ABSTRACT
Objective:To observe any effect of intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) on the spatially-delayed responses of working memory using cynomolgus macaques.Methods:The working memory of six male cynomolgus macaques (8-9 years old) was trained using a spatially-delayed response task. They were then randomly divided into an iTBS group and a control group, each of 3. The iTBS group was given iTBS at an intensity of 35% of the maximum output, with 2 seconds of stimulation followed by 8 seconds of rest with trains of 50Hz bursts repeated at a frequency of 5Hz over a period of 192 seconds once daily for 5 days, while the control group was given sham iTBS. Before and after the 5 days, the body weight and working memory of each animal were evaluated. The total number of effective feeding episodes, and of effective feeding episodes with short and long delay periods were recorded.Results:There was no significant change in the average body weight of either group before and after the modeling and iTBS intervention. After the intervention the number of total effective feeding cases and those with a short delay period were both significantly higher in the iTBS group than in the control group. However, no significant inter-group differences in the effective feeding cases with a long delay period were observed.Conclusions:iTBS is effective in improving the spatially-delayed responses of working memory, at least in cynomolgus macaques.
ABSTRACT
@#Objective To analyze the feasibility of six-minute walk test (6MWT) before pulmonary lobectomy and prediction for postoperative outcome. Methods A total of 580 patients who were hospitalized in the department of lung surgery from May, 2017 to May, 2019 were reviewed, and 274 eligible patients were selected, who underwent first surgery and the surgical method was pulmonary lobectomy. They were divided into two groups based on the results of 6MWT before operation. The cut-off value of six-minute walk distance (6MWD) was obtained by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) area under curve (AUC). The postoperative outcome and the occurrence of cardiopulmonary complications in the two groups were analyzed. Results Compared to patients with 6MWD > 449 meters, the age was significantly older (P < 0.001), the forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) was poor in patients with 6MWD ≤ 449 meters (P < 0.05), and other factors such as surgical resection site, pathological stage, gender, etc., were not significantly different (P > 0.05). The incidence of postoperative cardiopulmonary complications was significantly higher (OR = 2.672, 95%CI 1.488 to 4.798, P = 0.002), and the postoperative extubation time and hospital stay was longer in patients with 6MWD ≤ 449 meters than in patients with 6MWD > 449 meters (P < 0.05). 6MWD ≤ 449 meters was an independent risk factor for postoperative cardiopulmonary complications (OR = 2.395, 95%CI 1.299 to 4.415, P = 0.005). Conclusion As a simple function test, 6MWT can be routinely used to assess the physiological function of patients undergoing pulmonary lobectomy. Patients with 6MWD ≤ 449 meters may be in higher risks of postoperative cardiopulmonary complications.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the effect of the modified balloon dilatation intervention on the pharyngeal constriction function of the brainstem stroke survivors with dysphagia using videofluoroscopy-based digital analysis.Methods Thirty brainstem stroke survivors with pharyngeal dysphagia were recruited and randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group,with 15 in each.The treatment group was treated with the modified balloon dilatation in addition to the routine treatment of 30min,respectively,once a daily,3 days a week,whiled a control group was treated with routine treatment of 30min twice a day,3 days a week.Before and after the treatment,the rate and duration of pharyngeal constriction were measured in both groups.Results After the treatment,the rate of pharyngeal constriction in the treatment group was (0.20 ± 0.030),(0.14 ± 0.05) and (0.15 ± 0.04) when swallowing thin liquid,thick liquid and pasty food,significantly better than before the treatment.The duration of the pharyngeal constriction was (990.34 ±96.14),(1010.47 ± 133.64) and (1180.10 ± 121.27) ms,respectively,also significantly better than before the treatment.In the control group,significant differences were also observed in the rate and duration of pharyngeal constriction before and after the treatment.Conclusions Digital analysis based on videofluoroscopy can be used to quantify swallowing function effectively,and the rate and duration of pharyngeal constriction can be used to evaluate the pharyngeal function before and after treatment.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the effects of virtual reality prism adaptation on visuospatial neglect in stroke patients.Methods Thirty stroke patients with visuospatial neglect were studied.The subjects were divided into atreatment group and a control group.The subjects in the treatment group were treated with virtual reality prism adaptation and routine rehabilitation interventions for 2 weeks,while those in the control group were treated with routine rehabilitation interventions only.All the patients performed a battery of spatial attention tests including line bisection,letter cancellation,clock drawing and the Attention Network Test at the beginning and after 2 weeks of treatment.Results The virtual reality prism adaptation training had significant positive effects on all the measures of visuospatial neglect.Pair-wise comparisons confirmed significant differences between the treatment and control groups after 2 weeks of treatment with regard to all of the measures.Conclusions Virtual reality prism adaptation treatzment combined with routine rehabilitation can be more effective than conventional measures alone in improving the visuospatial performance of stroke survivors.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:Total hip arthroplasty is known to be a successful surgical procedure to al eviate hip pain and to regain gait ability, but there are many debates on whether patients’ gait could reach a normal level several years later. OBJECTIVE:To investigate spatiotemporal parameter characters of lower extremities in patients during walking in sequela period fol owing unilateral total hip arthroplasty, and to probe into patients’ walking abilities. METHODS:In accordance with the method of Case Database Data Analysis detected by Motion Reconstruction Laboratory, 14 patients at 5-10 years after total hip arthroplasty served as the experimental group, and 14 matched healthy persons served as the control group. Gait parameters of lower extremities during walking were col ected by Vicon Nexus. Spatiotemporal parameter characters of lower extremities during gait cycle were analyzed by using Polygon. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the control group, walking speed, cadence, stride length and step length decreased, but double support and opposite foot off increased on both affected and unaffected sides in the experimental group (P0.05). The results suggested that gaits of patients showed good gait symmetry at 5-10 years after surgery. However, they do not reach the level that observed in healthy subjects, and walking ability was poorer than normal persons. Systematic rehabilitation training is needed to improve walking ability.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:Most stroke patients affected walking dysfunction. Virtual reality-enhanced body weight-supported treadmil training has been proposed as a strategy for gait training of cerebral infarction subjects. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness of virtual reality-enhanced body weight-supported treadmil training on lower limb motor function in subacute cerebral infarction patients. METHODS:Twenty cerebral infarction patients (within 3 months of onset) were randomly divided into experiment group (virtual reality-enhanced body weight-supported treadmil training) and control group (conventional physiotherapy). Three-dimensional gait analysis in lower limb motor function was carried out before and after 3-week gait training. Intergroup and intragroup comparisons in the fol owing parameters were done before and after training:walking speed, cadence, step time, single limb support time (%), double limb support time (%), nonparetic swing (%), step length, pace, range of motion in the lower limb, functional ambulation category, Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the lower limbs and Brunel Balance Assessment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:No significant differences in patient’s gender, age, course of disease, affected. side, walking speed, functional ambulation category, Fugl-Meyer Assessment of the lower limbs and Brunel Balance Assessment were detected between the two groups before training (P>0.05). Fugl-Meyer Assessment and functional ambulation category were improved in patients of the two groups after training (P<0.05). The improvement in walking speed, cadence, step time in affected side, step time in healthy side, single limb support time in affected side (%), nonparetic swing (%), pace, step lengths in affected and healthy sides were better in the experimental group than those in the control group.
ABSTRACT
Objective To observe the effects of bolus volume on pharyngeal and upper esophageal sphincter pressures and durations in healthy volunteers by using high-resolution manometry (HRM).Methods Twentyfour health subjects were recruited and asked to swallow three volumes of bolus (3 ml,5 ml and 10 ml) in the neutral head position.Pressure and duration measurements were acquired by utilizing a high-resolution solid-state manometer,with an emphasis on the hypopharynx and upper esophageal sphincter (UES).Variables including UES residual pressure,UES relaxation duration,maximum hypopharygeal pressure and hypopharyngeal pressure duration were analyzed across bolus volumes and consistencies by using three-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) to investigate influence of bolus volume.Results UES residual pressure [-1.71 mmHg(3 ml thick liquid)vs.-4.68 mmHg(10 ml thick liquid)],UES relaxation duration[590.45 ms(3 ml thick liquid) vs.702.49 ms (10 ml thick liquid)],maximum hypopharygeal pressure [169.91 mmHg (3 ml thick liquid) vs.204.42 mmHg (10 ml thick liquid)] and hypopharyngeal pressure duration(P ＜0.05) varied significantly across bolus volumes when swallowing water or thick liquid.The UES relaxation duration,UES residual pressure and maximum hypopharyngeal pressure had a direct positive relationship with bolus volume.There was significant differences with regard to UES relaxation duration [685.75 ms(3 ml paste)vs.772.27 ms (10 ml paste)] but not to UES residual pressure (P ＞ 0.05) and maximum hypopharyngeal pressure (P ＞ 0.05) across bolus volume when swallowing paste.Conclusions Difference in hypopharyngeal pressure and duration,UES residual pressure and duration were detected across varying bolus volumes.Consideration of these variables is paramount in understanding normal and pathological swallowing.
ABSTRACT
Objective To seek more direct evidence of the role of the posterior parietal cortex (PPC) in controlling visuospatial attention.Methods Forty healthy subjects took the Attention Network Test following continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS) applied over the left or right PPC or sham stimulation.The Attention Network Test measures the alerting,orienting and executive control components of visual attention separately.Results Subjects responded to spatial cues significantly slower after cTBS.Alerting and orienting showed deficits after cTBS over the right PPC.cTBS over the left PPC resulted in significant improvements in alerting,but not in the orienting.Furthermore,there were significant differences in the alerting and orienting indices between cTBS over the left and right PPC,but not in the executive control index.Conclusions The results suggest that the right PPC is associated with spatial orienting and the alerting function.The findings supported the theory of inter-hemispheric competition for visuospatial attention.Visuospatial attention bias might be selectively modulated through cTBS.
ABSTRACT
Objective To probe deficits in visuospatial attention using an attention network test (ANT) in patients with frontoparietal network lesions. Methods The ANT was used to measure the alertness, orienting and executive control abilities of 25 patients with local brain lesions, including 13 with frontal and 12 with parietal damage. Their results were compared with those of health adults. Results During ANT tasks, the patients' responses were significantly slower on each cue and target condition than controls', and showed deficits in their alerting and orienting networks. The efficiency of executive control was impaired in patients with frontal lesions, but increased with parietal lesions. Conclusions These findings suggest that the frontoparietal network is involved in alerting and orienting, but the executive control function may be selectively associated with the frontal lobe. ANT is an efficienttool for studying visual attention and cognition.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate any correlation between walking capacity, center of mass, and pelvic and hemiparetic lower limb motions in stroke survivors. Methods The kinematic variables studied included maximum walking speed, center of mass ( CoM ), pelvic movements and lower-limb movements on the paretic side. These were examined using a three-dimension motion analysis system as thirty-two post-stroke hemiparetic patients walked without aids. Results Average walking capacity was significantly correlated with lateral shifting of the CoM, with paretic limb hip extension, and with deficient knee flexion motions. There was a significant correlation between lateral CoM shifting and paretic limb hip extension and also deficient knee movement. Conclusions Walking capacity after stroke is associated with the lateral shifting of the CoM, paretic limb hip extension and deficient knee flexion. The lateral CoM shifting was associated with paretic limb hip extension and deficient knee movements.
ABSTRACT
@#Objective To identify the differences in the status of rehabilitation demands of adults with different disability grades so as to seek out the beneficial strategies of rehabilitation for them.Methods The data on the rehabilitation demands of persons with different disability grades in every category of disabilities had been collected from the province of Guangdong in the Second National Sampling Survey of People with Disability.Results There were significant differences in the rehabilitation needs among persons with different disabilities grade in visual, hearing, physical, intelligence disabilities. There were no significant differences in the rehabilitation needs among persons with different disabilities grade in speech, mental disabilities.Conclusion The more severe disability the persons have the more medicine services they need，however，they little asked for other rehabilitation demands such as rehabilitation services, assistive device and so on.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: At present, there are some reports regarding the treatment of high-energy shockwave to chronic pain of muscle and born joint, however,the therapeutic effects and mechanism are still uncertain and need further discussion.OBJECTIVE: To explore the curative effects, mechanism and clinical application of high energy shockwave to bone joint myofascitis.DESIGN: Non-randomized case controlled study based on diagnosis SETTING: Rehabilitation Medicine Department of First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 90 patients with chronic pain of muscle and bone joint treated in Rehabilitation Medicine Department of First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from July 2001 to April 2002 were divided into treatment group and control group each with 45 cases by the order of visiting time. There were 17 males and 28 females in the treatment group with mean age of 54 years and 15 males and 30 females in the control group with mean age of 63 years.METHODS: Shockwave therapy was applied to the treatment group while routine physical treatment was conducted to the control group. Simple McGill pain questionnaire(MPQ) was used to evaluate the general reactions of patients to pain and assess the shoulder joint territory and clinical effects.therapeutic effects.RESULTS: There was significant difference on sensory, affective and pain score, visual analogous scale(VAS) and pain presentation inventory(PPI) before and after treatment in the treatment group( t =5.69, 5.67, 7.06, 8.37,6. 21, P ＜ 0.01 ). When compared with control group, there was significant difference on sensory, pain score, VAS between the treatment group and control group(t =4. 66, P ＜ 0.01; t =2.52,3.40, P ＜0.05).CONCLUSION: Extracorporeal high-energy shockwave has reliable effects on treating chronic pain caused by bone joint myofascitis, which is characterized by its effective, quick and safe features.