Forensic Analysis of 9 Cases of Sudden Unexpected Death in Epilepsy / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To analyze the case, scene and forensic pathological characteristics of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), to provide a practical basis for forensic identification.@*METHODS@#A total of 9 autopsy cases of SUDEP were collected. The basic information of the cases, the scene characteristics, the forensic pathological changes, the common drugs and antiepileptic drug test results, and pericardial fluid biochemical test results were analyzed.@*RESULTS@#All of the 9 cases were male epilepsy patients died during sleep at night, the age of death was (37.1±8.6) years, and the course of epilepsy was (21.3±5.6) years. Six corpses were in prone position and three in left lateral position. The hemorrhage of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, sternal thyroid muscle and sternohyoid muscle were found with 8 cases, 5 cases and 4 cases, respectively, all of them were unilateral. Six cases had bilateral hemorrhage of pectoralis minor muscle. Brain edema, phagocytosis of frontotemporal neurons and gliosis, cardiac fibers bend in wavy patterns and eosinophilic staining enhancement, pulmonary edema, pulmonary congestion, alveolar hemorrhage, pulmonary small bronchiole wall shrinking, tubular proteinuria and pancreatic parenchymal hemorrhage were the common histopathological changes. The biochemical test results of pericardial fluid indicated that there were myocardial ischemic damage.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Young male, early onset, long course of disease, sleep in the prone position, poor drug compliance or combination, epileptic seizure may be the risk factors of SUDEP. Cardiac dysfunction and respiratory depression might be the main death mechanism of SUDEP.

Arthroscopic labrum reconstruction for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome: 12 cases report / 北京大学学报(医学版)

To investigate the surgical effect of hip arthroscopic labrum reconstruction. A retrospective study was performed on the clinical data of 12 patients who underwent hip arthroscopic labrum reconstruction in our department from September 2017 to February 2021 and were followed up for 5-46 months, with an average of 21.5 months. All the patients had a hip joint space of more than 2 mm, and Tonnis grade less than level Ⅱ. These 12 patients underwent arthroscopic debridement of hyperplastic synovium, femoral head and neck and/or acetabular osteoplasty, and labrum reconstruction using autograft iliotibial band or gracilis tendon. After the surgery, we conducted follow-up and data collection, recorded the satisfaction of the patients and occurrence of complications, as well as the cartilage lesion of hip joint observed under the arthroscopy. We compared the alpha angle of Dunn X-ray film, center-edge angle (CE angle) of AP X-ray film, modified Harris hip score (mHHS score), hip outcome score (HOS), international hip outcome tool 12 score (iHOT12 Score), and visual analogue scale (VAS scale) before and after the arthroscopic operation, to assess clinical symptom relief and joint function recovery. The 12 patients were followed up for 5-46 (21.5±12.8) months. The VAS scale were (5.3±2.5) and (2.5±1.4) before and after the surgery, showing significant decrease (P=0.018). The mHHS score were (60.6±22.2) and (83.1±5.8) before and after the surgery, showing significant increase (P=0.003). The patient satisfaction was high (7.8±2.0) (range: 0-10). None of the 12 patients had serious complications, revision surgery, or total hip replacement at the end of the last follow-up. Autologous tendon transplantation for reconstruction of acetabular labrum under arthroscopy can improve the clinical symptoms and joint function of patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), which is a safe and effective treatment.

Sedative and Hypnotic Effects and Transcriptome Analysis of Polygala tenuifolia in Aged Insomnia Rats / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the sedative and hypnotic effects and underlying mechanisms of Polygala tenuifolia (PT) on treating aged insomnia rats.@*METHODS@#Sixty Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into 6 groups by a random number table, including control group, model group, diazepam group (0.92 mg/kg), as well as PT low-, medium- and high-dose groups (0.0875, 0.175, 0.35 g/kg, respectively), 10 rats in each group. Aged insomnia rat model was established with subcutaneous injection of D-galactose for 42 days and then intraperitoneal injection of para-chlorophenylalanine for 3 days. PT and diazepam were respectively given to aged insomnia rats by intragastric administration for 7 days after model establishment. Then the rats were investigated by body weight, Morris water maze test, pentobarbital test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and transcriptome sequencing.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the model group, PT increased the body weight, improved memory ability, and prolonged pentobarbital-induced sleep time of aged insomnia rats (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The medium dose of PT also increased the neurotransmitter levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), and decreased the level of Glu in the hippocampus of aged insomnia rats (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Twenty-four differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were overlapped among model group, medium-dose PT group, and diazepam group in transcriptome analysis. Fuom and Pcp2 were down-regulated by the treatment of medium-dose PT (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The metabolic pathways of PT were relatively less than diazepam (91 vs. 104).@*CONCLUSIONS@#The sedative and hypnotic effects of PT in aged insomnia rats might be related to neuro, metabolism pathways, especially through GABAergic signaling pathway. It provided more effective herb choice for the treatment of senile insomnia.

Application of ultrasound-guided hip joint drug injection in the postoperative rehabilitation of arthroscopie repair of acetabular labral tears / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the clinical application of ultrasound-guided hip joint drug injection in the postoperative rehabilitation of arthroscopie repair of acetabular labral tears.@*METHODS@#This research retrospectively analyzed a total of 38 hips from 36 patients (2 of them were bilateral) whose imaging examination showed acetabular labral well healed but the rehabilitating training was limited due to hip pain after arthroscopie repair of acetabular labral tears in our hospital between June 2015 and May 2017. All the patients underwent ultrasound-guided hip joint drug injection treatment. Through comparing the pain and the function of hip before and after drug injection, the clinical application values of ultrasound-guided hip joint drug injection in the postoperative rehabilitation of arthroscopie repair of acetabular labral tears were explored. The degree of hip pain was assessed by visual analogue score (VAS), which were scored before and after the injection. The hip function was assessed by the hip range of activity. The SPSS 21.0 statistical software was used for the data analysis. The effective rate of hip injection was calculated, which was defined as: ("excellent" + "good")/total number of cases×100%. The degree of hip pain was assessed by VAS, which was divided into 0 to 10 points with 0 for no pain and 10 for unbearable severe pain. The function of hip was assessed by the hip range of activity. The therapeutic effect of "excellent" meant no pain or occasional slight pain in the hip, along with Patrick test was negative and hip joint was not limited; the therapeutic effect of "good" meant that the pain was significantly reduced, and the hip's activity was slightly restricted. "No effect" meant that the pain of hip was not relieved, and the Patrick test was positive.@*RESULTS@#The VAS score of the patient before drug injection was 5.46±1.46, and the VAS score was 2.01±0.53 after drug injection 4 weeks later. The score of the latter was significantly lower than that of the former, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The hip joint activity after ultrasound-guided hip joint drug injection was significantly improved. The therapeutic effective rate was 84.2%.@*CONCLUSION@#For patients with hip pain and limitations after arthroscopie repair of acetabular labral tears, ultrasound-guided drug injection can effectively reduce hip pain, improve hip activity, and promote hip functional reconstruction.

Heterotopic ossification after arthroscopy for hip impingement syndrome / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Heterotopic ossification (HO) is a known complication of hip arthroscopy. We investigated incidence of HO after hip arthroscopy and determined whether revision for HO improved outcome.@*METHODS@#A retrospective study was conducted on 242 patients (140 men and 102 women, mean age: 36.2 ± 9.5 years) who underwent hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) between January 2016 and January 2018. The average follow-up period was 22.88 ± 11.74 months (range: 11-34 months). Thirteen (5.37%) cases of HO (six men and seven women, five left hips and eight right hips; mean age: 37.5 ± 4.7 years) were observed. Among them, four cases with HO with obvious pain symptoms and persistent non-remission underwent revision surgery to remove HO. Monthly follow-up was conducted. Visual analog scale (VAS), modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), and non-Arthritis Hip Score (NAHS) were evaluated and compared between HO and non-HO patients. Independent sample t test, Mann-Whitney U test and the Chi-square test were used for inter-group comparisons. HO degree was evaluated using Brooker classification. Symptoms and function were evaluated before and after revision.@*RESULTS@#A total of 242 patients were involved in this study. Thirteen cases (5.4%) had imaging evidence of HO. Nine (9/13) were classified as Brooker stage I, three (3/13) Brooker stage II, and one (1/13) Brooker stage III. HO was detected by ultrasonography as early as 3 weeks after operation. After primary surgery, the mHHS of the HO group and non-HO group increased by 13.00 (8.50, 25.50) and 24.00 (14.00, 34.50) points (Z = -1.80, P = 0.08), NAHS increased by 18.00 (9.50, 31.50) and 26.00 (13.50, 36.00) points (Z = -1.34, P = 0.18), and VAS decreased by 3.00 (2.00, 4.00) and 4.00 (3.00, 4.50) points (Z = -1.55, P = 0.12). Average follow-up time after revision was 9.00 ± 2.94 months; mHHS increased by 34.75 points (t = -55.23, P < 0.01) and NAHS by 28.75 points (t = -6.03, P < 0.01), and VAS decreased by 4 points (t = 9.80, P < 0.01). HO and non-HO patients were similar for demographic and surgical data, and clinical and functional scores.@*CONCLUSION@#HO incidence after arthroscopic treatment of FAI is similar to that found in previous studies. Most HO have no effect on clinical symptoms. Patients who undergo revision HO resection show improvement in pain and joint function.

Effect and mechanism of xanthan gum on osteoarthritis caused by anterior cruciate ligament transection / 药学学报

The study is designed to evaluate the protective effect of xanthan gum (XG) injection on cartilage injury in the rabbit osteoarthritis (OA) model induced by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT), and to explore the effect of XG on the expression of caspase-3 and Bax protein in OA cartilage. Sixty male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=10) according to random number table method, and one group was selected randomly as the normal control group (control) while the other 5 groups of right knee were used to establish the OA model with ACLT, which were then divided into model group (model), XG-0.6 mg·kg-1, XG-1.2 mg·kg-1, XG-2.4 mg·kg-1 treatment group and sodium hyaluronate (SH-1.2 mg·kg-1) treatment group according to drug intervention. The knee joint temperature and knee joint width of each group were measured in the course of treatment. After treatment, the macroscopic morphology of rabbit joints in each group was observed. The pathological morphology of articular cartilage of rabbits in each group was observed using HE staining. The expression of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 in the cartilage of rabbits were detected by Western blot. The result shows that XG inhibited the increase in knee joint temperature and knee width caused by OA in a dose-dependent manner. XG improved the morphological abnormalities and tissue injuries of the femoral condyle and tibial plateau caused by OA. Western blot result shows that, compared with the control group, the levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 in knee cartilage cells of model group and XG-0.6 mg·kg-1 group were significantly increased (P-1 group (P>0.05). These two groups are significantly higher than those of XG-1.2 mg·kg-1 and XG-2.4 mg·kg-1 (P-1 and XG-1.2 mg·kg-1 group (P>0.05). The level of Bax in knee cartilage in XG-2.4 mg·kg-1 group was lower than that of XG-1.2 mg·kg-1 group (P<0.05). In conclusion, XG effectively protected cartilage damage in OA, and inhibited the expression of Bax and caspase-3 protein in OA cartilage.

Effect of salmeterol/fluticasone propionate combined with lip shrinkage respiration on the treatment of pneumoconiosis complicated COPD / 中国职业医学

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of combined treatment using salmeterol / fluticasone propionate and lip shrinkage respiration on the treatment of patients with pneumoconiosis complicated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease( COPD). METHODS: By random number table method,98 patients with stable pneumoconiosis complicated with COPD were divided into 3 groups: drug treatment group( 33 cases) was treated only with inhalation of salmeterol /fluticasone propionate( 50 μg /500 μg),twice a day; lip shrinkage respiration group( 34 cases) was treated with abdominal breathing and lip shrinkage respiration training,three times daily for 15 min per session; combined treatment group( 31 cases) was treated with both the above treatments. Before and after 6 months of treatment,the lung function,the 6-minute walk distance and the oxygen saturation( Sa O2) were detected. The modified Medical Research Council( m MRC) Respiratory Questionnaire was used to evaluate the degree of dyspnea. RESULTS: After 6 months of treatment,the forced vital capacity percentage( FVC%),percentage of forced expiratory volume in one second( FEV1%),maximum ventilatory volume( MVV),6-minute walking distance,m MRC degree and the Sa O2 improved in the patients of these 3groups compared with those before treatment( P < 0. 05). Compared with the drug treatment group or lip shrinkage respiration group after treatment,the FVC%,FEV1%,MVV,6-minute walking distance and the Sa O2 in the combined treatment group were higher( P < 0. 05),and the m MRC degree was lower( P < 0. 05). CONCLUSION: Salmeterol /fluticasone propionate combined with lip shrinkage respiration treatment had better therapeutic effect than single treatment in treating patients with pneumoconiosis combined with COPD.

Preparation and characterization of rabbit anti-mouse zona pellucida 2 antibodies / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To prepare rabbit anti-mouse zona pellucida 2 (mZP2) polyclonal antibodies and test their immunoactivity.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Recombinant proteins of mZP2 expressed in Rosetta transformant was separated by SDS-PAGE, and the gel strips containing the recombinant mZP2 were cut out and emulsified to immunize New Zealand white rabbits. The antibody response of the antiserum was detected by ELISA, and the specificity of the antiserum was verified by immunohistochemical assay. The effect of the antiserum on the binding of oocytes with acrosomal reacted sperm was tested by sperm-egg binding assay.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>ELISA results showed that the immunized rabbit produced anti-mZP2 antiserum. The antiserum reacted specifically with the zona pellucida of mouse ovarian sections. Sperm-egg binding assay showed that treatment of the oocytes with the anti-mZP2 antiserum caused decreased binding of zona pellucida with the acrosomal reacted sperm by 43.7%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>We obtained rabbit anti-mouse ZP2 polyclonal antibodies that can inhibit the binding of oocytes with acrosomal reacted sperm.</p>

Further casbane-type diterpenes from the soft coral Sinularia depressa / 中国天然药物

AIM@#To study the minor diterpenes from the soft coral Sinularia depressa@*METHOD@#The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by various chromatographic techniques, and the chemical structures, including absolute configuration, were established on the basis of detailed analysis of spectroscopic data and by literature comparison with the data of related known compounds.@*RESULTS@#A new casbane-type diterpene, 2-epi-10-hydroxydepressin (1), was isolated and identified.@*CONCLUSION@#Compound 1 is a new casbane-type diterpene.

Advances in the research of the biological activities of degradation products of extracellular matrix / 中华烧伤杂志

ECM is a supporting structure for stabilizing the location of cells and preserving the structure of tissues. Recently, it has been discovered that ECM and its degradation products may exert profound influences on tissues and cells, such as activities of inflammatory cells and immune cells. Angiogenesis may be stimulated or inhibited by degradation products of ECM. Matrikines, liberated by partial proteolysis of ECM macromolecules, are found to regulate cell functional activities and play a significant role in wound healing or tumor invasion. Post-burn denatured dermal matrix is being studied in burn healing now. The study of post-burn denatured or necrotic dermal matrix should be emphasized in future.

Abnormal change of calcium signal system on consecutive monoculture problem of Rehmannia glutinosa / 中国中药杂志

Based on the early transcriptome and digital differentially expressed profiling library construction in consecutive monoculture (two-year culturing) Rehmannia glutinosa, we screened and chose the twelve differentially expressed protein genes which might be related with calcium signal system. The spatiotemporal expression of these genes was measured by the real-time quantitative PCR, and the relative expression values of the genes related with calcium signal system in different development stages and tissues of normal growth (one-year culturing) and succession cropping of R. glutinosa (two-year culturing) was elaborated in detail. In addition, disposed succession cropping of R. glutinosa was treated with different levels of calcium signal blocking agents in order to verify the mode of action of calcium signal system on consecutive monoculture problem in R. glutinosa. Among the twelve genes, two calcium channels away from the cytoplasm were down-regulated expressed, while the ten calcium channels toward the cytoplasm were up-regulated expressed. The results implied that succession cropping caused calcium ions flowing from endoplasmic reticulum to cytoplasm. While the key genes in calcium signal respond components such as CBL, CBP, CIBP, PLC, etc. were down-regulated expressed significantly in succession cropping of R. glutinosa which were disposed with calcium signal blocking agents, the extent of the damage was relieved, and approached the normal growth (one-year culturing) level. This result strongly showed that calcium signal system participated in the perceiving, conducting and magnifying processes of succession cropping obstacles of R. glutinosa.

Comparison study on knee osteoarthritis in rabbits induced by different concentrations of papain / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the knee osteoarthritis (OA) models in rabbits by different concentrations of papain and provide data for exploring pathogenesis and treatments of this disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into four groups of 15 each and given injections into the right knee on days 1, 3 and 5 including intra-articular injections of 2%, 5% or 10% (w/v) papain and 0.03 mol/L L-cysteine at the dose of 0.1 ml/kg (experimental groups). The 0.9% NaCl (w/v) with a dose of 0.1 ml/kg were injected intra-articularly into the right knees of rabbits in the control group. The rabbits were sacrificed at 2, 4, 6 weeks respectively after the initiation of papain injection and these OA models were evaluated through recording the width of knee joint, performing the morphological observation and histological evaluation of articular cartilage and synovium.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The degenerative changes were demonstrated in knee joints of rabbit in all experimental groups, such as thinner articular cartilage, fibrillation and destroyed cartilage matrix, and inflammation, proliferation, and degeneration of the synovial tissue. All these changes were much worse with increased concentration and prolonged observation time.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Different severity of OA are established through intra-articular injections of 2%, 5% or 10% papain and 0.03 mol/L L-cysteine at the dose of 0.1 ml/kg. These models are of the characters of short period and a good reproducibility.</p>

Oscillatory fluid flow elicits changes in morphology, cytoskeleton and integrin-associated molecules in MLO-Y4 cells, but not in MC3T3-E1 cells

Interstitial fluid flow stress is one of the most important mechanical stimulations of bone cells under physiological conditions. Osteocytes and osteoblasts act as primary mechanosensors within bones, and in vitro are able to respond to fluid shear stress, both morphologically and functionally. However, there is little information about the response of integrin-associated molecules using both osteoblasts and osteocytes. In this study, we investigated the changes in response to 2 hours of oscillatory fluid flow stress in the MLO-Y4 osteocyte-like cell line and the MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cell line. MLO-Y4 cells exhibited a significant increase in the expression of integrin-associated molecules, including OPN, CD44, vinculin and integrin avp3. However, there was no or limited increase observed in MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells. Cell area and fiber stress formation were also markedly promoted by fluid flow only in MLO-Y4 cells. But the numbers of processes per cell remain unaffected in both cell lines.

Effect of platelet-rich plasma on the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells in vitro / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells in vitro.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Human adipose-derived stem cells were obtained by enzymatic digestion and PRP was prepared by dual centrifugal method. The ADSCS were interfused with 5%, 10%, and 20% PRP in conditioned culture media, using the untreated cells as the control group. The morphology of the cells were observed and their proliferative ability was detected using XTT colorimetric assay. The adipogenic differentiation ability of the cells was evaluated using oil Red O staining.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The ADSCS treated with PRP showed better morphology with higher density than the control cells. XTT colorimetric assay demonstrated obviously stronger proliferative activity of PRP-treated cells than the control group (P<0.01). Interfusion with PRP caused a significant increase in adipogenic differentiation of the cells as compared to the control cells (P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PRP treatment produces obvious effects on the proliferation and adipogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells in vitro.</p>

Comparative study of ultrasonography, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in common duct stones / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the diagnostic value study the technique of ultrasonography, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in common duct stones.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three hundreds and eighty-four patients suspected common duct stones from August 2005 to October 2007 were undergone abdominal ultrasonography, MRCP and ERCP.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>There was stone in common duct in 370 and no stones in 14 of 384 patients. Ultrasonography indicated stones 268 cases, 8 false positive result was among them. MRCP diagnosed stones in 362 cases and false positive result in 6 cases, ERCP diagnosed stones 370 cases. The diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography, MRCP and ERCP was 70.3% (260/370), 96.2% (356/370) and 100% respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography for common duct stone was little higher, US should be used as a primary checking method. There was higher concordance between MRCP and ERCP for common duct stone. Combination of MRCP and ERCP can improve diagnostic accuracy of common duct stone.</p>

Effect of ray cartilage glycosaminoglycans (RCG) on the expression of MMP-9 in Lewis lung carcinoma / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of Ray cartilage glycosaminoglycans (RCG) on the expression of MMP-9 in Lewis lung carcinoma of mice.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The model of mice with Lewis lung carcinoma was induced. The experimental mice were randomly divided into normal saline group, RCG groups at varied concentrations and CTX group. Tumor growth state was observed, and tumor inhibitory rate of primary tumor and number of lung metastasis focus were measured. The expression of MMP-9 mRNA and protein in Lewis lung carcinoma was determined with RT-PCR and Western blot.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>As compared with normal saline group, tumor growth curves in RCG groups were smooth, there were significant differences of inhibitory rates of primary tumor and number of lung metastasis focus between RCG groups and normal saline group, and MMP-9 mRNA and protein expression levels in RCG groups were reduced significantly.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>RCG can inhibit effectively the growth and metastasis of implanted Lewis lung carcinoma in C57BL/6 mice, which is probably attributed to reducing the expression of MMP-9 mRNA and protein.</p>

The Application of the Different Methods in Different Contents in Pharmacological Theory Teaching / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Different teaching methods were chosen based on different teaching contents in pharmacological theory teaching.Then teaching contents seem simple,interesting and acceptable.The students were more interested in the subject.The results of investiga- tion showed that teaching quality had improved through using this technology.

Clinical and imageologicai analysis of the skull base erosion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma / 国外医学(肿瘤学分册)

Objective To investigate and analyze the clinical and imageological features of skull base erosion in nasopharyngeal carcinoma( NPC). Methods 67 NPC patients proved by pathology were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent both CT and MRI plain plus enhancement scan. Scan slices were performed from oral pharynx (lower border of second cervical vertebra) to suprasellar cistern by axial CT scans and axial, sagittal and coronal MRI scans. Results (1) 52 patients with skull base erosion were found with MRI, and only 35 patients with CT. The following structures and figures were difined with CT and MRI respectively: pterygoid plates 8,14; clivus 22,25 ; petrous apex 25 ,28 ; sphenoid body or sinus 19,25; sphenoid wing 9, 12; cavernous sinus 14,17. The display difference between CT and MRI had statistical significance ( x2= 9. 47 , P = 0. 02). (2) CT- defined skull base erosion was most bone destruction , however, not only bone destruction but also tumor crossing skull base structure could be defined by MRI. (3) The incidence of headache was 82.7% (43/52) , cranial nerve palsy was 67. 3% (35/52) , both headache and cranial nerve palsy was 57. 7% (30/52). Conclusion Headache and cranial nerve palsy are primary characteristics of the skull base erosion in NPC. MRI is superior to CT in defining both bone erosion and brain tissue abnormality.

The clinical application and research on vas deferens laser coagulation sterilization / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of Ar(+) laser on human vas deferens and to compare the effects of using different radiation levels with varying thickness of tissue and varying levels of injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>After initial tests on animals, four human scrotums were opened and treated directly with Ar(+) laser radiation. Then 58 human individual scrotums were treated with radiation by the method of trans-skin puncture. The rate of sperm reduction and elimination was tested.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In 60 cases, the sperms were found to be eliminated completely after six months of radiation treatment. In 2 cases the sperms were found not to be eliminated completely due to the insufficient radiation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Ar(+) laser is one of the best forms of radiation for coagulation of vas deferens. It can be used to coagulate vas deferens without any complications or sequelae.</p>