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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the respiratory pathogens and clinical features in children with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma.@*METHODS@#Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from 225 children with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma, aged <14 years, who attended the outpatient service or were hospitalized from August 2017 to August 2019. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect 12 pathogens, i.e., respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human rhinovirus (HRV), influenza virus A (IFVA), influenza virus B (IFVB), parainfluenza virus types 1-3 (PIV1-3), human metapneumovirus (HMPV), adenovirus (ADV), Bordetella pertussis (BP), Chlamydia pneumoniae (CP), and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP).@*RESULTS@#The overall detection rate of virus was 46.2% (104/225), and 7 kinds of viruses were detected, i.e., HRV (19.6%, 44/225), ADV (16.0%, 36/225), IFVB (5.8%, 13/225), RSV (4.9%, 11/225), IFVA (3.6%, 8/225), PIV3 (1.8%, 4/225), and HMPV (0.4%, 1/225). Of all pathogens, BP had the highest detection rate of 28.4% (64/225), and the detection rates of MP and CP were 16.4% (37/225) and 0.4% (1/225), respectively. The mild exacerbation group had a higher detection rate of BP than the severe exacerbation group (P<0.05), while the severe exacerbation group had significantly higher detection rates of RSV and MP than the mild exacerbation group (P<0.05). There were significant differences in the proportion of children with paroxysmal cough, spasmodic cough, fever, lung rales and abnormal lung imaging findings among the simple BP infection, simple virus infection and simple MP infection groups (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#BP, HRV, and MP are common respiratory pathogens detected in children with acute exacerbation of bronchial asthma, and respiratory virus infection is an important pathogen of acute exacerbation of asthma in children. Acute exacerbation of asthma caused by different pathogens has different clinical features and severities.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Humans , Asthma/diagnosis , Mycoplasma pneumoniae , Pneumonia, Mycoplasma , Respiratory Syncytial Virus, HumanABSTRACT
Objective To compare the clinical efficacy of "golden chicken pecking rice" and flat tonifying diarrhea in the treatment of pediatric spastic cerebral palsy. Methods Totally 90 cases of children with pediatric spastic cerebral palsy diagnosis standard were divided into golden chicken pecking rice group and flat tonifying diarrhea group by random number table method, with 45 cases in each group. Bobath rehabilitation training was used for both groups, 30–60 min each time. Body acupoints were Fengchi, Ganshu, Shenshu, Mingmen, Taixi, Kongzui, Quchi, Hegu, Yanglingquan, Sanyinjiao, Huantiao, Liangqiu, Juegu, and Taichong. Head acupoints were taken from the top midline, top temporal lobe, the top side of line 1, and the top side of line 2. Golden chicken pecking rice group was given "golden chicken pecking rice" needling, and head acupoints were given flat tonifying diarrhea method; flat tonifying diarrhea group was given flat tonifying diarrhea method. Acupuncture and Bobath rehabilitation training were given alternatively, three time per week, 12 times as a course, for 3 courses. GMFCS and GMFM-88 of the two groups before and after treatment were observed. Clinical efficacy was evaluated. Results The GMFCS of both groups were higher after treatment, with statistical significance (P<0.05). GMFM-88 scores in both groups increased after treatment (P<0.05). GMFM-88 score of the golden chicken pecking rice group was significantly higher than that of the flat tonifying diarrhea group, with statistical significance (P<0.05). The total effective rate was 95.6% (43/45) in golden chicken pecking rice group and 88.9% (40/45) in flat tonifying diarrhea group, with statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion Zheng's "golden chicken pecking rice" acupuncture on the treatment of children spastic cerebral palsy with motor dysfunction is with confirmed efficacy, which can obviously improve the motor function of children with cerebral palsy.
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Near-infrared spectroscopy ( NIR ) is widely used in the area of food quantitative and qualitative analysis.Variable selection technique is a critical step of the spectrum modeling with the development of chemometrics.In this study, a novel variable selection strategy, automatic weighting variable combination population analysis (AWVCPA), was proposed.Firstly, binary matrix sampling (BMS) strategy that gives each variable the same chance to be selected and generates different variable combinations, was used to produce a population of subsets to construct a population of sub-models.Then, the variable frequency ( Fre) and partial least squares regression ( Reg) , which were two kinds of information vector ( IVs) were weighted to obtain the value of the contribution of each spectral variables, the influence of two IVs of Rre and Reg was considered to each spectral variable.Finally, it used the exponentially decreasing function ( EDF) to remove the low contribution wavelengths so as to select the characteristic variable.In the case of near infrared spectrum of beer and corn, the prediction model based on partial least squares ( PLS ) was established.Compared with other variable selection methods, the research showed that AWVCPA was the best variable selection strategy in the same situation.It had 72.7% improvement compared AWVCPA-PLS with PLS and the predicted root mean square error (RMSEP) decreased from 0.5348 to 0.1457 on beer dataset.It had 64.7% improvement compared AWVCPA-PLS with PLS and the RMSEP decreased from 0.0702 to 0.0248 on corn dataset.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore Ilizarov technique in treating diabetic foot ulcers with transverse tibial bone movement.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From July 2013 to March 2017, 20 patients with diabetic foot ulcers were treated by transverse tibial bone movement, including 14 males and 6 females aged from 46 years to 61 years with an average of (51.6±6.8) years old. According to Wagner's criteria, 5 patients were Grade III and 15 patients were Grade IV. Amputation level, ulcer healing time, VAS score, foot skin temperature before and after operation, vascular recanalization or reconstruction were observed by CTA of affected limb.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twenty patients followed up from 12 to 58 months with an average of 22.4 months. Foot ulcers were healed from 6 to 18 weeks with an average of (13.2±3.7) weeks. There was no upper movement in the level of necrosis and amputation, and pain was relieved. VAS score was decreased from 5.6±0.8 before operation to 0.9±0.4 after operation at 1 year; skin temperature was increased from(27.9±1.1)°C before operation to (30.9±1.1)°C after operation at 1 year. CTA indicated vessel occluded artery was dredged, and the number of micro-vessel was increased, and vasoganglion of foot was reconstructed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Transverse tibial bone movement by Ilizarov technique could promote angiogenesis, reconstructive of vasoganglion to improve blood circulation of diabetic patients with foot ulcers, promote healing of ulcers, so it is suitable for diabetic patients with foot ulcers occurred on microangiopathy. For patients with severe stenosis or occlusion of trunk artery should be used carefully or combination with interventional therapy.</p>
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Cholestatic liver injury,which is mainly caused by the disruption of bile acids,is common in the clinic.The pathogenesis of cholestatic liver injury is directly related to the changes of bile acid-related transporters,synthetic and metabolic enzymes.Nuclear receptors play a crucial part in cholestatic liver injury by regulating the expression of transporters and metabolic enzymes that maintaining the homeostasis of bile acids.In this review,we focus on the role of hepatic transporters and metabolic enzymes in cholestatic liver injury and the mechanism of nuclear receptors on the regulation of transporters and metabolic enzymes.
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Objective Type 1 diabetes mice model was established to investigate the changes of key enzymes involved in testosterone synthesis in testes of early diabetic mice.Methods Tatolly 20 male C57 mice were randomly divided into two groups:control and diabetic groups,and the diabetes mice were ip administered with a single dose of 150 mg/kg Streptozotocin.Four weeks after confirmation of diabetic model,the serum and testis were collected for further study.The qRT-PCR method was used to measure the expression of LHR and steroidogenesis synthetase StAR,P450scc,3β-HSD6,P450c17a1,and 17β-HSD3 mRNA.ELISA assay was performed to measure the levels of testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) in serum,and the enzymatic activities of 3β-HSD1,1P450c17 and 17β-HSD3 in testis tissue.Results Compared to control group,the levels of testosterone and LH of diabetic group declined significantly (P ＜ 0.05) after four weeks.The mRNA levels of LHR,StAR,CYP11a1,Hsd3b6,CYP17a1 and Hsd17b3,and enzymatic activities of 3β-HSD6,P450c17 and 17β-HSD3 were also decreased significantly compared with control group (P ＜ 0.05,0.01 and 0.001).Conclusion Expression of key enzymes of testosterone synthesis in testis of early diabetic mice decreases significantly.
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"Periocular heat" acupuncture manipulation refers to the application of Zheng Kuishan "warming and unblocking acupuncture method" to treatment for eye diseases and the use of this method at point Fengchi(GB20) to produce a heat sensation and make it reach the periocular position. It is one of characteristic techniques from Gansu Zheng's acupuncture academic school. The main point of its performance is the cooperation between pressing hand and needle-holding hand. The pressing hand is valued to promote periocular arrival of needling sensation, unblock periocular meridian, replenish qi to improve eyesight and activate blood to dissipate stasis. It is clinically used to treat eye diseases such as myopia, amblyopia, xeroma and scleritis.
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Objective· To assess the efficacy of abiraterone acetate (AA) plus prednisone treating metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients and analyze the prognostic factors for this treatment. Methods · The medical history of 112 patients with mCRPC treated in Renji Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, including 70 patients in the chemotherapy-na?ve setting and 42 in the post-chemotherapy setting, were retrospectively reviewed. Coprimary end points were prostate specific antigen progression-free survival (PSA PFS), radiographic PFS (rPFS) and overall survival (OS). Univariable and multivariable Cox analyses were performed to determine prognostic factors that were associated with PSA PFS, rPFS and OS. Results · At a median follow-up of 20.2 months, 59 (52.7%) patients had died. The median PSA PFS, rPFS and OS were 8.9 (7.8~10.0) months, 9.7 (9.0~10.4) months, and 22.2 (20.3~24.1) months, respectively. In multivariate analysis, previous chemotherapy, neutrophil lymphocyte ratio(≥3 vs<3),serum lactate dehydrogenase level(≥196 U/L vs<196 U/L)and ECOG PS(≤?1 vs 2)were independent predictors for PSA PFS and rPFS,and previous chemotherapy,ECOG PS(≤?1 vs 2)remained significant predictors for OS. Conclusion·These results further support the favourable profile of AA plus prednisone in patients with mCRPC in China.Previous chemotherapy,ECOG PS(≤?1 vs 2)remained significant predictors for OS.
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Objective To investigate the etiological agents of the outbreak of hand,foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Minhang District of Shanghai from 2009 to 2016,and to provide evidence for the prevention and management policy of HFMD by collecting suspected HFMD samples for laboratory testing from HFMD sentinel hospitals,the Children's Hospitals of Fudan University and jurisdiction community health service centers.Methods Specimens including stools,throat swabs and anal swabs were collected from patients suspected of HFMD from surveillance hospitals,i.e.,Children's Hospital of Fudan University and jurisdiction community health service centers during 2009 and 2016.The specimens were detected by real-time RT-PCR with the five types of viruses including panenterovirus (EV),enterovirus 71 (EV71),Coxsackie virus A16 (CVA16),Coxsackie virus A6 (CVA6) and Coxsackie virus A10 (CVA10).The distribution characteristics of pathogens were analyzed.Results During 2009 and 2016 we collected 3 744 cases of HFMD,the positive detection rate of pan-enterovirus were 84.83％ (3 176 cases),including EV71 (64.45％) and CVA16 (15.77％),then were CVA6 (9.23％) and other EV (8.78％),and CVA10 was only 0.76％.The major etiological agent was EV71.The advantage of different years and different season strain presented dynamic change,mainly EV71 and CVA16 co-popular in 2009,mainly EV71 epidemic from 2010 to 2011,EV71 and CVA16 were co-popular again in 2012,and the priority was EV71,then EV71 and other EV were co-popular in 2013.After 2014,CVA6 gradually increased,mainly CVA6 was popular 2015 and 2016,especially in 2016,the proportion of CVA6 ranged as high as 40.55％.CVA10 showed sporadic distribution trend in very low proportion.From the difference of age and gender in HFMD cases,the males were more than the females (1.68 ∶ 1),and the incidence was the highest in children of 1-3 years old.The peak of incidence occured in April to July,then in September to November.Conclusions HFMD onset seasons mainly were summer and fall-and-winter in bimodal popular models.It happens in children under 5 years of age.The incidence was higher in male than in female.The advantage of different years and different season strains present dynamic change,and the prevalence has obvious age and season limit.
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Objective To investigate the band pattern characteristics of Western bolt (WB) by analyzingthe change of anti-virus antibodies from patients with different clinical stages of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection.Methods Antibodies were detected by WB test,CD4+ T cells by flow cytometer.Results Among 208 cases,193 male cases accounted for 92.79％,and 163 cases of men who have sex with men (MSM) accounted for 78.37％.The antibodies against viral protein gp160,gp120,gp41,p66,p51,p31,p24 showed high positive rates,and no significant different was detected across different clinical stages.The positive rate of p55 antibody,encoding by gag gene,was significantly higher in those HIV positive individuals infected via homosexual compared with HIV-1 positive individuals through heterosexual contact (P＜0.05).The 5 common WB bands patterns were as following:all bands①,missing p55②,missing p39③,missing p55 + p39④ and missing p39 + p55 + p17⑤.Primary stage infection group showed the highest appearance rate of all bands (44.2％).Conclusions The WB bands patterns and CD4+ T lymphocyte counts can help to judge immune status,determine disease stages and monitor disease progression.We should take effective measures for the MSM and floating population.
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Objective To investigate the epidemiological and pathogenic characteristics of viral diarrhea in Minhang District of Shanghai.Methods Random sampling on diarrhea was conducted in intestinal outpatient departments of 2 sentinel hospitals according to a certain sampling interval in Minhang District from 2014 to 2016.Real-time PCR was used to detect rotavirus (RV),norovirus (NV),adenovirus (AD),astrovirus (AstV) and sapovirus (SaV) in fecal samples.Results A total of 11 243 cases of diarrhea were monitored in 2 sentinel hospitals during 2014 and 2016,with 3 213,3 600 and 4 430 cases for each year,respectively.Out of 809 stool specimens,309 were tested positively,and the positive rate was 38.48％.All 5 pathogenic viruses were detected,mostly NV (207 cases,66.99％)followed by RV (77 cases,24.92％).Conclusions NV accounted for the majority of reported infection diarrhea cases in Minhang District of Shanghai from 2014 to 2016,with significant seasonal peaks.Tailored prevention and control measures should be carried out,particularly in risk seasons.
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Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics of influenza in Minhang District of Shanghai during 2013-2016,so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of influenza.Methods Surveillance data of influenza like illness (ILI) cases from the national influenza network and data of pathogen detection during 2013-2016 in Minhang District were selected to analyze the epidemic characteristics of influenza.Results The number of influenza like illness (ILI) was 37 738 from 2013 to 2016,which accounted for 0.90％ of the outpatients in monthly average.Meanwhile,4 094 samples were collected,among which 857 samples were virus positive.The total isolation rate was 20.93％.In 2013,the dominant strain was mainly seasonal influenza A (H3N2).Dominant strains of 2014 were influenza B (Yamagata) and seasonal influenza A (H3N2).In 2015,dominant strain was seasonal influenza A (H3N2) of summer peak,but the dominant strains of winter-spring peak were new type influenza H1N1 (H1N1 pdm09) and influenza B (Victoria) from December 2015 to April 2016.The dominant strain of winter peak in 2016 was seasonal influenza A (H3N2) popular.Spearman correlation analysis showed positive rate between ILI visiting rate (ILI％) and influenza virus (rs =0.460,P＜0.05).Conclusions The epidemic peaks of of influenza were winter-spring and summer in Minhang District,advantages strains were interaction pandemic with certain regulation.The characteristics of ILI visiting rate was coincident with influenza virus activity.
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Objective To investigate the etiological agents of the outbreak of hand,foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Minhang District of Shanghai from 2009 to 2016,and to provide evidence for the prevention and management policy of HFMD by collecting suspected HFMD samples for laboratory testing from HFMD sentinel hospitals,the Children's Hospitals of Fudan University and jurisdiction community health service centers.Methods Specimens including stools,throat swabs and anal swabs were collected from patients suspected of HFMD from surveillance hospitals,i.e.,Children's Hospital of Fudan University and jurisdiction community health service centers during 2009 and 2016.The specimens were detected by real-time RT-PCR with the five types of viruses including panenterovirus (EV),enterovirus 71 (EV71),Coxsackie virus A16 (CVA16),Coxsackie virus A6 (CVA6) and Coxsackie virus A10 (CVA10).The distribution characteristics of pathogens were analyzed.Results During 2009 and 2016 we collected 3 744 cases of HFMD,the positive detection rate of pan-enterovirus were 84.83％ (3 176 cases),including EV71 (64.45％) and CVA16 (15.77％),then were CVA6 (9.23％) and other EV (8.78％),and CVA10 was only 0.76％.The major etiological agent was EV71.The advantage of different years and different season strain presented dynamic change,mainly EV71 and CVA16 co-popular in 2009,mainly EV71 epidemic from 2010 to 2011,EV71 and CVA16 were co-popular again in 2012,and the priority was EV71,then EV71 and other EV were co-popular in 2013.After 2014,CVA6 gradually increased,mainly CVA6 was popular 2015 and 2016,especially in 2016,the proportion of CVA6 ranged as high as 40.55％.CVA10 showed sporadic distribution trend in very low proportion.From the difference of age and gender in HFMD cases,the males were more than the females (1.68 ∶ 1),and the incidence was the highest in children of 1-3 years old.The peak of incidence occured in April to July,then in September to November.Conclusions HFMD onset seasons mainly were summer and fall-and-winter in bimodal popular models.It happens in children under 5 years of age.The incidence was higher in male than in female.The advantage of different years and different season strains present dynamic change,and the prevalence has obvious age and season limit.
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Objective To investigate the band pattern characteristics of Western bolt (WB) by analyzingthe change of anti-virus antibodies from patients with different clinical stages of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection.Methods Antibodies were detected by WB test,CD4+ T cells by flow cytometer.Results Among 208 cases,193 male cases accounted for 92.79％,and 163 cases of men who have sex with men (MSM) accounted for 78.37％.The antibodies against viral protein gp160,gp120,gp41,p66,p51,p31,p24 showed high positive rates,and no significant different was detected across different clinical stages.The positive rate of p55 antibody,encoding by gag gene,was significantly higher in those HIV positive individuals infected via homosexual compared with HIV-1 positive individuals through heterosexual contact (P＜0.05).The 5 common WB bands patterns were as following:all bands①,missing p55②,missing p39③,missing p55 + p39④ and missing p39 + p55 + p17⑤.Primary stage infection group showed the highest appearance rate of all bands (44.2％).Conclusions The WB bands patterns and CD4+ T lymphocyte counts can help to judge immune status,determine disease stages and monitor disease progression.We should take effective measures for the MSM and floating population.
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Objective To investigate the epidemiological and pathogenic characteristics of viral diarrhea in Minhang District of Shanghai.Methods Random sampling on diarrhea was conducted in intestinal outpatient departments of 2 sentinel hospitals according to a certain sampling interval in Minhang District from 2014 to 2016.Real-time PCR was used to detect rotavirus (RV),norovirus (NV),adenovirus (AD),astrovirus (AstV) and sapovirus (SaV) in fecal samples.Results A total of 11 243 cases of diarrhea were monitored in 2 sentinel hospitals during 2014 and 2016,with 3 213,3 600 and 4 430 cases for each year,respectively.Out of 809 stool specimens,309 were tested positively,and the positive rate was 38.48％.All 5 pathogenic viruses were detected,mostly NV (207 cases,66.99％)followed by RV (77 cases,24.92％).Conclusions NV accounted for the majority of reported infection diarrhea cases in Minhang District of Shanghai from 2014 to 2016,with significant seasonal peaks.Tailored prevention and control measures should be carried out,particularly in risk seasons.
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Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics of influenza in Minhang District of Shanghai during 2013-2016,so as to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of influenza.Methods Surveillance data of influenza like illness (ILI) cases from the national influenza network and data of pathogen detection during 2013-2016 in Minhang District were selected to analyze the epidemic characteristics of influenza.Results The number of influenza like illness (ILI) was 37 738 from 2013 to 2016,which accounted for 0.90％ of the outpatients in monthly average.Meanwhile,4 094 samples were collected,among which 857 samples were virus positive.The total isolation rate was 20.93％.In 2013,the dominant strain was mainly seasonal influenza A (H3N2).Dominant strains of 2014 were influenza B (Yamagata) and seasonal influenza A (H3N2).In 2015,dominant strain was seasonal influenza A (H3N2) of summer peak,but the dominant strains of winter-spring peak were new type influenza H1N1 (H1N1 pdm09) and influenza B (Victoria) from December 2015 to April 2016.The dominant strain of winter peak in 2016 was seasonal influenza A (H3N2) popular.Spearman correlation analysis showed positive rate between ILI visiting rate (ILI％) and influenza virus (rs =0.460,P＜0.05).Conclusions The epidemic peaks of of influenza were winter-spring and summer in Minhang District,advantages strains were interaction pandemic with certain regulation.The characteristics of ILI visiting rate was coincident with influenza virus activity.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prevalence of human bocavirus (HBoV) in children with acute lower respiratory tract infection and to explore the relationship between the viral load of HBoV and the clinical characteristics of acute lower respiratory tract infection in children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 1 554 nasopharyngeal aspirates from children who were hospitalized due to acute lower respiratory tract infection between March 2011 and March 2014 were collected. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to detect 12 RNA and 2 DNA viruses, adenovirus (ADV) and HBoV, and to measure the viral load of HBoV in HBoV-positive children. A comprehensive analysis was performed with reference to clinical symptoms and indicators.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the 1 554 specimens, 1 212 (77.99%) were positive for viruses, and 275 (17.70%) were HBoV-positive. In HBoV-positive cases, 94.9% were aged <3 years, and there were more males than females. In the 275 HBoV-positive cases, 45 (16.36%) had single infection, and 230 (83.64%) had mixed infection. There was no significant difference in viral load between children with single infection and mixed infection (P>0.05). The patients with fever had a significantly higher viral load than those without fever (P<0.05). The children with wheezing had a significantly higher viral load than those without wheezing (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in viral load between children with mild, moderate, and severe acute lower respiratory tract infection (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>HBoV is one of the important pathogens of acute lower respiratory tract infection in children. Children with a higher viral load of HBoV are more likely to experience symptoms such as fever and wheezing. However, the severity of disease and mixed infection are not significantly related to viral load.</p>
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Acute Disease , Human bocavirus , Respiratory Tract Infections , Virology , Viral LoadABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Since 2010, two versions of National Guidelines aimed at promoting the management of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) have been formulated by the Chinese Society of Cardiology. However, little is known about the changes in clinical characteristics, management, and in-hospital outcomes in rural areas.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In the present multicenter, cross-sectional study, participants were enrolled from rural hospitals located in Liaoning province in Northeast China, during two different periods (from June 2009 to June 2010 and from January 2015 to December 2015). Data collection was conducted using a standardized questionnaire. In total, 607 and 637 STEMI patients were recruited in the 2010 and 2015 cohorts, respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>STEMI patients in rural hospitals were older in the second group (63 years vs. 65 years, P = 0.039). We found increases in the prevalence of hypertension, prior percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and prior stroke. Over the past 5 years, the cost during hospitalization almost doubled. The proportion of STEMI patients who underwent emergency reperfusion had significantly increased from 42.34% to 54.47% (P < 0.0001). Concurrently, the proportion of primary PCI increased from 3.62% to 10.52% (P < 0.0001). The past 5 years have also seen marked increases in the use of guideline-recommended drugs and clinical examinations. However, in-hospital mortality and major adverse cardiac events did not significantly change over time (13.01% vs. 10.20%, P = 0.121; 13.34% vs. 13.66%, P = 0.872).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Despite the great progress that has been made in guideline-recommended therapies, in-hospital outcomes among rural STEMI patients have not significantly improved. Therefore, there is still substantial room for improvement in the quality of care.</p>
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , China , Epidemiology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Hospital Mortality , Hospitals , Percutaneous Coronary Intervention , ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction , Epidemiology , Mortality , General Surgery , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the relationship between nasal carriage and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection in hospitalized children.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty-six hospitalized children infected with S. aureus were recruited in this study. Nasal swabs were collected and cultured, and the nasal carriage rate of S. aureus was examined. PVL virulence gene and mecA resistance gene were both detected in clinical strains and nasal carriage strains by PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twenty-two (39%) of the 56 children had nasal carriage of S. aureus, and most of them (18 cases) were younger than one year. Among these 22 children, 11 (50%) had previous hospitalization over the past year. In the infected strains, the rate of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was 29% (16/56), while it was 32% (7/22) in carriage strains. The mecA positive results in clinical strains were consistent with the results in nasal carriage strains. Among 5 PVL-positive nasal carriage strains, 4 (90%) could be matched with their clinical strains, all of which were MRSA.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Nasal carriage is a potential risk factor for S. aureus infection. Nosocomial transmission may lead to nasal carriage, which can cause S. aureus infection. The isolation rate of MRSA is high in hospitalized children infected with S. aureus, which implies that more attention is needed for this situation. The isolates from noses may be clonally identical to the isolates from clinical secretions, and the homology between them needs to be confirmed by multi-locus sequence typing.</p>
Subject(s)
Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Bacterial Proteins , Genetics , Carrier State , Microbiology , Child, Hospitalized , Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus , Nose , Microbiology , Penicillin-Binding Proteins , Staphylococcal Infections , Microbiology , Staphylococcus aureusABSTRACT
Icaritin, a prenylflavonoid derivative from Epimedium Genus, has been shown to exhibit many pharmacological and biological activities. However, the function and the underlying mechanisms of icaritin in human non-small cell lung cancer have not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the anticancer effects of icaritin on A549 cells and explore the underlying molecular mechanism. The cell viability after icaritin treatment was tested by MTT assay. The cell cycle distribution, apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were analyzed by flow cytometry. The mRNA and protein expression levels of the genes involved in proliferation and apoptosis were respectively detected by RT-PCR and Western blotting. The results demonstrated that icaritin induced cell cycle arrest at S phase, and down-regulated the expression levels of S regulatory proteins such as Cyclin A and CDK2. Icaritin also induced cell apoptosis characterized by positive Hoechst 33258 staining, accumulation of the Annexin V-positive cells, increased ROS level and alteration in Bcl-2 family proteins expression. Moreover, icaritin induced sustained phosphorylation of ERK and p38 MAPK. These findings suggested that icaritin might be a new potent inhibitor by inducing S phase arrest and apoptosis in human lung carcinoma A549 cells.