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Objective:The chemical differences of Lycii Fructus samples from Qinghai, Ningxia, Gansu, Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia provinces were compared based on proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) plant metabolomics. Method:A total of 97 Lycii Fructus samples from five provinces were collected, including 61 samples in Qinghai, and extracted by 50% methanol for detecting. 1H-NMR spectra were obtained and compared by multivariate statistical analysis for investigating the chemical differences of samples from Qinghai and other production areas. And the content of Lycii Fructus polysaccharides in all samples was determined with the wavelength of 490 nm (calculated by anhydrous glucose). Result:A total of 32 chemical components were detected in the Lycii Fructus extract by 1H-NMR. The multivariate statistical analysis revealed that there was no significant difference among the samples from five provinces. The difference between Lycii Fructus from Qinghai and Ningxia, as well as the samples among the six regions of Qinghai province were relatively small. The similarity values of the majority of samples were >0.85. Univariate analysis showed that no significant difference was observed for the most metabolites in Lycii Fructus collected from five provinces, except for sucrose, glucose, proline and so on. There was no significant difference in the content of Lycii Fructus polysaccharides between Qinghai and other provinces. And the correlation coefficient between the content of Lycii Fructus polysaccharides and the small molecular compounds identified by 1H-NMR was -0.2-0.4. Conclusion:In this study, chemical characteristics of Lycii Fructus in Qinghai province are analyzed from the holistic view by 1H-NMR plant metabolomics, in combination of polysaccharide determination, and the results show that there is no significant difference between samples from Qinghai and other four provinces. The quality evaluation method based on 1H-NMR established in this study can provide scientific basis for improving quality control level and selecting planting areas of Lycii Fructus.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the treatment for patients with major vascular injuries associated with traumatic orthopedic injuries.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 196 patients, aged from 4-67 years with the mean age of 29.88 years, had major vascular injuries associated with traumatic orthopedic injuries and were treated in our hospital in a period of 44 years. The most common mechanism of trauma was blunt trauma (67.3%), open injuries accounted for 32.4% and 54.5% of the injuries were located in the lower extremities. The vascular injury frequently happened in the femoral artery (26.7%) and popliteal artery (20.3%). The treatment principle consisted of aggressive resuscitation, Doppler imaging and stable bone internal fixation with subsequent vascular repair and debridement. The vascular repair for injuries included end-to-end anastomosis (80 cases, 39.6%), interpositional vein graft (94, 46.5%), vascular decompression through fracture distraction (18, 8.9%), arterial ligation (6, 3.0%), vein patch (2, 1.0%), bypass graft (2, 1.0%), venous repair including autogenous vein graft (9, 24.3%) and ligation (28, 75.7%) and prophylactical fasciotomy (15, 7.4%). Postoperative amputation was performed in 16 cases (16.3%).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No intraoperative death was observed and all fractures united within 6 months. Limbs were salvaged in 180 patients (91.8%). Among these patients, early complications were found in 19 patients (9.7%) and late complications were observed in 8 patients (4.1%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>A well-organized approach, based on a specific treatment principle, not only improves clinical outcome but also does good to excellent functional recovery for patients with severe orthopedic injuries and concomitant vascular lesion.</p>