ABSTRACT
As requested by both central government and Guangdong provincial government on the reform to separate drug prescribing and dispensing,Shenzhen has introduced its 1 + 6 comprehensive program.Breaking through from the drug price addition system,the program stages such six measures as the health service payment system reform,the compensation system reform among public hospitals,reform of the competition mechanism between pharmaceutical distribution enterprises and hospital pharmacies,reform of drug procurement methods,investigation and punishment of commercial briberies in drug purchase,and enhanced supervision of public hospitals.The paper detailed these measures and explained these innovative practices.
ABSTRACT
[Objective]This study was designed to investigate the effects of 5-aminoimidasole-4-carboxamide ribonucleoside (AICAR)on activity of transcription factor Forkhead O 3a(FOXO3a)and expression of ubiquitin ligase muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx),and to explore the role of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)on proteolysis pathways in eardiomyocytes.[Methods]The effect of AICAR on activation of AMPK was observed.Cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes was treated with AICAR in different concentration.Cultured cardiomyocytes were then divided into three groups:control group,AICAR group,AICAR+Compound C group.Effects of AMPK activation on phosphorylation of FOXO3a and expression of MAFbx in cardiomyocytes were detected using Western blot.[Results]①Compared with control group,activity of AMPK in cultured cardiomyocytes was increased after treatment with 0.25 mmol/L or 0.5 mmol/L AICAR for 6 h(P＜0.05),and the activity of AMPK was further enhanced after treatment with 1.0 mmol/L or 2.0 mmol/L AICAR for 6 h(P＜0.01).②Activation of AMPK by AICAR significantly increased the transcriptional activity of FOXO3a(P＜0.01),and enhanced MAFbx protein expression in cardiomyocytes when comparing with control group(P＜0.01),however,specific AMPK antagonist Compound C markedly reversed these effects induced by AICAR.[Conclusion]AMPK may regulate cardiomyocytes proteolysis by activation of FOXO3a transcription factor,and up-regulation of MAFbx protein expression.