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1.
J. Bras. Patol. Med. Lab. (Online) ; 56: e1842020, 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1134615

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Introduction: Many factors can impact the performance of diagnostic assays for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, affecting the results of population surveys. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of point-of-care rapid tests (RT) used for HIV diagnosis as compared to conventional tests in blood samples from a population of transvestites and transsexual women. Methods: A total of 1,385 samples with HIV RT results were submitted to Instituto Adolfo Lutz for evaluation by conventional laboratory tests. Results: HIV positivity was confirmed by conventional laboratory tests in 100% of the 240 (17.3%) samples with reactive RT. However, 1,145 (82.7%) samples with non-reactive RT results were evaluated; three (0.3%) tested positive and one (0.1%), indeterminate for HIV. Although a proportion of discordant results were found, the point-of-care RTs showed a high confirmation rate when compared to the serological tests. Conclusion: The data of this study corroborate the importance of adopting effective management tools to ensure quality of HIV infection diagnosis.


RESUMEN Introducción: Muchos factores pueden impactar en el desempeño pruebas para diagnóstico de la infección por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), comprometiendo los resultados de investigaciones poblacionales. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el desempeño de pruebas rápidas (PR) en el punto de atención utilizadas para diagnosticar el VIH en relación con las pruebas convencionales en muestras de sangre de la población de travestis y mujeres transexuales en la ciudad de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil. Métodos: Un total de 1.385 muestras con resultados de PR de VIH se remitieron al Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL), para ser evaluadas por pruebas de laboratorio convencionales. Resultados: De las 240 (17,3%) muestras que presentaron resultado reactivo en las PR, positividad para VIH se confirmó en el 100% por pruebas de laboratorio convencionales. Sin embargo, de las 1.145 (82,7%) muestras evaluadas con resultado de PR non reactivo, tres (0,3%) se presentaron reactivas y una (0,1%), indeterminada para VIH. Aunque un porcentaje de resultados falsos negativos en las PR ha sido encontrado, las pruebas realizadas en el punto de atención poseen alta tasa de confirmación cuando comparadas con las pruebas serológicas. Conclusión: Los datos de este estudio resaltan la importancia de adoptar herramientas de gestión eficaces para garantizar la calidad del diagnóstico de la infección por VIH.


RESUMO Introdução: Muitos fatores podem impactar no desempenho dos testes para diagnóstico da infecção pelo vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV), comprometendo os resultados de pesquisas populacionais. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o desempenho dos testes rápidos (TR) - point-of-care - utilizados para o diagnóstico do HIV em relação aos ensaios convencionais em amostras de sangue da população de travestis e mulheres transexuais da cidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil. Métodos: Ao Instituto Adolfo Lutz (IAL), 1.385 amostras com os resultados dos TR do HIV foram encaminhadas para serem avaliadas por testes laboratoriais convencionais. Resultados: Das 240 (17,3%) amostras que apresentaram resultado reagente nos TR, a positividade para HIV foi confirmada em 100% por testes laboratoriais convencionais. Entretanto, das 1.145 (82,7%) amostras com resultado de TR não reagente avaliadas, três (0,3%) apresentaram-se reagentes e uma (0,1%), indeterminada para HIV. Embora uma porcentagem de resultados falso-negativos nos TR tenha sido encontrada, os testes realizados em campo possuem alta taxa de confirmação quando comparados com os testes sorológicos. Conclusão: Os dados deste estudo ressaltam a importância da adoção de ferramentas de gestão eficazes para assegurar a qualidade do diagnóstico da infecção por HIV.

2.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 11(1): 20-26, Feb. 2007. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-454678

ABSTRACT

A cross-sectional analysis was carried out to describe adverse reactions to antiretroviral therapy (ART) reported by HIV-infected patients initiating treatment at two public health AIDS referral centers in Belo Horizonte, Brazil, 2001-2003 and to verify their association with selected variables. Adverse reactions were obtained through interview at the first follow-up visit (first month) after the antiretroviral prescription. Socio-demographic and behavioral variables related to ART were obtained from baseline and follow-up interviews and clinical variables from medical charts. Patients with four or more reactions were compared to those with less than four. Odds ratio with 95 percent confidence interval were estimated using logistic regression model for both univariate and multivariate analyses. At least one adverse reaction was reported by 92.2 percent of the participants while 56.2 percent reported four or more different reactions. Antiretroviral regimens including indinavir/ritonavir, irregular use of antiretrovirals and switch in regimens were independently associated with four or more adverse reactions (OR=7.92, 5.73 and 2.03, respectively). The initial period of ARV treatment is crucial and patients´ perception of adverse reactions should be carefully taken into account. Strategies for monitoring and management of adverse reactions including the choice of regimens and the prevention of irregular ART should be developed in AIDS/HIV referral centers in Brazil to promote better adherence to antiretroviral therapy.


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Anti-HIV Agents/adverse effects , Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active/adverse effects , HIV Infections/drug therapy , Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use , Brazil/epidemiology , Epidemiologic Methods , Socioeconomic Factors
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