Effects of β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (hmb) and resistance training on body fat and lipid metabolism signaling pathways

ABSTRACT Excess body fat is a serious problem for increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as obesity, compromising the health and quality of life of the population. In this sense, resistance training (RT) is type of physical exercise which improves body composition by increasing lean mass and reducing fat mass. RT in combination with nutrition (i.e. protein supplementation) is a key intervention to improve body fat metabolism and reducing obesity. Concerning protein supplementation, the β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a metabolite of the branched-chain amino acid leucine that has demonstrated positive effects on body fat reduction. However, the effects of combining HMB supplementation with RT related to adipose tissue metabolic activity are controversial and warrant further investigation. This study analyzed the effects of HMB supplementation associated with RT on body fat concentration and lipid metabolism signaling pathways.

RESUMEN El exceso de grasa corporal es un problema grave que aumenta tu riesgo de enfermedades y problemas de salud, tales como enfermedad cardíaca, diabetes, presión arterial alta y ciertos tipos de cáncer. En este sentido, y dentro del ejercicio físico, el entrenamiento de resistencia (ER) es un tipo de entrenamiento con pesos que mejora la composición corporal aumentando la masa magra y perdiendo masa grasa. El ER asociado con la nutrición (ej. suplementación proteica) es una excelente intervención para mejorar el metabolismo de los lípidos al reducir la grasa corporal. En relación con la suplementación proteica el β-hidroxi-β-metilbutirato (HMB) es un metabolito del aminoácido de cadena ramificada esencial leucina que ha demostrado efectos positivos en la reducción de grasa corporal. Sin embargo, los efectos de la suplementación con HMB asociados con TR relacionados con la actividad metabólica del tejido adiposo son controvertidos y necesita la realización de investigaciones adicionales. Este estudio analizó los efectos de la suplementación con HMB asociados con TR en la concentración de grasa corporal y en las vías de señalización que participan en la regulación del metabolismo de los lípidos.

Association of inflammation, dyslipidemia, obesity and physical activity status in children

The aim of this study was to verify the association between inflammatory biomarkers, dyslipidemia, obesity and physical activity status in 10-years old children. Ninety-four children participated in this study and were classified into eutrophic (n=36), overweight (n=34) or obese (n=24) according to their body mass index (BMI). The genic expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and chemokine C-C motif ligand 2 (CCL-2) mRNA; the serum concentration of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and triglycerides; BMI, percentage of body fat (% BF) and waist circumference; and the number of steps per day were determined. The expression of IL-6, TNF-α and CCL-2 were associated (p < 0.05) positively with serum triglycerides, BMI, % BF and waist circumference, and negatively with serum HDL-c. No association (p > 0.05) between pro-inflammatory biomarkers and number of steps per day was found

Concentrações de IL-6, TNF-α; e MCP-1 em crianças com excesso de massa corporal / Concentrations of IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1 in children with excess of body mass

O objetivo desta revisão sistemática foi verificar a relação das concentrações de IL-6, TNF-α e MCP-1 em crianças com excesso de massa corporal. As bases de dados investigadas PUBMED, SciELO, LILACS e Periódico Capes foram consultadas retrospectivamente para os últimos seis anos (2009 a 2014) utilizando combinações de palavras chaves como inflamação, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1 combinadas com crianças e escolares. Foram analisados 21 artigos. Foi encontrado associação entre sobrepeso/obesidade com IL-6, TNF-α e MCP-1 em 73,3% (11/15), 80% (12/15) e 60% (3/5) dos estudos que analisaram tais marcadores, respectivamente. Crianças com excesso de massa corporal possuem concentrações elevadas de IL-6, TNF-α e MCP-1 resultando em inflamação sistêmica crônica e aumentando o risco de desenvolvimento de outras doenças cardiovasculares.

This systematic review aimed to verify the relationship of IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1 concentrations in children with excess of body mass. The databases PUBMED, SciELO, LILACS and Periódicos Capes were consulted retrospectively for the last 6 years (2009 to 2014) using combined of keywords like inflammation, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1 combined with children and schoolers. A total of 21 articles were analyzed. We found an association between overweight/obesity with IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1 in 73.3% (11/15), 80% (12/15) and 60% (3/5) in the studies that analyzed these markers, respectively. Children with excess of body mass have high concentrations of IL-6, TNF-α and MCP-1 resulting in chronic systemic inflammation and increasing the risk of developing other cardiovascular diseases.

Distribuição e produção científica dos grupos de pesquisa em endocrinologia e metabologia do exercício / Distribution and scientific production of research groups in endocrinology and exercise metabolism

Objetivo:Realizar levantamento nacional da distribuição geográfica e produção científica de Grupos de Pesquisa em Endocrinologia e Metabolismo do Exercício (GPEME). Materiais e Métodos: Realizou-se busca sistemática no banco de dados do Diretório de Grupos de Pesquisa do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) pelo número de GPEME e pela produção científica do(s) seu(s) líder(es) no período de julho a agosto de 2012. Resultados: A região Sudeste apresentou maior concentração (66,7 %; n = 34) dos GPEME, seguida das regiões Nordeste com 15,7 % (n= 8), Sul 9,8 % (n = 5) e da região Centro-Oeste (7,8 %; n = 4). Não houve grupos atuantes na regiãoNorte. Os GPEME encontrados na região Sudeste concentram 72,1 % (n = 3339) da produção científica nacional. Conclusão: Discrepâncias foram encontradas tanto na distribuição geográfica quanto na produção científica dos GPEME no Brasil, concentradas entre as regiões Sudeste e Sul e escassas no Norte.

Objective:To conduct a national survey of the geographical distribution and scientific production of Research Groups in Endocrinology and Exercise Metabolism (RGEEM). Methods: We carried out a systematic search in the database of the National Counsel of Technological and Scientific Development (CNPQ) Research Groups Directory by the numbers of RGEEM and by scientific production(s) of your leader(s) in the period from July to August, 2012. Results: The Southeast region had the highest concentration (67.7%, n = 34) of RGEEM, followed by the Northeast with 15.7% (n = 8), South 9.8% (n = 5) and Midwest (7.8 %, n = 4). There were no active groups in the North. The RGEEM found in Southeast region concentrated 72.1% (n = 3339) of national scientific production. Conclusion: Discrepancies were found in both geographical distribution and scientific production in Brazil GPEME, concentrated between the South and Southeast regions and scarce in the North.