ABSTRACT
Objective To quantify Contribution to LE at Birth from Mortality Variation for Some Diseases in Shanghai.Methods Health problem for population was classified into 5 group: infectious group,tumor,cerebrovascular group,injury and others.Cause elimination life table methods was employed to analyze the mortality registry data for Shanghai residents during 1953 to 1999.Chisquare for trend was used to analyze the variation for ASMR and Pearson correlation was used to describe the relationship between the variation of LE at birth and social economic factors.Results During 1953 to 1999,crude mortality rate(CMR),mortality rate by area,age-specific mortality rate(ASMR) from infectious group diseases showed obvious trends of descending.Also CMR and ASMR from injury for urban residents showed obvious trends of ascending.However,for suburb residents,CMR from injury had a trend of decline but ASMR had no significant trend.CMR from tumor and cerebrovascular group for Shanghai residents showed a rising trend but mortality rate by area and ASMR not.After 1979,the proportion of contribution for the rise of LE at birth for Shanghai urban residents from infectious group was about 33%,which was much higher than that of other 3 groups.The proportions of contribution in suburb male group from injury and cerebrovascular were 40.26% and 25.18%,respectively.The variation of mortality risk from tumor for urban male residents gave a negative contribution to respondent rise of LE at birth.Besides,the proportions of contribution in suburb female group from infectious disease(21.60%) and injury(12.55%) were largest.Compared to the mortality in 1996,among infectious group,injuries,tumor and cerebrovascular group,potential decline of mortality from tumor contribute the most to the rise of LE at birth,cerebrovascular group has the second,injury had the third and infectious group has the least.Development of Shanghai medical service resource showed a significant correlation with the rise of LE at birth.Conclusion Shanghai has successfully prevented and controlled the infectious disease group.The future strategy for disease prevention and control ought to focus on tumor,cerebrovascular diseases and injury.Based on the theory of risk competing,cause elimination life table method help greatly to set proper LE aims for public health plan.
ABSTRACT
Objective To assess the relationship between acute exposure to gaseous air pollutants (SO2, NO2) and daily mortality in Shanghai. Methods Semi-parametric generalized additive model was used to analyze the relationship between SO2/NO2 concentrations and daily death numbers from January 1, 2001 to December 31, 2004 in the urban area of Shanghai after adjustment for the long-term trend of death, weather conditions, and "days of the week" effect. Results An increase of 10 ?g/m3 of SO2 could increase the total mortality, cardiovascular disease mortality and respiratory disease mortality by 1.25%(95%CI: 0.85%-1.65%), 1.45%(95%CI: 0.86%-2.04%) and 1.71%(95%CI: 0.72%-2.71%) respectively; as for an increase of 10 ?g/m3 of NO2, the mortalities could be increased by 1.04%(95%CI: 0.72%-1.35%), 1.05%(95%CI: 0.59%-1.51%) and 1.43%(95%CI: 0.65%-2.21%) respectively. Conclusion The air SO2, NO2 of present levels in Shanghai have an adverse effect on the daily mortality of residents.
ABSTRACT
Objective To seek out the factors that influenced the mortality of population due to heat wave in Shanghai in summer(15 June-15 September). Methods Daily data of mortality of all causes, meteorological and air pollution in Shanghai in 1998 and 2003 were collected. Multivariate analysis was employed to investigate the relationship between mortality and heat wave intensity, duration, and timing within the summer season and air pollution concentrations. Results The heat wave in 1998 was more severe and caused a higher mortality than that in 2003. In 1998 heat wave, the heat wave duration,timing within the summer season were significantly associated with the daily number of deaths,while in 2003, besides the above two factors the daily maximum temperature also played an important role. Air pollution level slightly increased in heat wave and some factors such as air conditioner number, living space and urban greenbelt area could be used to explain the distinctive difference of heat related mortality between 1998 and 2003. Conclusion High temperature is the crucial factor for the high mortality of population due to heat wave in Shanghai in summer(15 June-15 September) in 1998 and 2003. Using air condition and enlarging living space will help to decrease the mortality.