ABSTRACT
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of chronic idiopathic colorectal inflammatory diseases with a progressive and unpredictable course, including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Abnormal intestinal inflammation and immune response contribute to the pathogenesis of IBD. Autophagy as an essential catabolic process in cells, has been demonstrated to have associations with a variety of inflammatory diseases including IBD. Here, we review the relationship between autophagy dysfunction and the process of IBD. The progress of several autophagy regulators for intestinal epithelial cells and macrophages is highlighted (inflammasome inhibitors, intestinal flora regulators, and other signal regulators) in the current studies on IBD.
ABSTRACT
Theophylline is one of the most widely prescribed drugs worldwide for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),and it has been used clinically for more than 80 years. Due to the many adverse reactions and narrow therapeutic window,theophylline and its derivatives have gradually become the third or fourth options in clinical treatment of asthma,especially after the application of inhaled glucocorticoids and β2-ceptor agonists in asthma with good therapeutic effect. However,with the further elucidation of asthma pathogenesis and the in-depth study of theophylline's mechanism of action,as well as the development of specific drug formulations of theophylline such as sustained-release and controlled-release dosage forms,the therapeutic position of theophylline in asthma treatment has been consolidated and understood in a new way. In this paper,the pharmacology and pharmacokinetic parts of "Expert Consensus on the Safe and Rational Use of Aminophylline in Children" are explained in detail,so as to provide reference for rational application of aminophylline in pediatrics.