ABSTRACT
Objective To explore the relationship between ApoB/ApoA1 ratio and the common carotid arterial intima -media thickness (CCA IMT)among obese children.Methods A total of 53 obese children in the Zhuji People's hospital outpatient were enrolled as obese group.Other 59 no -obese healthy children were recruited as control group.Serum fasting glUAose (FG),fasting insulin (FI),total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL -C),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL -C),lipoprotein A,apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1 ), apolipoprotein B (ApoB),alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate amino transferase (AST),and uric acid (UA) were measured in the clinical laboratory.Body mass index (BMI),waist to hipline (W/H)ratio,ApoB/ApoA1 ratio, insulin resistance by homeostasis model (HOMA -IR),and βcell function by homeostasis model (HOMA -β)were calculated.The common carotid arterial IMT of obese children was measured by B -mode ultrasound.All factors between two groups were compared by independent t test.The differences between the two groups were compared,and the correlation between CCA IMT and other factors in obesity group was analyzed by stepwise multiple regression model.Results In the obese group,lg(ALT),lg(AST),lg(UA),ln(10*TG),TC,LDL -C,ApoB,ApoB/ApoA1,lg(HOMA -β), and ln(10* HOMA -IR)were significantly higher than those in control group (P <0.05,respectively)while HDL -C and ApoA1 in obese group were lower than those in control group (P <0.01,respectively).Bivariate correlation analysis showed that CCA IMT was inversely correlated with ApoA1 and positively correlated with ApoB/ApoA1,lg(ALT),and lg (AST)(P <0.05,respectively).Analysis using multiple regression method showed that ApoB/ApoA1 was positively correlated with CCA IMT in these obese children (P <0.05 ).Conclusion In obese children,ApoB /ApoA1 was the independent determinant of CCA IMT,which may be a risk factor for atherosclerosis early in life.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the influence of histamine H3 receptor agonist, IMETIT and simultaneous use of IMETIT and H1-receptor antagonist, Loratadine, on the symptoms of allergic rhinitis (AR) and substance P(SP) secretion and expression of SP receptor (SP-R) mRNA in AR model in guinea pigs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Guinea pigs were divided randomly into 4 groups: AR group (group A), IMETIT group (group B), Loratadine group (group C) and IMETIT+Loratadine group (group D). The severity of AR was assessed by determining the extent of three markers of allergic symptoms (sneezing, nasal rubbing and nose blocking). The changes in the nasal mucosa were studied by pathological methods. The expression of positive cell of SP was detected by immunohistochemistry. SP-R mRNA expression in nasal mucosa was used to do reverse transcriptive-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Statistical analysis was performed using a SPSS 13.0 software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In Group B, the mean (x ± s) number of sneeze [(15.0 ± 1.3) times], scratching nose [(16.5 ± 2.3) times] and respiratory frequency [(76.3 ± 4.1) times/min] were significantly improved than those in group A [(23.5 ± 2.6) times, (26.1 ± 4.1) times and (66.5 ± 5.8) times/min, respectively), P value were 0.000, 0.000 and 0.001, respectively]. The numbers of SP-positive cells [(11.6 ± 3.6)/HP] and SP-R mRNA expression (0.64 ± 0.04) in group B were reduced significantly compared to group A [(27.1 ± 9.7)/HP, (0.83 ± 0.03), P value were 0.000, 0.000, respectively]. Sneeze [(10.0 ± 2.3) times], scratching nose [(11.8 ± 1.7) times] and respiration [(90.0 ± 5.0) times/min] in Group D were improved significantly than those in group B (P value were 0.000, 0.002 and 0.000, respectively). SP-positive cells [(2.0 ± 1.7)/HP] and SP-R mRNA expression (0.52 ± 0.06) in Group D compared with group B were also significantly reduced (P value were 0.012 and 0.000, respectively). Pathological changes in guinea pig nasal mucosa in group B, group D were alleviated than those in group A. The combination of IMETIT and Loratadine had a synergistic effect on these effects (F value were 11.59, 8.28, 5.61, 5.48, 6.50, respectively, P value were 0.002, 0.008, 0.025, 0.027, 0.017).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>IMETIT and the combination of IMETIT with Loratadine can effectively relieve the symptoms of AR in guinea pigs, its mechanism may be relevant to reduce SP secretion and the expression of SP-R mRNA, and the two has a synergistic effect. It may be useful as a novel therapeutic approach in nasal allergy.</p>