ABSTRACT
Amphetamines are chemical synthetic drugs that are becoming increasingly popular in China. As a common sample in the inspection of poisons, hair has the advantages of easy storage, good stability, and long detection time compared with traditional human body fluid samples （blood, urine）, thus possesses an unique application value in the field of forensic toxicology analysis. By now, methods for detecting amphetamines in human hair have been widely used, and validity of the results has been recognized and adopted by the court. This paper reviews domestic and foreign research progress of the detection of amphetamines in hair samples, including the pretreatment and analytic methods.
Subject(s)
Humans , Amphetamines/analysis , China , Forensic Toxicology , Hair/chemistry , Substance Abuse DetectionABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES@#To establish the imaging mass spectrometry for analysis of differentially expressed proteins distribution in the rat brains with diffuse axonal injury （DAI） based on matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight imaging mass spectrometry （MALDI-TOF-IMS）.@*METHODS@#MALDI-TOF-IMS scanning were conducted on the brains of DAI group and control group in the m/z range of 1 000 to 20 000 using AutoflexⅢ MALDI-TOF spectrometer. ClinProTool 2.2 software was used for statistical analysis on the data of two groups, and then the differentially expressed proteins were picked out to conduct imaging. The distribution of the proteins with different m/z in the rat brains was observed.@*RESULTS@#Five proteins with different m/z, including 4 963, 5 634, 6 253, 6 714 and 7 532, differentially expressed in the rat brains with DAI.@*CONCLUSIONS@#MALDI-TOF-IMS can be used for studying the differentially expressed proteins in rat brains with DAI and the analysis method is established for exploring the distribution of differentially expressed proteins in the rat brains with DAI using imaging mass spectrometry.
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Brain/pathology , Diffuse Axonal Injury/pathology , Proteins/metabolism , Proteome/metabolism , Proteomics , Software , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-IonizationABSTRACT
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-IMS) has been a classical technique for studying proteomics in present and a tool for analyzing the distribution of proteins and small molecules within biological tissue sections. MALDI-TOF-IMS can analyze multiple unknown compounds in biological tissue sections simultaneously through a single measurement which can obtain molecule imaging of the tissue while maintaining the integrity of cellular and molecules in tissue. In recent years, imaging mass spectrometry technique develops relatively quickly in all biomedical domain. This paper based on the relevant data and reviews the present developing level of MALDI-TOF-IMS, the principle of imaging mass spectrometry, methology and the prospect in forensic pathology.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Diagnostic Imaging , Forensic Sciences/methods , Proteins , Proteomics , Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-IonizationABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To establish a diagnostic model for diffuse axonal injury (DAI) by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). To screen the proteins or peptides associated with DAI for providing the biomarkers with theoretic foundation.@*METHODS@#Fifteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into DAI group (n = 10) and control group (n = 5). The protein or peptide expression profiles of rat brain stem were detected by MALDI-TOF-MS. ClinProTools 2.2 software was used to find specific peaks, and a diagnostic model was established by the genetic algorithm.@*RESULTS@#There were significant differences in 61 peaks of DAI group (P < 0.05), 9 peaks were down-regulated and 52 up-regulated. The diagnostic model was established based on 5 different peaks. The specificity and sensitivity of cross validation was 96.14% and 95.98%; while the specificity and sensitivity of blind validation showed was 73.33% and 70.00%, respectively.@*CONCLUSION@#A specific and sensitive diagnostic model of DAI can be established by MALDI-TOF-MS to provide a potential value for determining DAI in forensic practice.