The protective effect of miR-5088-5p on hepatocyte pyroptosis induced by homocysteine / 中国药理学通报

Aim To explore the role of miR-5088-5p in hepatocyte pyroptosis induced by homocysteine. Methods Hepatocytes were cultured and divided into control group and Hcy group. After transfected miR-5088-5p NC and miR-5088-5p mimic under Hcy treatment, the expression of NLRP3, Caspase 1 and IL-1β was detected by Western blot. The expression of miR-5088-5p was detected by RT-qPCR. CBS

Replantation of amputated penis in Chinese men: a meta-analysis / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the methods for the replantation of the amputated penis in Chinese men.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We performed a meta-analysis on the domestic literature relating replantation of the amputated penis, particularly its successful methods published from 1964 to January 2012.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>We identified 109 reports on 111 cases of replantation of the amputated penis that met the inclusion criteria, including 103 adults and 8 children. The mean age, warm ischemia time and total ischemia time were 29 +/- 11 years (range 2 - 56 years), 5.2 +/- 5.7 hours (range 0 - 38 hours) and 6.3 +/- 5.7 hours (range 1 - 38 hours). Fifty-three of the cases were treated by microsurgery and 44 by non-microsurgery. Complications occurred in 81 (73%) of the cases, including ED in 14 cases, urethral stricture in 16, urinary fistula in 8, skin necrosis in 58 and skin sensory abnormality in 31. The incidences of ED, urethral stricture and urinary fistula exhibited significant differences between the microsurgery and non-microsurgery groups of the partial amputation patients (P < 0.05). The incidence of ED was correlated negatively with the number of anastomosed dorsal nerves (r = -0.3, P = 0.05), anastomosis of dorsal veins (r = -0.2, P = 0.02) and anastomosis of arteries (r = -0.2, P = 0.03), but positively with skin sensory abnormality (r = 0.4, P < 0.01), that of urethral stricture negatively with the anastomosis of dorsal nerves (r = -0.2, P = 0.02) and arteries (r = -0.2, P = 0.016), but positively with the anastomosis of corpus cavernosum (r = 0.3, P = 0.01), that of skin necrosis negatively with the total number of anastomosed blood vessels (r = -0.2, P = 0.04), and that of complications negatively with the number of anastomosed dorsal nerves (r = -0.3, P = 0.01), dorsal veins (r = -0.2, P = 0.04), arteries (r = -0.2, P = 0.023) and micro-anastomosis (r = -0.3, P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Early micro-anastomosis of the most possible penile dorsal veins, arteries and dorsal nerves is essential for the survival of the replanted penis and reduction of complications, and therefore can be regarded as a "standard" method for penile replantation in China.</p>

Penile replantation: report of two cases and review of the literature / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

Penile amputation and successful replantation is very uncommon, and there is no routine standardized procedures for dealing with this medical condition. Here we report two cases of penile amputation and replantation involving different degrees of vascular insult leading to different pathogenesis, clinical presentation, surgical approach and prognosis. This report described the microsurgical procedure and postoperative care using bipedicled scrotal flap to achieve successful engraftment and function. A review of the published data and future methods to increase success of such surgical procedures is provided.

Effect of oxymatrine on JAK2/STAT3 signaling in renal tissues of rats with septic shock / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effect of oxymatrine (OMT) on JAK2/STAT3 signaling in renal tissues of rats with septic shock.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was adopted to establish the rat septic shock model. Fifty-six male SD rats were randomly divided into 7 groups: the sham operation group, the model (CLP) group, CLP + OMT high, middle, low-dose (52, 26, 13 mg x kg(-1), vena caudalis bolus) groups and the positive control (CLP + dexamethasone, 10 mg x kg(-1)) group. The pathological changes in renal tissues were examined with lightmicroscope. BUN content was determined by urine enzymatic method. Expressions of tumournecrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) mRNA in renal tissues were determined by RT-PCR. Expression of JAK2 and STAT3 in renal tissues determined by Western blot. Changes in tumournecrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) contents in renal tissue were determined by radioimmunoassay.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>OMT of different doses could inhibit the JAK2 and STAT3 activation in renal tissues (P<0.05), and decrease the protein expression of JAK2, STAT3, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta mRNA (P<0.05). Besides, it could reduce TNF-alpha and IL-1beta contents in renal tissue homogenate (P<0.05), serum BUN content (P<0.05), and improve such lesions as tissue hyperemia, edema and inflammatory cell infiltration, with identical results in medium and high-dose OMT groups, and the positive control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>OMT can inhibit JAK2/STAT3 signaling activity to reduce the expression of proin-flammatory factors (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta) and treat the renal injury in rats with septic shock.</p>

Involvement of p38 MAPK pathway in GLP-1-induced inhibition of apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells / 生理学报

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) on palmitate-induced apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the underlying mechanism. HUVECs were cultured in vitro, and then treated by palmitate to induce apoptosis. Meanwhile, GLP-1 was added to explore its effect. After 24 h of the treatments, Caspase-3 activity and DNA fragmentation were measured using ELISA kits. Phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38 MAPK) expression was detected by Western blot. The results showed that incubating HUVECs with 0.125 mmol/L GLP-1 increased Caspase-3 activity and DNA fragmentation. GLP-1 significantly inhibited palmitate-induced increases of Caspase-3 activity and DNA fragmentation in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, GLP-1 inhibited the up-regulation of p-p38 MAPK expression induced by palmitate in HUVECs. These results suggest GLP-1 protects HUVECs against lipo-apoptosis, and this effect may be mediated through inhibiting p38 MAPK pathway.

Multiple factors related to detrusor overactivity in Chinese patients with benign prostate hyperplasia / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Detrusor overactivity (DO) is a known cause of lower urinary tract symptoms and occurs in 50% - 75% of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) patients. We sought to investigate the clinical and urodynamic factors that are associated with the presence of DO in Chinese BPH patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundred and eighty-seven consecutive patients with clinical BPH were retrospectively evaluated in this study. Each patient underwent urodynamic evaluation and completed the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and Quality of Life (QoL) questionnaire. Patients with neurological symptoms or other diseases likely to affect detrusor functions were strictly excluded. The 184 BPH patients included in the study were divided into groups according to the presence of DO as shown in urodynamic tests. Univariate analysis of factors associated with the presence of DO were performed using Student's t-test and the Mann-Whitney test; multivariate analysis used stepwise Logistic regressions. The relationship between degree of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) and DO was also investigated using a linear-by-linear association test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of 184 BPH patients, DO was present in 76 (41.3%). On univariate analysis, patients with DO were older (P = 0.000), and showed smaller maximal bladder capacity (MBC, P = 0.000) and voided volume (P = 0.000), higher maximal detrusor pressure (P = 0.000) and projected isovolumetric pressure (PIP) (P = 0.005), higher Abrams-Griffiths number (P = 0.000) and degree of bladder outlet obstruction (P = 0.000), higher IPSS (P = 0.000) and irritative IPSS subscores (P = 0.000). Stepwise Logistic regression analysis showed that PIP (OR = 1.012, 95% CI 1.002 - 1.023, P = 0.019), age (OR = 1.030, 95%CI 1.005 - 1.067, P = 0.059), and MBC (OR = 0.993, 95%CI 0.990 - 0.996, P = 0.000) were independent risk factors for DO in BPH patients. Linear-by-linear association tests indicated a positive linear association between DO and severity of BOO, with incidence of DO increasing with BOO grade (P = 0.000).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In Chinese BPH patients, PIP, MBC, and age were independent factors affecting the presence of DO. DO incidence continuously increases with the degree of BOO.</p>

Aggressiveness and extent of prostatic inflammation relates with serum PSA levels in type IV prostatitis / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship of the histopathologic grade and extent of prostatic inflammation with the level of serum PSA in patients with type IV prostatitis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We performed transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy for 120 patients suspected of prostate cancer and included in this study only those with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatitis (n = 46), excluding the cases with prostate cancer and those with BPH but no prostatitis. We evaluated the relationship between prostatic inflammation and serum PSA levels based on the three-grade pathohistologic criteria for the extent, location and aggressiveness of prostatic inflammation. The serum tPSA levels, fPSA levels, % fPSA, and PSAD were compared among different groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>As for the extent of inflammation, 35 of the 46 included cases were grade I (tPSA: [8.46 +/- 4.09] microg/L; fPSA: [1.75 +/- 0.93] microg/L; PSAD: 0.15 +/- 0.11), 7 were grade II (tPSA: [15.26 +/- 5.26] microg/L; fPSA: [2.54 +/- 0.72] microg/L; PSAD: 0.26 +/- 0.07) and 4 were grade III (tPSA: [21.05 +/- 7.58] microg/L; fPSA: [3. 19 +/- 1.13] microg/L; PSAD: 0.42 +/- 0.19), with statistically significant differences among the three groups in the levels of tPSA (P = 0.001), fPSA (P = 0.008) and PSAD (P < 0.001). Regarding the location of inflammation, 19 cases were grade I, 17 were grade II and 10 were grade II, with no significant differences in tPSA, fPSA and %fPSA among the three grades (P > 0.05). As for the aggressiveness of inflammation, 32 cases were grade I (tPSA: [8.37 +/- 4.07] microg/L; fPSA: [1.76 +/- 0.93] microg/L; PSAD: 0.14 +/- 0.11), 10 were grade II (tPSA: [13.30 +/- 5.69] microg/L; fPSA: [3.27 +/- 2.21] microg/L ; PSAD: 0.25 +/- 0.06) and 4 were grade III (tPSA: [21.05 +/- 7.58] microg/L; fPSA: [3.19 +/- 1.13] microg/L; PSAD: 0.42 +/- 0.19), with statistically significant differences among the three grades in the levels of tPSA (P = 0.002), fPSA (P = 0.024) and PSAD (P < 0.001). The extent of inflammation was positively correlated with the levels of tPSA (r = 0.6, P < 0.001), fPSA (r = 0.5, P = 0.001) and PSAD (r = 0.6, P < 0.001), and so was the aggressiveness of inflammation (tPSA: r = 0.5, P < 0.001; fPSA: r = 0.4, P = 0.008; PSAD: r = 0.7, P < 0.001), but a negative correlation was found between the aggressiveness of inflammation and %fPSA (r = -0.4, P = 0.013).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The aggressiveness and extent of prostatic inflammation in asymptomatic prostatitis patients are significantly correlated with the level of serum PSA, which may help pathologists to avoid unnecessary repeated biopsies for patients with high-grade prostatitis.</p>

Risk factors for interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms: a Chinese multi-center study / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Despite 100 years of research, the continued absence of well-established risk factors impedes the diagnosis and treatment of interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS). We aimed to identify risk factors in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) without urinary tract infection or benign prostate hyperplasia in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 397 outpatients with LUTS presenting for care to urology clinics in several hospitals throughout China were surveyed using a standardized questionnaire and validated outcome measures. The definitions for painful bladder syndrome based on the O'Leary-Sant interstitial cystitis symptom and problem indices were used. The prevalence of possible risk factors was analyzed using the Fisher's exact test and Pearson chi-square test, and multivariate predictive models were developed using binary Logistic regression methods.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Of those multi-centre patients surveyed, including 174 women and 223 men, 41% (162/397) met criteria for painful bladder syndrome. There was a significant difference between women and men (55% (95/174) vs. 30% (67/223), P < 0.001). Women with IC/PBS were more likely than those without IC/PBS to report a history of gynecological infections (odds ratio (OR): 2.85; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.32 - 6.16, P = 0.007), intake of stimulatory foods (OR: 3.52; 95%CI: 1.50 - 8.30; P = 0.004), irritable bowel (OR: 3.46; 95%CI: 1.22 - 9.80; P = 0.014) and/or anorectal disease (OR: 2.68; 95%CI: 1.12 - 6.40, P = 0.023). After adjusting for confounding factors, bladder pain was significantly associated with stimulatory foods (OR: 3.85; 95%CI: 1.58 - 9.36, P = 0.003) and anorectal disease (OR: 2.76; 95%CI: 1.09 - 7.04, P = 0.03) in women. Caffeine beverage intake (OR: 3.54; 95%CI: 1.54 - 8.12, P = 0.003) was identified the only modifiable association noted in multivariate analysis of men.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>We found that stimulatory foods, anorectal disease and caffeine beverages are potential risk factors for IC/PBS. Further studies are necessary to determine their role in the pathogenesis of this disorder.</p>

Effect of oxymatrine on NF-kappaB and other cell factors in rats lung tissue with septic shock / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the effects of oxymatrine (OMT) on NF-kappaB and other cell factors in rat lung tissue with septic shock.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Fifty-six male SD rats were randomly divided into 7 groups: sham operation group, OMT control group, model (CLP) group, CLP + OMT high, middle, low-dose group, positive control group. Changes in NF-kappaB (p65) and IkB-alpha activity in the pulmonary tissue were determined by immunohistochemical method, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels in pulmonary tissue were determined by radioimmunoassay.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>OMT could decrease significantly the NF-kappaB (p65) and IkB-alpha activity in the pulmonary tissue (P < 0.05), TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels in pulmonary tissue homogenate decreased markedly (P < 0.05). OMT could elevate the content of PaO2, SaO2, decrease the content of PaCO2, HCO3- and decrease the ratio between wet weight of the lung and dry weight of the lung and the PWI.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>OMT can inhibit NF-kappaB-inducing kinase (NIK), NF-kappaB activity and reduce the expression of proinflammatory factor (TNF-alpha, IL-6) and antagonize the lung injury in a rat model of septic shock.</p>

Effects of peroxisome proliferators activated receptors on caveolin-1 expression in foam cells / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the effect of peroxisome proliferators activated receptors (PPAR) alpha, gamma ligand on ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and caveolin-1 expressions and cholesterol, ox-LDL contents in human monocyte derived foam cells.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Malondialdehyde (MDA) was measured by TBARS method, ox-LDL detected by ELISA method, cholesterol measured by fluorescence spectrophotometric method, ABCA1, caveolin-1 mRNA and protein expressions determined by RT-PCR and Western blot, in human monocytes, foam cells [human monocyte-derived macrophage induced by myristate acetate (PMA) further treated with 50 mg/L ox-LDL for 24 h], foam cells plus 10 micromol/L pioglitazone for 48 h, foam cells plus 5 micromol/L clofibrate for 48 h.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The intracellular total cholesterol (TC), free cholesterol (FC), cholesteryl ester (CE), ox-LDL and lipid peroxide were significantly increased and the membrane expressions of ABCA1, caveolin-1 were down-regulated in foam cells compared to monocytes (all P < 0.05) and these changes were significantly attenuated by cotreatment with PPARalpha, gamma ligand.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The anti-atherosclerosis effects of PPARalpha, gamma ligand are related to reducing cholesterol contents and up-regulating ABCA1, caveolin-1 expressions in foam cells.</p>

Clinical value of ultrasound guided transperineal prostate biopsy in detecting prostate cancer / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To report our experience of ultrasound guided transperineal 6-core prostate biopsy (UG6CPB) in the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>In a prospective study, we performed UG6CPB in 104 suspected PCa patients with tPSA more than 4 microg/L and analysed the positive rate and complications of the diagnostic approach.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>PCa was detected in 24 of the 104 patients (23%), with low grade Gleason 2 to 4 in 3 cases (12.5%), intermediate grade Gleason 5 to 7 in 15 (62.5%) and high grade Gleason 8 to 10 in the remaining 6 (25%). Complications included temporary hematuria in 5 patients (4.8%), mild postbiopsy perineal discomfort in 5 (4.8%) and fever in 4 (3.8%). TPSA > or =10 microg/L, fPSA > or = 2 microg/L, fPSA/tPSA < 0.16, PSAD > or = 0.2 and prostate volume < 40 ml were the significant influencing factors of biopsy positive rate (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>UG6CPB is an exact and a safe way of detecting PCa.</p>

Multivariate analysis of recurrence in T1 bladder transitional cell carcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prognostic value of some clinicopathologic indexes and biologic tumor markers in predicting recurrence in T1 transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expressions of p53, E-cadherin and VEGF of 75 patients with T1 primary bladder TCC were detected by streptabitin peroxidase (SP) immunohistochemical methods. The effects of clinicopathologic indexes and biologic tumor markers on recurrence were assessed by Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The 1-, 3-, and 5-year recurrence- free survival rates were 68.0%, 45.3% and 20.9%. In Kaplan-Meier analysis, tumor mutifocality and the expression of p53, E-cadherin and VEGF were associated with recurrence. In multivariate analysis, the independent recurrence variables were tumor mutifocality, the expression of p53 and E-cadherin.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Tumor mutifocality and the abnormal expression of p53 and E-cadherin are the variables that independently predict recurrence in T1 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder.</p>

Impact of short-term neoadjuvant hormonal treatment on neuroendocrine differentiation in prostate carcinoma / 中华肿瘤杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the impact of short-term neoadjuvant hormonal treatment on neuroendocrine (NE) differentiation and the relation of NE differentiation and tumor regression.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The radical prostatectomy specimens and the biopsy specimens of the same 18 patients with prostate cancer were compared. The effect of hormonal treatment on NE-differentiation was evaluated by specific antibodies against chromogranin A (ChA) and serotonin (5-HT).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The ChA-positive cell count was 3.2 x 10(-5)/microm(2) [(0-5.7) x 10(-5)/microm(2)] before hormonal treatment and 2.3 x 10(-5) microm(2)[(0-6.6) x 10(-5)/microm(2)] afterward (P > 0.05). For the proportion of NE-positive tumor, it was 7.0% (0%-14.9%) and 4.5% (0%-13.1%) (P > 0.05). No correlation existed between NE-differentiation and the neoadjuvant hormonal treatment. The NE cell density did not differ significantly between 12 non-/slightly regressive tumor foci and 6 highly regressive ones (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Short-term neoadjuvant hormonal therapy does not induce clonal propagation of NE cells. The degree of tumor regression following short-term neoadjuvant hormonal therapy is not correlated with the NE differentiation.</p>