ABSTRACT
Simmering method is one of the traditional processing methods of Chinese materia medica， which has been documented in the herbal literature and medical books of the past dynasties and has a great variety， but at present， there are not many specific varieties of Chinese materia medica involved， and there are few related researches. By reviewing the ancient and modern related information， the authors have organized and analyzed the historical evolution， processing purpose， modern representative Chinese materia medica（processing technology， quality evaluation， pharmacological research） of simmering method. After sorting out， it was found that the simmering method was widely used in ancient times， which was first seen in Huashi Zhongzangjing of the Eastern Han dynasty， and was enriched and developed through the Tang， Song， Jin， Yuan， Ming and Qing dynasties， and entered its heyday in Ming and Qing dynasties along with the economic prosperity and development of the Ming dynasty， involving as many as 159 varieties of Chinese materia medica， and gradually perfecting the processing theory of the simmering method. However， the number of varieties that still use the simmering method in modern times significantly decreased. The main purposes of using simmering method in modern Chinese materia medica are to reduce adverse reactions， moderate medicinal properties， enhance therapeutic effects， remove non-medicinal parts， and facilitate further processing， etc. This paper combed the key information of simmering methods for Chinese materia medica from ancient to modern times， which can provide a literature basis for the clinical application and modern research of simmered products of Chinese materia medica.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo investigate the efficacy and mechanism of berberine hydrochloride （BBH） against lung cancer cells through the mevalonate （MVA） pathway. MethodHuman lung cancer A549 cells and mouse Lewis lung carcinoma （LLC） cells were used as research subjects. Cell proliferation and cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8） assay were performed to detect the inhibitory effect of BBH （10， 20， 30， 40， 50 μmol·L-1） on the proliferation of the two kinds of cells （48 h）. Then cell scratch assay was used to explore the influence of BBH （40 μmol·L-1） on the migration of A549 and LLC cells （24， 48 h）， and colony formation assay was conducted to compare the colony formation ability of the cells under different concentrations of BBH （10， 20， 40 μmol·L-1）. Moreover， the effects of BBH （40 μmol·L-1） on the content of acetyl-coenzyme A （A-CoA） and total cholesterol （TC） in A549 and LLC cells were determined by kit assay. AutoDock Vina was used for the dock of BBH and MVA pathway regulatory protein， sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 （SREBP2）. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was used to observe the effects of BBH （40 μmol·L-1） on the mRNA expression of nine genes related to the MVA pathway in A549 and LLC cells： hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1 （HMGCS1）， hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase （HMGCR）， mevalonate kinase （MVK）， phosphomevalonate kinase （PMVK）， mevalonate 5-pyrophosphate decarboxylase （MVD）， farnesyl diphosphate synthase （FDPS）， squalene epoxidase （SQLE）， farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase 1 （FDFT1）， and geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase 1 （GGPS1）. Western blot was performed to clarify the effects of BBH （40 μmol·L-1） on the expression of three key proteins of the MVA pathway： HMGCS1， HMGCR， and FDFT1. The Cancer Genome Atlas （TCGA） database was searched to analyze the relationship between HMGCS1， HMGCR， FDFT1 and transcription gene SREBF2 in non-small cell lung cancer （NSCLC）. ResultCompared with the conditions in the control group， the proliferation， migration， and colony formation of A549 and LLC cells in the BBH group were decreased （P<0.01）， while the cell apoptosis rate was increased （P<0.01）. Molecular docking showed that BBH had good binding activity with SREBP2. In addition， the content of A-CoA and TC of the MVA pathway was reduced （P<0.01）. BBH down-regulated the mRNA expression of HMGCS1， HMGCR， MVK， PMVK， MVD， FDPS， SQLE， FDFT1， and GGPS1 in A549 and LLC cells （P<0.01）， and lowered the levels of HMGCS1， HMGCR， and FDFT1 proteins （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In NSCLC patients， HMGCS1， HMGCR， and FDFT1 were highly correlated with SREBF2 （R=0.54， R=0.57， and R=0.48）. ConclusionBBH can inhibit the proliferation， migration， and colony formation of A549 and LLC cells and promote cell apoptosis， which may be related to the regulation of MVA pathway by BBH binding to SREBP2.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE To compare t he diff erences of the fingerprint and in vitro antioxidant activity between decoction pieces of Polygonum cuspidatum by integrated technology of habitat processing and processing （short for IPDP ）and traditional processing decoction pieces （short for TPDP ）. METHODS Ten batches of IPDP and ten batches of TPDP were prepared by integrated technology and traditional technology ，respectively. HPLC method was used to establish and compare the fingerprints of IPDP and TPDP. The scavenging rates of DPPH free radical ，ABTS free radical ，superoxide free radical and hydroxyl free radical and reducing activity of Fe 3+ were detected for IPDP and TPDP. In vitro antioxidant activities were compared between IPDP and TPDP. RESULTS There were 11 common peaks in the fingerprints of IPDP and TPDP ，among which 17 came from IPDP and 13 came from TPDP. The peak heights of peak 6（polydatin）and peak 15（emodin-8-O-β-D-glucoside）in IPDP were significantly higher than those in the TPDP ，and the peak heights of peak 13（resveratrol），peak 17（emodin）and peak 19（physcion）in the TPDP were significantly higher than those in the IPDP. The results of in vitro antioxidant test showed that IPDP and TPDP had a certain scavenging capacity on DPPH free radical ，ABTS free radical ，superoxide free radical and hydroxyl free radicals ，and also had a certain reducing capacity on Fe 3+. CONCLUSIONS The integrated processing technology of P. cuspidatum has a good retention effect on the glycosides in P. cuspidatum ，and the in vitro antioxidant activity of IPDP is stronger than that of TPDP.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the clinical effect of long-stem hemiarthroplasty in the treatment of unstable intertrochanteric fracture in elderly patients with severe osteoporosis.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 48 elderly patients with unstable intertrochanteric fractures of the femur with severe osteoporosis in Liaocheng People′s Hospital from April 2017 to April 2019.Twenty three patients received long-stem hemiarthroplasty (LHA group). Twenty five patients were treated with proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA) (PFNA group). PFNA group was used as the control group.The operative time, intraoperative blood loss, perioperative blood transfusion volume, number of intraoperative fluoroscopy, weight-bearing time after operation, the incidence of postoperative complications, hospitalization time, and Harris hip score of 1, 3, 6, 12 months after surgery, to investigate the efficacy of the application of long-stem hemiarthroplasty.Results:In LHA group, 23 patients were followed up for (18.6±3.9) (range from 12.0 to 26.0) months, and 25 patients in the PFNA group were followed up for (17.8±3.3)(range from 12.0 to 24.0) months.There was no significant difference in follow-up time between the two groups ( Z=-0.552, P=0.581). The operation time of LHA Group (60 (55, 73) h) was longer than that of PFNA Group (55 (50, 60) h). The intraoperative blood loss in LHA Group ((179.35±63.47) mL) was more than that in PFNA Group ((122.80±49.03) mL). The number of fluoroscopy in LHA Group (2 (2, 2) times)was less than that in PFNA Group (16 (14.5, 19.5) times). The time of weight bearing in LHA Group (4 (3, 5) d) was earlier than that in PFNA Group (33 (30, 36) d), and the differences were statistically significant ( Z=2.459, t=3.470, Z=6.216, Z=5.959; all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in perioperative blood transfusion, hospital stay and postoperative complications between the two groups (all P>0.05). Harris hip function score was significantly higher in LHA Group ((76.70±5.96), (82.13±6.38), (85.96±7.16), (88.78±7.67) points) and PFNA Group ((63.80±3.46), (71.56±2.55), (81.60±3.38), (88.08±4.83) points) increased gradually with the increase of follow-up time ( Fintra-group=432.557, Pintra-group<0.001), and the score reached the highest 12 months after operation.Harris hip function score of LHA group was higher than that of PFNA group( Finter-group=25.437, Pinter-group<0.001). There was interaction effect between follow-up time point and operation mode( Finteraction=53.464, Pinteraction<0.001). Conclusion:For the elderly patients with unstable intertrochanteric fracture with severe osteoporosis, the application of lengthened stem hemiarthroplasty can get out of bed early, reduce the complications of bed rest, reduce the number of intraoperative fluoroscopy, and recover the function of hip joint earlier and better with satisfactory results.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE:To optimize the wet paper roasting technology of Rheum palmatum. METHODS:Weighted comprehensive score composed of external properties of R. palmatum roasting with wet paper,the content of extract,total content of anthraquinone,free anthraquinones,conjugated anthraquinone and sennoside A+sennoside B,which were used as investigation indexes. L9(34)orthogonal test was adopted to investigate the three factors as the amount of paper,roasting time and roasting temperature,and optimized wet paper roasting technology of R. palmatum. Validation test was conducted. RESULTS:The optimal roasting technology was as follows as 100 g R. palmatum covered with 12 g paper,processing at 120 ℃,for 2 h. The results of validation test and pilot test showed the average comprehensive scores of roasted R. palmatum were 84.99(RSD<2.0%,n=3) and 85.06(RSD<2.5%,n=3),respectively. CONCLUSIONS:The optimal processing technology is simple and convenient with good reproducibility and operability.It lays a technical foundation for the standardized preparation of stewed R.palmatum.
ABSTRACT
Objective To establish the method of the GC fingerprints for Ligusticum chuanxiong essential oil and its quality control.Methods The temperature at both feed inlet and detector was 250℃,the carrier gas was nitrogen,and the flow rate was 2 mL/min.GC of the essential oil in ten batches of L.chuanxiong was analyzed by adopting temprature programmer and the fingerprint peaks were identified by GC-MS.Results To set up the GC fingerprints for L.chuanxiong essential oil,13 peaks were marked out altogether and the GC fingerprints were analyzed by similarity analysis.Conclusion The method is of high degree of presion,reproducibility,and stability.The resolving of each component in the essential oil is good.The established fingerprints could be used as one of the quality control index for L.chuanxiong essential oil.
ABSTRACT
AIM: To develop a RP-HPLC method of determining ginsenoside Rg1 and ginsenoside Re in Wu-(shenqi) Oral Liquid(Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng,Radix Astragali,Fructus Ligustri Lucidi,etc.). METHODS: Hypersil-C_(18) column was used at 30 ℃.The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-water(103∶400) with 0.05% H_3PO_4.The detection wavelength was set at 203 nm.The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min. RESULTS: The linear ranges for ginsenoside Rg1 and ginsenoside Re were 0.188-6.016 ?g(r=0.999 9) and 0.197-6.323 ?g(r=(0.999)),respectively.Its average recoveries were 99.53% with RSD of 0.96% and 99.13% with RSD of 0.62%,respectively. CONCLUSION: This method is simple,accurate,reproducible,and can be used for the determination of ginsenoside Rg1 and ginsenoside Re in Wushenqi Oral Liquid.
ABSTRACT
AIM:To establish the quality standard of Compound Shouwu Granule (Radix Polygoni multiflori,Radix et Rhizoma Thalictri Baicalensis,Herba Rabdosiae Rubescentis,etc.) METHODS:TLC was performed to identify Radix Polygoni Multiflori,Radix et Rhizoma Thalictri Baicalensis,Herba Rabdosiae Rubescentis.HPLC was used to determine 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-0-?-D-glucoside. RESULTS:The study on the quality control showed that the characteristic of identification by TLC was distinct and highly specific.The quantitative evaluation had the linear range of 0.04-0.72 ?g.The average recovery was 99.99% and RSD was 1.3%. CONCLUSION: The method for identification and quantitation was simple,accurate,realizable and reproducible.It can be used effectively for the quality control of Compound Shouwu Granule.
ABSTRACT
To review the study progresses in venom protein, peptide and amino acids in natural drug. The study progresses were reviewed on the basis of analying the collected articles. Concerning the distribution, chemical structure, property, pharmacology and toxicity of ricin, abrin, riscotoxin, snake venom, bee venom and buthotoxin. These compounds have certain toxicity and biological activity to animals, It's worth exploiting and utilizing them in conjunction with the achievement in modern chemistry and pharmacology.