ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To research on the protective effect of 3'-methoxy-puerarin (3'-mo-pue) on rat brain suffering from ischemia and to offer the experimental basis for widening the applied areas of Radix Puerariae.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>All rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, control group, Pue group and 3'-mo-pue group. The influence of different dosage on relevant indexes were measured through cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model rat covered by Fecl3, and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model rat after 2VO.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The result showed that 3'-mo-Pue could reduce the scores of neurological deficit, cerebral infarcted zone to varying degrees and the water content of brain tissue in MCAO model. It could obviously increase the activity of CAT and GPx in the hippocampus and also increase the activity of CAT and GPx in the cortex in the ischemia field. Moreover, 3'-mo-Pue could decrease the content of LPO, LD in the brain tissue of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model rat.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>3'-mo-Pue has favorable protective effect on brain suffering from ischemia. The mechanism is possibly related to its effect of anti-oxidation.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Brain , Metabolism , Brain Ischemia , Drug Therapy , Metabolism , Catalase , Metabolism , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Enzyme Activation , Glutathione Peroxidase , Metabolism , Isoflavones , Pharmacology , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between renal tubular cells transdifferentiation and chronic renal interstitial fibrosis induced by Fangchi Extract in rat.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The chronic renal interstitial fibrosis rat model was made by giving Radix Aristolochiae Fangchi extract (RAFE) and aristolichic acid (AA) respectively to rats through infusing stomach about 22 weeks discontinuously. Through immunnal histochemistry methods, investigating the expression of symbol proteins: Cytokine( CK) , alpha-Smooth muscle actin ( alpha-SMA) and Vimentin, and also the important fibrosis inducing factor-Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta1 )on renal tubular cells.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>In RAFE and AA Groups, the expression of CK on renal tubular cells is declined comparing with the Control Group, and the enhanced expression of alpha-SMA and Vimentin can be observed on tubular cells. The expression of TGF-beta1 on renal tubular cells stronglhy increased, too.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Part of the renal tubular cells was transdifferentiated into myofibroblasts. Renal tubular cells may participate the occurance of chronic renal interstitial fibrosis, TGF-beta1 may accelerate the transdifferentiation of tubular cells.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Rats , Actins , Metabolism , Aristolochia , Chemistry , Aristolochic Acids , Toxicity , Cell Transdifferentiation , Cytokines , Metabolism , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Toxicity , Epithelial Cells , Metabolism , Pathology , Fibrosis , Kidney Diseases , Metabolism , Kidney Tubules , Metabolism , Pathology , Plant Extracts , Therapeutic Uses , Plant Roots , Chemistry , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Random Allocation , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Transforming Growth Factor beta1 , Metabolism , Vimentin , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of Qingkailing and Methylprednisolone (MP) injection alone or combined on the acute lung injury (ALI) induced by oleic acid in rabbits.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The rabbits were randomly divided into 11 groups: oleic acid group; control group; treatment groups including low, middle and high dosage groups of Qingkailing and MP alone and combined, respectively. ALI model was established by i.v. oleic acid (0.05 mL x kg(-1)) in these groups, and then i.v. above drugs respectively, while in control group, the same volume of normal saline was given. The respiratory amplitude and rate were observed, and blood samples were taken from cervical artery for blood-gas analysis before and at 30, 60, 120 min after oleic acid or normal saline administration. At the end of experiment, the concentration of LDH, CAT and MDA in the lung tissue were measured and pathologic changes of lung tissue were observed microscopically.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with oleic acid group, the respiratory amplitude markedly enhanced (P < 0.05) and respiratory rate lowered (P < 0.05) in the low, middle and high dose groups of Qingkailing and MP injection. On the 30 min of treatment, PaO2 increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the low and middle dose groups of combined Qingkailing and MP injection; PaCO2 decreased markedly (P < 0.05) on the 120 min of treatment in each treatment group. The level of LDH significantly increased (P < 0.05), CAT and MDA decreased (P < 0.05) in the middle and high groups of Qingkailing and MP injection. The low and middle dose groups of combined Qingkailing and MP injection can alleviate the pathological changes induced by oleic acid.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The curative effect of the low dose group of combined Qingkailing and MP for the ALI induced by oleic acid was better than Qingkailing and MP alone, while the big dose groups of Qingkailing and MP alone better than the combination at the same dosage.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Rabbits , Anti-Inflammatory Agents , Therapeutic Uses , Blood Gas Analysis , Methods , Drug Therapy, Combination , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Therapeutic Uses , Lung , Metabolism , Pathology , Methylprednisolone , Therapeutic Uses , Oleic Acid , Phytotherapy , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Random Allocation , Respiratory Distress Syndrome , Drug Therapy , Metabolism , Respiratory Function TestsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of Qingikailing and Shengmai injection alone or combined on the acute lung injury (AL) induced by oleic acid in rabbits.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The rabbits were randomly divided into 11 groups: oleic acid group; control group; treatment groups including low, middle and high dosage groups of Qingkailing and Shengmai injection alone and combined, respectively. ALI model was established by iv oleic acid (0.05 mL x kg(-1)) in these groups, and then iv above drugs respectively,while in control group, the same volume of normal saline was given. The respiratory amplitude and rate were observed, and blood samples were taken from cervical artery for blood-gas analysis before and at 30, 60, 120 min after oleic acid or normal saline administration. At the end of experiment, the concentration of LDH, CAT and MDA in the lung tissue were measured and pathologic changes of lung tissue were observed microscopically.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Compared with oleic acid group, the respiratory amplitude markedly enhanced (P < 0.05) in the low and high dose groups of Qingkailing and Shengmai injection. PaO2 increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the low dose group of combined Qingkailing and Shengmai injection, PaCO2 decreased markedly (P < 0.05) in the low dose groups of Qingkailing and Shengmai injection alone and combined. The level of MDA significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in the each group of Qingkailing and Shengmai injection alone, the level of MDA significantly decreased (P < 0.05) and CAT increased (P < 0.05) in the low dose group of combined Qingkailing with Shengmai injection. The low dose group of combined Qingkailing and Shengmai injection can alleviate the pathological changes induced by oleic acid.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The curative effect of the low dose group of combined Qingkailing with Shengmai injection for the ALI induced by oleic acid was better than Qingkailing and Shengmai injection alone at the same dosage.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Rabbits , Carbon Dioxide , Blood , Catalase , Blood , Drug Combinations , Drug Therapy, Combination , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase , Metabolism , Lung , Pathology , Malondialdehyde , Blood , Oleic Acid , Oxygen , Blood , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Random Allocation , Respiration , Respiratory Distress Syndrome , Blood , PathologyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Following the former report, we continue to observe the chronic renal tubular-interstitial injury induced by Radix Aristolochiae Fangchi Extract(RAFE) in rats in order to understand whether RAFE in different doses causes the renal tubular-interstitial injury or not.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>RAFE at the dose of 25.0 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1), 120.0 mg kg(-1) x d(-1) and 200.0 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) and aristolochic acid (AA, 10.0 mg x kg(-1) d(-1)) was interruptedly administrated by gastric tube for 22 w and 4 w durg withdrawal. Blood, urine and kidney were taken out respectively in 17 w, 22 w and 26 w to measure the indexes of renal function. The morphology of kidney was observed, and Masson staining of kidney were made respectively to compare RAFE groups with AA group.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Pathological changes of renal tissue forms were as follows: All RAFE groups and AA group could develop the pathological process of renal tubular injury-chronic renal interstitial fibrosis. The pathologic changes of RAFE were similar with AA.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>RAFE at all doses administrated interruptedly by gastric tube above 13 w caused chronic renal tubulo-interstitium fibrosis. The renal injury in functions and tissue forms in rats were similar with AA closely. The results showed that AA was the main toxic composition of RAFE.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Rats , Aristolochia , Chemistry , Toxicity , Aristolochic Acids , Toxicity , Blood Urea Nitrogen , Body Weight , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Toxicity , Fibrosis , Blood , Pathology , Kidney Tubules , Pathology , Nephritis, Interstitial , Blood , Pathology , Plant Roots , Chemistry , Toxicity , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Toxicity , Proteinuria , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the protective effects of pueraria compound on the cerebral ischemic injury.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Using the middle cerebral artery occlusion model (MCAO) in rats and cerebral ischemia-reperfusion models in gerbils and mice, we investigated the influence of pueraria compound on the brain water content and the infarct size, the cerebral apoplexy exponent, the contents of lactic acid (LA) and lipid peroxide (LPO), the activities of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and Na+ -K+ -ATPase.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Pueraria compound obviously reduced the brain water content and the infrarct size in MCAO, improved motor abilities in the cerebral ischemia-reinfusion model of gerbils, decreased the contents of LA and LPO and increased the activities of LDH, GPx and Na+ -K+ -ATPase in cerebral ischemia-reinfusion model of mice.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Pueraria compound has the function of antioxidation and protective effect on ischemic brain tissue.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Rats , Antioxidants , Pharmacology , Brain , Metabolism , Pathology , Brain Ischemia , Metabolism , Pathology , Drug Combinations , Gerbillinae , Glutathione Peroxidase , Metabolism , Isoflavones , Pharmacology , L-Lactate Dehydrogenase , Metabolism , Lactic Acid , Metabolism , Lipid Peroxides , Metabolism , Neuroprotective Agents , Pharmacology , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Pueraria , Chemistry , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Reperfusion Injury , Metabolism , Pathology , Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase , Metabolism , Glycine max , ChemistryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of Tianma Gouteng recipe (TGR) on interfering left ventricular (LV) and aortic hypertrophy and tissue angiotensin II (Ang II) in rats with renovascular hypertension.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The animal model of renovascular hypertension was used in this experiment. Hypertensive rats were randomly allocated into model group, Enalapril group and TGR group, and the drugs were used for 6 weeks continuously. During this period, the blood pressure of rats was measured every two weeks. After rats were sacrificed, the wet weight, tissue Ang II level of LV and aorta, and the cardiac index were measured.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>One week after renovascular stenosis, the systolic blood pressure (SPS) of model group was increased by 37.4 mmHg, and 7 weeks after stenosis, the LV and aortic hypertrophy was obvious increased, meanwhile, tissue Ang II of LV and aorta was raised markedly (P < 0.01). Contrasting with the model group, blood pressure was reduced and the morphological index was improved in Enalapril group respectively (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01); the wet weight of LV and aorta were reduced, the morphological index was improved, the rise of Ang II in tissue was suppressed, in TGR group significantly.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TGR can attenuate myocardial and aorta hypertrophy induced by renovascular hypertension, and suppress the rise of Ang II in tissue significantly. This suggests that TGR has the effects on interfering LV and aortic hypertrophy by an independent-antihypertensive way.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Angiotensin II , Metabolism , Antihypertensive Agents , Pharmacology , Aorta , Metabolism , Pathology , Drug Combinations , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Enalapril , Pharmacology , Gastrodia , Chemistry , Hypertension, Renovascular , Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular , Metabolism , Pathology , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Random Allocation , Rats, Wistar , Uncaria , ChemistryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the acute and chronic renal toxicity induced by Radix Aristolochiae Fangchi Extract (RAFE) in different doses in rats.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The conventional method of acute toxicity was used. RAFE at the dose of 25.0 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1), 120.0 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) and 200.0 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) and aristolochic acid (AA, 10.0 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1)) were interruptedly administrated to rats for 13 week by gastric tube, and the sample of blood, urine and kidney were collected at 4 week, 8 week and 13 week respectively. The indexes of renal function were measured and the morphology of kidney was observed.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>LD50 of RAFE was 36.8 g x kg(-1) (the crude drug) and the 95% confidence limit was 38.8 - 28.9 g x kg(-1). The changes of renal functions were azotemia, massive proteinuria and the increase of urinary NAGase (beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase) in the earlier period of administration with RAFE in rats. Pathological changes of renal tissue were as follows: acute renal tubular necrosis mainly in the boundary of cortex and medulla was observed in the earlier period, and with the elongation of administration, the pathological process of renal interstitial fibrosis observed in the middle and high groups of RAFE and AA group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>RAFE at middle and high doses administrated by interrupted gavage above 13 week can cause the injury of renal tubular functions in rats. NAGase can be used as one of observation targets in the earlier period of renal injury.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Mice , Rats , Acetylglucosaminidase , Urine , Aristolochia , Chemistry , Toxicity , Aristolochic Acids , Toxicity , Blood Urea Nitrogen , Body Weight , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Toxicity , Fibrosis , Kidney Tubules , Pathology , Plant Roots , Chemistry , Toxicity , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Toxicity , Proteinuria , Random Allocation , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of Tianzhi Keli (TZ) on acetylcholine (ACh) and catecholamine levels in striatum of rats with neuromitochondrial impairment, and try to find out the neuroprotective mechanism of TZ.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The microdialysis and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-post column Immobilized enzyme reactor (IMER)-electrochemical detection (ED) were used to establish a model of mitochondrial energy metabolism impairment which induced by perfusion with sodium azide (NaN3), and measure continuously the effects of TZ on extracellular ACh, choline (Ch) and catecholamine of model rats.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>After perfusion with NaN3, ACh, noradrenalin (NE), adrenaline (E), dopamine (DA), 3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl-aletic (DOPAC), and homovanillic acid (HVA) levels were decreased obviously (P < 0.05-0.01), while Ch level was increased distinctly (P < 0.01). Transmitters levels were recovered individually after stop the perfusion with NaN3. TZ can postpone the decrease of ACh and advance the recover of Ch. The effect of TZ coupled with duxil on increasing ACh level is more obviously than effect of TZ or duxil. TZ is also showing a tendency to postpone the decrease of catecholamine and advance its recovery. TZ coupled with duxil can advance the recovery of DOPAC and adjust the metabolic abnormity positively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TZ has effect on protecting impairment of choline neurosystem, which induced by damage of mitochondrion and abnormity of energy metabolism; coupled with duxil have synergistic action. TZ also has tendency to protect the impairment of epinephrine and dopamine neurosystem.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid , Metabolism , Acetylcholine , Metabolism , Catecholamines , Metabolism , Corpus Striatum , Metabolism , Dopamine , Metabolism , Drug Combinations , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Extracellular Space , Metabolism , Gastrodia , Chemistry , Microdialysis , Mitochondrial Diseases , Metabolism , Norepinephrine , Metabolism , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Sodium Azide , Uncaria , ChemistryABSTRACT
The effects of Gastrodia elata on preventing decrepitude and advancing memory are closely associated with its neuroprotective activity. Previous researches proved that G. elata, its active components and preparations played a neuroprotective role by affecting the excitotoxicity, nitric monoxide (NO) system, neuroglia, biomembrane, oxidative neurotoxicity, apoptosis et al. Recent researches also suggest that reducing energy metabolism impairment, anti-inflammatory and immune modulating function may be new research targets of neuroprotective mechanism of G. elata.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Antioxidants , Pharmacology , Apoptosis , Calcium , Metabolism , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Excitatory Amino Acids , Gastrodia , Chemistry , Neuroprotective Agents , Pharmacology , Nitric Oxide , Metabolism , Nitric Oxide Synthase , Metabolism , Plants, Medicinal , ChemistryABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of Tianma Gouteng Fang (TGF) on the transmitter amino acids in the hippocampus extracellular liquids in freely moving rats subjected to incomplete brain ischemia.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Hippocampus extracellular liquids was collected continuously by the microdialysis sampling technology in freely moving rats during pre-ischemia, incomplete ischemia and reperfusion periods induced by the occlusion and loose of both common carotid arteries. Each dialysate sample was assayed for GABA, Tau, Glu, Cys and Arg with HPLC-electrochemical detector.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>TGF increased the concentrations of GABA and Tau in the extracellular liquids of rat hippocampus. Compared with the model group, the concentration of Glu in the middle and large dosage groups of TGF, during the 120 min of ischemia, reduced by 38.64% and 31.35%, Tau increased by 13.99% and 12.86%, GABA advanced 25.89% and 33.99%, Cys decreased by 40.93% and 42.08%, Arg raised to 116.95% and 108.96%, respectively. After 120 min of reperfusion, the concentration of Glu decreased by 14.55% and 11.48%, Tau increased by 16.13% and 14.03%, GABA increased by 24.41% and 26.22%, respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TGF can increase the concentration of inhibitory amino acids in hippocampus extracellular liquids of rats and inhibit the excessive release of excitatory amino acids and raise the concentration of the inhibitory amino acids and Arg during the ischemia-reperfusion periods. Therefore, TGF can play the neuroprotective role.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Arginine , Metabolism , Brain Ischemia , Metabolism , Drug Combinations , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Excitatory Amino Acids , Metabolism , Extracellular Space , Metabolism , Gastrodia , Chemistry , Hippocampus , Metabolism , Neuroprotective Agents , Pharmacology , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Reperfusion Injury , Metabolism , Taurine , Metabolism , Uncaria , Chemistry , gamma-Aminobutyric Acid , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical effect of Tianzhi Granule (TZK) on senile vascular dementia (VaD), which is classified as sthenia of liver-yang.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Two hundred VaD patients were treated with TZK (0.5 g/bag), which was taken one bag each, three times a day. The treatment course was one month and they were treated for rwo courses.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>TZK could remarkably increase gnosia and activity, with no striking difference from that of positive control group (P > 0.05). Simultaneously, TZK could significantly improve the clinical syndrome of traditional Chinese medicine and viability. It could also drastically reduce the whole blood and plasma viscosity and improve erythrodegeneration and abnormality of aggregation index in the abnormal blood viscosity patients.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TMC has certain effects on senile VaD.</p>
Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Middle Aged , Blood Viscosity , Dementia, Vascular , Blood , Drug Therapy , Double-Blind Method , Drug Combinations , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Therapeutic Uses , Erythrocyte Aggregation , Erythrocyte Deformability , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Multicenter Studies as Topic , Phytotherapy , Plants, Medicinal , Chemistry , Recognition, PsychologyABSTRACT
Higenamine (HG) is a potent cardioactive benzylisoquinoline alkaloid isolated from Aconiti tuber which has long been used as a cardiotonic in traditional Chinese medicine. HG exerts various effects on the cardio-circulatory system inotropic and chronotropic in isolated rat atria. It also relaxes isolated rat aorta. It inhibits epinephrine, ADP or collagen-induced platelet aggregation in platelet rich plasma. HG inhibits LPS-induced nitrate accumulation and the expression of iNOS mRNA in RAW 264.7 cells. HG lowers blood pressure in rats and increases the recovery rates in acute thrombosis model of mice, and lower the weight of thrombus formed in the arterio-venous shunt model of rats. Higenamine also has ameliorative effects in the LPS-induced DIC model.