Neurobiología del trastorno de personalidad límite / Neurobiology of borderline personality disorder

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is highly prevalent and associated with significant dysfunctional behavior and suicide risk. The association with psychosocial factors is well established, however its neurobiology is not fully unraveled. According with the revised studies, subjects with BPD have structural and functional brain alterations, particularly in areas involved in affective and cognitive regulation and control of impulses. These alterations allow us to understand the psychopathology of this disorder and partly explain its pathogenesis.

Aportes desde el apego al entendimiento del trastorno de personalidad limítrofe / Attachment contributions to the understanding of borderline personality disorder

Pacientes con Trastorno de la Personalidad Limítrofe (TPL) en su mayoría, poseen un elevado grado de sufrimiento psíquico y mala calidad de relaciones interpersonales, lo cual se asocia a elevada discapacidad, son altamente demandantes de servicios clínicos, y presentan índices de mortalidad superior a la población general. En el estudio de la etiología de este trastorno se han identificado factores biológicos y medioambientales, dentro de estos últimos, características relacionales tempranas niño-cuidador y conductas de apego, que han contribuido a la mejor comprensión del desarrollo de la psicopatología adulta en especial de los trastornos de la personalidad. En el presente trabajo se recogió información acerca de la relación entre las alteraciones del apego y la patología limítrofe de la personalidad, desde una perspectiva transversal y longitudinal. Se explica el concepto de apego adulto y su evaluación, como rasgo importante y que puede orientar al diagnóstico y tratamiento de pacientes con TPL. Finalmente se presenta el concepto de mentalización como una teoría explicativa acerca del desarrollo del TPL desde el apego.

Patients with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) have generally a high degree of psychic suffering and poor quality of interpersonal relationships, which is associated with high disability, highly demanding of clinical services, and higher mortality rates compared to the general population. In the study of the etiology of this disorder have been identified biological and environmental factors within the latter, early relational characteristics between child-caregiver like attachment behavior has contributed greatly to the understanding of the development of psychopathology in particular of personality disorders. In the present paper information was collected about the relationship between attachment disorders and borderline personality pathology, from a cross-sectional and longitudinal point of view. It explains the concept of adult attachment and their evaluation, as an important feature that can guide the diagnosis and treatment of patients with BPD. Finally some concepts about mentalization as a theory about the development of BPD from attachment perspective.