Cells through Target Gene miR-20a-5p / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of lncRNA HOTAIR on the proliferation, invasion and migration of lymphoma cells through target gene miR-20a-5p and its molecular mechanism.@*METHODS@#After synthesizing HOTAIR siRNA and siRNA NC plasmids, they were transfected into lymphoma Raji cells, respectively. The expression of HOTAIR mRNA was detected by RT-qPCR. The proliferation, invasion and migration of lymphoma Raji cells were detected by CCK-8 assay, Transwell assay and cell scratch healing assay, respectively. The target gene of lncRNA HOTAIR was predicted by miRcode software, and the relationship between HOTAIR and target gene was analyzed by dual luciferase assay. After synthesis of miR-20a-5p inhibitor and inhibitor NC, Raji cells were transiently transfected. The expression of miR-20a-5p was detected by RT-qPCR, and the effects of down-regulation of miR-20a-5p on the proliferation, invasion and migration of Raji cells were analyzed. The overexpression plasmid of lncRNA HOTAIR and miR-20a-5p mimics were transfected into Raji cells simultaneously to analyze the proliferation, invasion and migration ability of Raji cells. After overexpression or down-regulation of miR-20a-5p, the expression of JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway related proteins was analyzed.@*RESULTS@#HOTAIR expression in Raji cells was decreased after transfection of HOTAIR siRNA (P<0.01), and miR-20a-5p expression was also decreased after transfection of miR-20a-5p inhibitor (P<0.01). HOTAIR had a targeting and negative regulation relationship with miR-20a-5p (r=-0.826). Silencing HOTAIR promoted the expression of miR-20a-5p and inhibited the proliferation, invasion and migration of Raji cells. Down-regulation of miR-20a-5p expression promoted the proliferation, invasion and migration of Raji cells. Effect of HOTAIR overexpression on the proliferation, invasion and migration of Raji cells could be reversed by up-regulation of miR-20a-5p. Down-regulation of miR-20a-5p expression activated the intracellular JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway.@*CONCLUSION@#HOTAIR affects the proliferation, invasion and migration of lymphoma cells by targeting miR-20a-5p, and its mechanism may be related to the activation of JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway.

In Silico Screening of Potential Spike Glycoprotein Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 with Drug Repurposing Strategy / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To select potential molecules that can target viral spike proteins, which may potentially interrupt the interaction between the human angiotension-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and viral spike protein by virtual screening.@*METHODS@#The three-dimensional (3D)-coordinate file of the receptor-binding domain (RBD)-ACE2 complex for searching a suitable docking pocket was firstly downloaded and prepared. Secondly, approximately 15,000 molecular candidates were prepared, including US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs from DrugBank and natural compounds from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP), for the docking process. Then, virtual screening was performed and the binding energy in Autodock Vina was calculated. Finally, the top 20 molecules with high binding energy and their Chinese medicine (CM) herb sources were listed in this paper.@*RESULTS@#It was found that digitoxin, a cardiac glycoside in DrugBank and bisindigotin in TCMSP had the highest docking scores. Interestingly, two of the CM herbs containing the natural compounds that had relatively high binding scores, Forsythiae fructus and Isatidis radix, are components of Lianhua Qingwen (), a CM formula reportedly exerting activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-Cov-2. Moreover, raltegravir, an HIV integrase inhibitor, was found to have a relatively high binding score.@*CONCLUSIONS@#A class of compounds, which are from FDA-approved drugs and CM natural compounds, that had high binding energy with RBD of the viral spike protein. Our work provides potential candidates for other researchers to identify inhibitors to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection, and highlights the importance of CM and integrative application of CM and Western medicine on treating COVID-19.

Expression Level and Target Gene Prediction of miR-181b in Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the expression level of miR-181b in CD19+ B lymphocytes of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), to analyze the relationship between its expression and the prognosis of CLL patients, and to predict the potential target gene of miR-181b in CLL by using bioinformatics.@*METHODS@#Eight-four patients with CLL treated in People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from June 2013 to June 2018 were selected. and 20 healthy people were selected as control group. RNA was extracted from CD19+B lymphocytes of peripheral blood by magnetic bead sorting, the expression level of miR-181b was detected, and it's expression differences in different IPI groups were analyzed. The correlation between the expression level of miR-181b and PFS of CLL patients also was analyzed. miR-181b target genes were predicted by online database and literatures, and gene annotation analysis and relevant signal pathway analysis were performed for candidate target genes.@*RESULTS@#The expression level of miR-181b in CLL patients was significantly lower than that in control group (P＜0.01); The expression level of miR-181b in the low-risk group was higher than that in high-risk group and extremely high-risk group (P＜0.05), but there was no statistical difference between low-risk group and medium-risk group (P=1.00). The expression level of miR-181b in medium-risk group was higher than that in high-risk group and extremely high-risk group (P＜0.05), but there was no difference between high-risk group and extremely high-risk group (P=1.00). ROC curve results showed that the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.792 (P＜0.01).When the expression level of miR-181b was at the threshold value of 0.279, it showed a better sensitivity (62.9%) and specificity (91.8%). Survival analysis results suggested that compared with the high expression group, the miR-181b low expression group had poor PFS (log rank: P=0.047). Prediction of miR-181b by using the starBase, targetscan and picTar database and its combination with literature reports indicated that CARD11, ZFP36L1, RUNX1, NR4A3, ATP1B1, PUM1 and PLAG1 related with blood diseases, and up-regulated CARD11 and ZFP36L1 participated in lymphoid tumor formation by promoting cell proliferation and inhibiting cell aging.@*CONCLUSION@#The expression level of miR-181b in CLL group are significantly lower than that in the controls group, and the low expression of miR-181b relates with poor prognosis of CLL patients. Through bioinformatics prediction and combined with literature reports, it is speculated that CARD11 and ZFP36L1 as target genes of miR-181b may be participated in the occurrence and development of CLL. Further experiments are needed to verify this result.

In Silico Screening of Potential Spike Glycoprotein Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 with Drug Repurposing Strategy / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To select potential molecules that can target viral spike proteins, which may potentially interrupt the interaction between the human angiotension-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and viral spike protein by virtual screening.@*METHODS@#The three-dimensional (3D)-coordinate file of the receptor-binding domain (RBD)-ACE2 complex for searching a suitable docking pocket was firstly downloaded and prepared. Secondly, approximately 15,000 molecular candidates were prepared, including US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs from DrugBank and natural compounds from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP), for the docking process. Then, virtual screening was performed and the binding energy in Autodock Vina was calculated. Finally, the top 20 molecules with high binding energy and their Chinese medicine (CM) herb sources were listed in this paper.@*RESULTS@#It was found that digitoxin, a cardiac glycoside in DrugBank and bisindigotin in TCMSP had the highest docking scores. Interestingly, two of the CM herbs containing the natural compounds that had relatively high binding scores, Forsythiae fructus and Isatidis radix, are components of Lianhua Qingwen (), a CM formula reportedly exerting activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-Cov-2. Moreover, raltegravir, an HIV integrase inhibitor, was found to have a relatively high binding score.@*CONCLUSIONS@#A class of compounds, which are from FDA-approved drugs and CM natural compounds, that had high binding energy with RBD of the viral spike protein. Our work provides potential candidates for other researchers to identify inhibitors to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection, and highlights the importance of CM and integrative application of CM and Western medicine on treating COVID-19.

Mycotic aneurysm due to Salmonella species: clinical experiences and review of the literature

The mortality of patients with mycotic aneurysms is high, especially in East Asia, and infection by Salmonella species is the most common. Our study aimed to improve prognosis of adult mycotic aneurysms with early diagnosis and accurate treatment. Four adult patients with mycotic aneurysm caused by Salmonella were included and analyzed by single-center retrospective analysis. Cases reported in the literature during the past 10 years were also summarized. The average age of the 4 male patients was 61.25 years, while that of the 53 cases reported in the literature was 65.13 years. Hypertension, diabetes, and atherosclerosis were common complications. Most patients presented fever and experienced pain at the corresponding position of the aneurysm. Laboratory examination found an increased number of white blood cells accompanied by an increase in inflammatory markers. Most aneurysms were found in the abdominal aorta, while the rupture of an aneurysm was the most common complication. The mortality rates were 21.43 and 7.14% after open surgery or endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) intervention, respectively. The recurrence rates of infection were 0 and 17.85% for both treatments, respectively. The mortality rate of mycotic aneurysm caused by Salmonella infection was high in middle-aged males with hypertension, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. The possibility of a Salmonella-infected aneurysm should be considered in these high-risk groups presenting chills, fever, chest, and back pain. Open surgery was superior to EVAR treatment in the clearance of infected foci and the reduction of postoperative recurrence. The recurrence of postoperative infection can be prevented by intravenous antibiotic therapy for 6 weeks post-surgery.

Evaluation of the early effects of hyaluronate sodium eye drops combined with soft corneal contact lenses after pterygium excision surgeries / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

·AIM: To investigate the early effects of 3g/L sodium hyaluronate eye drops combined with soft contact lenses on corneal epithelial healing and local comfort.·METHODS: Totally 90 patients ( 90 eyes ) with primary monocular pterygium were randomly divided into three groups after pterygium excision surgeries ( n = 30, for each) . Each group received pterygium excision combined with limbal stem cell autograft transplantation. The research group wore soft corneal contact lens for 7d after the surgery, and the next day all of them were given 3g/L sodium hyaluronate and levofloxacin eye drops four times a day, tobrmycin and dexamethasone ophthalmic ointment once every night. The Group B did not wear the corneal contact lens, they were given levofloxacin eye drops four times a day and tobrmycin and dexamethasone ophthalmic ointment once every night. About the Group C, the 3g/L sodium hyaluronate eye drops was added on the basis of conventional medication of Group B. The time of corneal epithelial healing after surgery and the ocular pain score in different times were observed and contrasted.· RESULTS: Mean pain score of Group A were significantly lower than Group B and C at 6h, the first day and the third day after operation(P<0. 001), but there was no significant difference between the three groups at the fifth day and the seventh day (P>0. 05). The first day after the surgery, there were no eyes of corneal epithelium completely healed, but the complete healing rate of Group A were significantly higher than the other two group at the second day and the third day. (P<0. 05).·CONCLUSION: Early use of 3g/L hyaluronate sodium eye drops combined with soft corneal contact lenses after pterygium excision surgeries will not only accelerate corneal epithelial wound healing, but also relieve local pain, improve ocular comfort significantly.

Neurotization of free gracilis transfer with the brachialis branch of the musculocutaneous nerve to restore finger and thumb flexion in lower trunk brachial plexus injury: an anatomical study and case report

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of using free gracilis muscle transfer along with the brachialis muscle branch of the musculocutaneous nerve to restore finger and thumb flexion in lower trunk brachial plexus injury according to an anatomical study and a case report. METHODS: Thirty formalin-fixed upper extremities from 15 adult cadavers were used in this study. The distance from the point at which the brachialis muscle branch of the musculocutaneous nerve originates to the midpoint of the humeral condylar was measured, as well as the length, diameter, course and branch type of the brachialis muscle branch of the musculocutaneous nerve. An 18-year-old male who sustained an injury to the left brachial plexus underwent free gracilis transfer using the brachialis muscle branch of the musculocutaneous nerve as the donor nerve to restore finger and thumb flexion. Elbow flexion power and hand grip strength were recorded according to British Medical Research Council standards. Postoperative measures of the total active motion of the fingers were obtained monthly. RESULTS: The mean length and diameter of the brachialis muscle branch of the musculocutaneous nerve were 52.66±6.45 and 1.39±0.09 mm, respectively, and three branching types were observed. For the patient, the first gracilis contraction occurred during the 4th month. A noticeable improvement was observed in digit flexion one year later; the muscle power was M4, and the total active motion of the fingers was 209°. CONCLUSIONS: Repairing injury to the lower trunk of the brachial plexus by transferring the brachialis muscle branch of the musculocutaneous nerve to the anterior branch of the obturator nerve using a tension-free direct suture is technically feasible, and the clinical outcome was satisfactory in a single surgical patient.

Dickkopf-1 has an Inhibitory Effect on Mesenchymal Stem Cells to Fibroblast Differentiation / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are bone marrow stem cells which play an important role in tissue repair. The treatment with MSCs will be likely to aggravate the degree of fibrosis. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is involved in developmental and physiological processes, such as fibrosis. Dickkopfs (DKKs) are considered as an antagonist to block Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by binding the receptor of receptor-related protein (LRP5/6). DKK1 was chosen in attempt to inhibit fibrosis of MSCs by lowering activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Stable MSCs were randomly divided into four groups: MSCs control, MSCs + transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), MSCs + DKK1, and MSCs + TGF-β + DKK1. Flow cytometry was used to identify MSCs. Cell viability was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide test. Immunofluorescence was used to detect protein expression in the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways. Western blotting analysis was employed to test expression of fibroblast surface markers and, finally, real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was employed to test mRNA expression of fibroblast surface markers and Wnt/β-catenin signaling proteins.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Cultivated MSCs were found to conform to the characteristics of standard MSCs: expression of cluster of differentiation (CD) 73, 90, and 105, not expression of 34, 45, and 79. We found that DKK1 could maintain the normal cell morphology of MSCs. Western blotting analysis showed that fibroblast surface markers were expressed in high quantities in the group MSCs + TGF-β. However, the expression was lower in the MSCs + TGF-β + DKK1. Immunofluorescence showed high expression of all Wnt/β-catnin molecules in the MSCs + TGF-β group but expressed in lower quantities in MSCs + TGF-β + DKK1 group. Finally, mRNA expression of fibroblast markers vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin and Wnt/β-catenin signaling proteins β-catenin, T-cell factor, and glycogen synthase kinase-3β was significantly increased in MSCs + TGF-β group compared to control (P < 0.05). Expression of the same fibroblast markers and Wnt/β-catenin was decreased to regular quantities in the MSCs + TGF-β + DKK1 group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>DKK1, Wnt/β-catenin inhibitors, blocks the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to inhibit the process of MSCs fibrosis. It might provide some new ways for clinical treatment of certain diseases.</p>

C825T polymorphism of G protein beta3 subunit gene and Uygur Hilit type of essential hypertension: a correlation study / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the association between C825T polymorphism of G protein beta3 subunit (GNB3) gene and different Hilit types of essential hypertension (EH) in the Uygur nationality of Xinjiang.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to Uygur medical theories, EH patients (as the EH group) and non-EH patients (as the control group) were assigned to four Hilit groups. The C825T polymorphism of GNB3 was detected in 161 EH patients and 379 non-EH subjects of different Hilit types by using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) to explore the difference of the genotypes and allelic frequencies and hypertension.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) In Xinjiang Uygur population, the distribution frequencies of GNB3 C825T polymorphism were in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg (chi2 = 0.871, P = 0.647). (2) There was no statistical difference in the distribution frequencies of three genotypes and two alleles of GNB3 between the EH group and the control group (P > 0.05). (3) There was statistical difference in distribution frequencies of three genotypes between the abnormal Sapra and non-abnormal Sapra group (the sum of abnormal Sewda, abnormal Kan, and abnormal Balhem) (chi2 = 6.905, P = 0.032), especially between the abnormal Sapra and abnormal Balhem groups (chi2 = 10.404, P = 0.006), but there was no statistical difference in distribution frequencies of alleles between the two groups (P > 0.05). (4) In 161 EH patients, there was statistical difference in the distribution frequencies of three genotypes and two alleles between the abnormal Sapra and non-abnormal Sapra group (chi2 = 9.034, P = 0.011; chi2 = 4.701, P = 0.03).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Both TT genotype and T allele of GNB3 C825T polymorphism might not be associated with EH patients in Xinjiang Uygur populations. However, they were correlated with hypertension patients of non-abnormal Sapra, indicating the pathogeneses of EH with different Hilit types might be different.</p>

Study on the correlation of Xinjiang endometrial tumor and vascular endothelial growth factor / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the relationships of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endometrial cancer of Uighur Women in Xinjiang.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The serum of 50 endometrial cancer patient's and 70 healthy women' s were collected. VEGF expressions were tested by ELISA method and the correlations of endometrial cancer with VEGF were analysed. The variety of serum VEGF in different clinical stages of endometrial cancer was analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Serum VEGF expressions on endometrial cancer were significantly higher than normal ones (P < 0.01); The serum VEGF level in late stage was significantly higher than early stage (P < 0.01). The serum VEGF level significantly increased from well differentiated to the poorly differentiated cases (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>high level expressions of VEGF are related to the endometrial cancer. Uighur Women in Xinjiang, particularly high expressed in advanced and poorly differentiated endometrial cancer.</p>

A study of sleep stage classification based on permutation entropy for electroencephalogram / 生物医学工程学杂志

This paper presents a new method for automatic sleep stage classification which is based on the EEG permutation entropy. The EEG permutation entropy has notable distinction in each stage of sleep and manifests the trend of regular transforming. So it can be used as features of sleep EEG in each stage. Nearest neighbor is employed as the pattern recognition method to classify the stages of sleep. Experiments are conducted on 750 sleep EEG samples and the mean identification rate can be up to 79.6%.

Correlates of bronchial asthma in Uygur and Han adults in Turpan prefecture, Xinjiang / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze possible difference in bronchial asthma between ethnic and geographic groups and explore its correlates among Uygur and Han adults in Turpan Prefecture, Xinjiang.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and sixty-six clinically diagnosed asthmatic patients at Turpan Prefecture Hospital, Xinjiang, 86 of Uygur and 80 of Han ethnic, and 166 1:1 matched controls from ophthalmological outpatient department at the same hospital were recruited into the study. Interview with questionnaire was conducted and serum levels of eosinophilic cation protein (S-ECP), total IgE (T-IgE) and specific IgE (S-IgE) were measured for all of the participants to study related factors for asthma with univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression analyses.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Bronchial infection (OR(U) = 5.111, 95%CI: 1.203 - 21.710; OR(H) = 2.498, 95%CI: 1.471 - 5.069), family history of asthma (OR(U) = 3.078, 95%CI: 1.812 - 5.188; OR(H) = 2.711, 95%CI: 1.010 - 6.176), personal allergy history (OR(U) = 2.083, 95%CI: 1.043 - 4.162; OR(H) = 3.998, 95%CI: 1.739 - 9.198), weather change (OR(U) = 2.218, 95%CI: 1.199 - 3.778; OR(H) = 1.733, 95%CI: 1.004 - 2.994) and positive S-IgE (OR(U) = 1.592, 95%CI: 1.018 - 2.491; OR(H) = 3.858, 95%CI: 2.246 - 8.507) correlated with asthma in patients of both Uygur and Han ethnic. Percentage of asthma attack induced by respiratory infection [59.30% (51/86)] and weather change [36.05% (31/86)] in Uygur patients was significantly higher than that in Han ethnic [42.50% (34/80) and 21.25% (17/80), respectively], but percentage of those with personal allergy history [48.75% (39/80)] and positive S-IgE [52.50% (42/80)] in Han ethnic was significantly higher than that in Uygur [32.56% (28/86) and 30.23% (26/86), respectively]. Levels of S-ECP and T-IgE in patients with moderate and severe asthma of both Uygur and Han ethnic [(S-ECP(U) = 7.95 +/- 3.98) microg/L, S-ECP(H) = (11.21 +/- 4.74) microg/L, T- IgE(U) = (72.23 +/- 45.92) kU/L, T-IgE(H) = (108.81 +/- 64.07) kU/L, respectively]were significantly higher than those in controls of the same ethnic [S- ECP(U) = (1.94 +/- 1.16) microg/L, S-ECP(H) = (2.07 +/- 1.63) microg/L, T-IgE(U) = (46.19 +/- 32.47) kU/L, T-IgE(H) = (50.97 +/- 38.51) kU/L; t values were 8.96, 10.52, 2.81, 4.97, P < 0.01], higher in Han ethnic than those in Uygur (t values were 3.01, 2.68, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Bronchial infection, family asthma history, personal allergy history, weather change and positive S-IgE all were important correlates of asthma in Turpan Prefecture, Xinjiang. Levels of S-ECP and T-IgE in patients with moderate and severe asthma increased during its attacks, higher in Han ethnic than those in Uygur. Genetic and environmental factors may be involved in occurrence and development of asthma.</p>

The occurrence of traumatic cavotid carernous fistla after fracture of basilaris cranii and its associated factors with outcome / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective To analyze the occurrence of traumatic carotid cavemons fistula (TCCF) resulted from the fracture of basilaris cranii, in order to find out the related factors to outcomes and to discuss the approaches to improving prognosis.Method Data of 312 patients with the fracture of skull base complicatcd with TCCF con-firmed angiography from 1999 to 2005 were analyzed. These patients were classified into patients with disable and patients without disabed. The factors potentially impacting on outcomes were analyzed. Results The overall inci-dence of TCCF in 312 patients with fracture of basilaris cranii was 3.8% .The incideucs of TCCF occurred in pa-tients with the fracture of anterior fossa, middle fossa and posterior fossa accounted for 2.4%, 8.3 % and 1.7 %, respectively. Between two cohorts of patients, there were no difference in age, gender, number of embelization proce-dares performed and the time from injury to appearence of the first symptom except the differencc in time from ap-pearence of the first symptom to the intravascular embohzation performed (P>0.05). Conclusions A relatively high incidence of TCCF occurs in patients with middle fossa fractures, especially those with transverse or oblique fractures. Prompt diagnosis and intervention can not be emphasized in case of patients with TCCF, and non inva-sive techniques for the early detection of TCCF under certain circumstance after brain or facial trauma should be considered so as to avoid a miss in the early diagnosis of middle fossa fracture to ensure favourable outcomes.

Dual-phase contrast-enhancement multislice computed tomography imaging in assessment of acute myocardial infarction-reperfusion injury / 上海第二医科大学学报

Objective To explore the value of dual-phase contrast-enhancement multislice computed tomography (MSCT) in the assessment of acute myocardial infarction volume and perfusion in porcine models. Methods The distal left anterior descending coronary arteries of 5 pigs were balloon-occluded for 90 min and followed by reperfusion. MSCT was performed 1 min (early phase) and 5 min (delayed phase) after administration bolus of 100 mL of iodinated contrast material 30 min after reperfusion. On the same day, hearts were excised, sectioned in 8 mm short-axis slices, and stained with TTC. Infarction volume was defined as the sum of the hyper-enhanced area and surrounding hypo-enhanced area in all slices on delay enhanced phase of MSCT and the TTC-negative area on TTC staining slices. Infarction volume was expressed as percentage of total slice volume. Results Acute infarction detected by MSCT was characterized by early myocardial perfasion defects in the early phase of the contrast bolus (early defects) with surrounding residual defects and late enhancement observed in the late phase. Mean CT attenuation value of early defects was significantly different from CT attenuation value of remote myocardium [(213±55)HU vs (304±30)HU](P < 0.05), CT attenuation values of residual defects and late enhancement were also significantly different from those of remote myocardium [(360±75) HU vs (90±37) HU and (152±23) HU vs (190±37) HU, repectively](P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The mean infarction volume was (8.9± 1.0)% on MSCT and (9.2±1.4)% on TTC pathology images. The infarction volume assessed by MSCT compared well with TTC staining slices. Conclusion Acute reperfused myocardial infarction zone has specific enhancement pattens different to remote normal zone on dual phase MDCT, which is in good agreement with in vivo Trc pathology in the assessment of acute reperfused myocardial infarction shortly offer reperfusion.

Efficacy of large decompressive craniectomy in severe traumatic brain injury / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the role of large decompressive craniectomy (LDC) in the management of severe and very severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and compare it with routine decompressive craniectomy (RDC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The clinical data of 263 patients with severe TBI (GCS < or = 8) treated by either LDC or RDC in our department were studied retrospectively in this article. One hundred and thirty-five patients with severe TBI, including 54 patients with very severe TBI (GCS < or = 5), underwent LDC (LDC group). The other 128 patients with severe TBI, including 49 patients with very severe TBI, underwent RDC (RDC group). The treatment outcome and postoperative complications of the two treatment methods were compared and analyzed in a 6-month follow-up period.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Ninety-six patients (71.7 %) obtained satisfactory treatment outcome in the LDC group, while only 75 cases (58.6 %) obtained satisfactory outcome in the RDC group (P < 0.05). Moreover, the efficacy of LDC in treating very severe TBI was higher than that of RDC (63.0 % vs. 36.7 %, P < 0.01). The chance of reoperation due to refractory intracranial pressure (ICP) in the LDC group was significantly lower than that of the RDC group (P < 0.05), while the incidences of delayed intracranial hematoma and subdural effusion were significantly higher than those of the RDC group ( P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>LDC is superior to RDC in improving the treatment outcome of severe TBI, especially the very severe ones. LDC can also efficiently reduce the chances of reoperation due to refractory ICP. However, it increases the incidences of delayed intracranial hematoma and contralateral subdural effusion.</p>

Distribution and characteristics of hepatitis B virus genotypes in Uighur patients with chronic hepatitis B in Xinjiang province of China / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study genotype distribution and the characteristics of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Uighur patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in Xinjiang, China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Type specific primers and PCR were used to detect the HBV genotypes of 127 Uighur CHB patients in Xinjiang. Genotyping results were confirmed by PCR product sequencing.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 127 patients, the proportions of genotype D, B, C and B/D, C/D, B/C/D were 39.4% (50/127), 22.0% (28/127), 16.5% (21/127) and 9.4% (12/127), 8.7% (11/127) and 3.9% (5/127), respectively. The distribution of the HBV genotypes showed no significant differences between male and female patients (x2 = 8.058, P > 0.05), between HBeAg positive and negative patients (x2 = 6.033, P > 0.05), and between patients of different ages (x2 = 3.137, P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Genotype D HBV is predominant in Uighur patients with chronic hepatitis B in Xinjiang. The distribution of various HBV genotypes shows no significant differences between these Uighur patients with different HBeAg positivity, sex and age.</p>

Surgery for posttraumatic syringomyelia: a retrospective study of seven patients / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze retrospectively the clinical symptoms, signs, radiological findings and results of treatment of posttraumatic syringomyelia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The data of 7 patients with posttraumatic syringomyelia confirmed by computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in our hospital between 1999 and 2004 were reviewed retrospectively. The patients underwent decompressive laminectomy or syringo-subarachnoid (S-S) shunting with microsurgery. Long-term follow-up was available (range: 13-65 months).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The major clinical manifestations of posttraumatic syringomyelia usually included the onset of increasing signs and the development of new symptoms after an apparently stable period. The clinical symptoms included pain, sensory disturbance, weakness, and problems in autonomic nerves. Syrinx existed merely at the cervical level in 4 cases and extended downward to the thoracic levels in the other 3 cases. One case underwent decompressive laminectomy, 6 cases were treated by S-S shunting. During the early postoperative period, all the patients showed an improvement of symptoms of syrinx without major complication or death. The decreased size or collapse of the syrinx was demonstrated by postoperative MRI.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Posttraumatic syringomyelia is a disabling sequela of spinal cord injury, developing months to years after spinal injury. MRI is the standard diagnostic technique for syringomyelia. The patients with posttraumatic syringomyelia combined with progressive neurological deterioration should be treated with operations. S-S shunting procedure is effective in some patients with posttraumatic syringomyelia. Decompressive procedure may be an alternative primary surgical treatment for patients with kyphosis and cord compression.</p>

Changes in the expression of c-fos & heat shock protein genes & blood flow velocity in the brain of rats undergoing myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion.

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Myocardial hypofunction could lead to the derangement of brain functions. The expression of c-fos and heat shock protein (hsp) genes was recognized as markers of neural cell injury. We under took this study to investigate the influence of myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R) on these molecular events in the rat brain tissue and changes in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and the cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV), to understand the basis of cerebral pathology following cardiac ischaemia and reperfusion. METHODS: Healthy rats (n=42) were randomly allocated into seven groups: sham-operated (A); myocardial ischaemia for 15 min, followed by 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 h of reperfusion respectively (B2-B6) and hypovolemia at medium level (C). I/R rat models were established by ligating the anterior branch of the left coronary artery. Expressions of the c-fos, hsp70, hsp27 and hsp90 genes in the cerebrum, cerebellum, medullaoblongata and hippocampus, were studied with immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization. The MAP and CBFV of the rats were also measured. RESULTS: The expressions of c-fos and HSP70 in brain tissue increased after myocardial ischaemia/ reperfusion, with the strongest signal appearing in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex, while labeling for HSP27 and HSP90 alpha were not detectable in any of the experimental groups. The expressions of c-fos mRNA and hsp70 mRNA shared the similar characteristics with their encoding proteins. MAP, reflection of cardiac function and cerebral blood flow decreased following cardiac ischaemia and reperfusion. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION: Our findings suggested that the brain damages occurred from the early phase of myocardial I/R. The exact mechanism of cerebral tissue injuries induced by myocardial I/R is not known. Further studies need to be done to throw light on these aspects.

Biology and Future Clinical Perspectives of Adipose-tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells / 中国生物工程杂志

Adipose-tissue mesenchymal stem cells, is one kind of multipotent stem cells, can differentiate into adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic, myogenic cells and so on in vitro and in vivo. Human adipose tissue is plentiful, easily harvested in large quantity with little patient discomfort. Adipose-tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells may be an alternative stem cell source for mesenchymal tissue regeneration and engineering without ethical consideration of embryonic stem cells and severe pain resulted by bone marrow procurement. The research work on adipose-tissue mesenchymal stem cells and future clinical perspectives were reviewed.

Is decompressive craniectomy for malignant middle cerebral artery infarction of any worth? / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Malignant middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction is characterized by mortality rate of up to 80%. The aim of this study was to determine the value of decompressive craniectomy in patients presenting malignant MCA infarction compared with those receiving medical treatment alone.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Patients with malignant MCA infarction treated in our hospital between January 1996 and March 2004 were included in this retrospective analysis. The National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used to assess neurological status on admission and at one week after surgery. All patients were followed up for assessment of functional outcome by the Barthel index (BI) and modified Rankin Scale (RS) at 3 months after infarction.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Ten out of 24 patients underwent decompressive craniectomy. The mean interval between stroke onset and surgery was 62.10 h. The mortality was 10.0% compared with 64.2% in patients who received medical treatment alone (P<0.001). The mean NIHSS score before surgery was 26.0 and 15.4 after surgery (P<0.001). At follow up, patients who underwent surgery had significantly better outcome with mean BI of 53.3, RS of 3.3 as compared to only 16.0 and 4.60 in medically treated patients. Speech function also improved in patients with dominant hemispherical infarction.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Decompressive craniectomy in patients with malignant MCA infarction improves both survival rates and functional outcomes compared with medical treatment alone. A randomized controlled trial is required to substantiate those findings.</p>