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Organic chemistry is an important foundation course for medicine, chemistry and other majors in universities and colleges. In this study, combined with the characteristics of pharmacy students in local colleges and universities, teachers introduced case teaching, enhanced curriculum connotation, and explored the integration of green chemistry concepts into the teaching process of organic chemistry, so as to cultivate pharmaceutical professionals with environmental protection concept and safety awareness. The practice shows that this teaching model not only improves students' attention to organic chemistry and learning efficiency, but also improves students' comprehensive quality.
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Objective: To evaluate the change of tooth root volume and length after rapid maxillary expansion by CBCT three dimensional reconstruction method. Methods: 33 patients underwent rapid maxillary expansion were examined by CBCT before and after treatment. The CBCT images of the first,second premolars and the first molars were segmented and reconstructed by Mimics image processing software for the analysis of the changes of root volume and length. All data were analyzed by SPSS software statistically. Results: After maxillary expansion,all root volumes were reduced(P ＜ 0. 05),more reduction was observed in anchorage teeth than in non-anchorage teeth(P ＜ 0. 05). The length of most teeth roots was not decreased(P＞ 0. 05) except the buccal and distal roots of the first molars(P ＜ 0. 05). Conclusion: Rapid maxillary expansion may result in root resorption and this resorption is mainly based on the volume decrease.
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BACKGROUND:Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS),a chitin derivative,has a good application performance that makes it become a safe and effective hemostatic material.OBJECTIVE:To determine the hemostatic effect of CMCS and its biosecurity properties.METHODS:(1) CMCS powder was scattered on the caudal vein and liver wounds of Sprague-Dawley rats,and the hemostatic time was recorded as experimental group,while the time for natural haemostasis of the wound was recorded as control group.(2) CMCS powder was scattered on the tail,femoral artery and liver wounds of ICR mice,and the hemostatic time was recorded as experimental group,while the time for natural haemostasis of the wound was recorded as control group.(3) CMCS,Sodium dodecyl sulfate solution and distilled water were respectively applied on the skin of albino rabbits in a skin irritation test.(4) A delayed-type hypersensitivity test of CMCS was carried out by intradermal injection of CMCS in guinea pigs.(5) An intradermal irritation test was carried out by subcutaneous injection of normal saline containing CMCS and normal saline,respectively.Another intradermal irritation test was carried out by subcutaneous injection of the supernatant of CMCS olive oil extract and olive oil,respectively.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Compared with the control group,the hemostatic time for caudal vein and liver wounds were significantly shortened in the Sprague-Dawley rats in the experimental group (P ＜ 0.01).(2) Compared with the control group,the time of hemostasis on the tail,femoral artery and liver wounds was significantly shortened in the ICR mice in the experimental group (P ＜ 0.05 or P ＜ 0.01).(3) The CMCS had no irritation to the skin of albino rabbits and no allergic reaction to the skin of guinea pigs.To conclude,the CMCS has good hemostatic effect on the wound in Sprague-Dawley rats and ICR mice,and has no skin irritation,allergic reactions and intradermal irritation reactions in albino rabbits and guinea pigs,which is a relatively safe hemostatic material.
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Objective:To evaluate the effects of maxillary protraction with or without rapid maxillary expansion in the treatment of Class Ⅲ malocclusion by Meta-Analysis.Methods:The randomized controlled trail,quasi-randomized controlled trail and the clinical controlled trail about the treatment of Class Ⅲ malocclusion by protraction with or without expansion were searched in the database of Cochrane Library,Embase,PubMed,Medline,CBM,Wan Fang,CNKI,VIP.2 authors qualified and extracted the data independently.Then the Meta-analysis was performed by using the RevMan 5.3 software.Results:7 studies with 228 cases were included,114 cases were treated by maxillary protraction with expansion and the other 114 cases by maxillary protraction without expansion.The Meta-analysis showed that:there was no significant difference in SNA,SNB,ANB and SN-PP except ANS-Me,U1-NA,SN-MP.A favorable improvement of the sagittal relationship between maxillary and mandibular was observed by using protraction whether with expansion or not.The expansion did not shorten the course of treatment,but it lowered the inclination of upper incisors,resulting in more clockwise rotation of mandibular plane and increase of the facial vertical dimension.Conclusion:Maxillary protraction with rapid maxillary expansion can be used in the treatment of class Ⅲ malocclusion with incisor labioclination.
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Objective:To investigate efficacy of modified expander in the treatment of non-extraction patients with Angel Ⅰ maloccul-sion.Methods:1 4 Angel Ⅰcases aged 1 0 -1 4 years treated by non-extraction and fixed rapid expander.Jaw bones of the cases were laser scanned before(T1 )and after treatment(T2).The differences of arch width and length between T1 and T2 were analyzed.The In-dex of treatment complexity,outcome and need(ICON)was used to assess the pre-treatment and post-treatment study models.Data were statistically analysed with SPSS1 3.0 software.Results:The arch width increased significantly from T1 to T2.Good occlusal rela-tionship and soft tissue profiles were achieved in all cases.All cases were evaluated as greatly improved by ICON.Conclusion:AngelⅠ malocclusion can be treated successfully by increasing arch width with fixed rapid expander technique without tooth extraction.
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Objective:To study the dental and skeletal changes after orthodontic treatment for malocclusion patients with rapid maxil-lary and mandibular expansion companied with fixed appliance.Methods:36 patients underwent the treatment with rapid maxillary and mandibular expansion companied with straight wire appliance.Pre-and post-treatment dental casts and lateral cephalometric radiographs were measured and compared.Results:After treatment,the maxillary and mandibular arch width perimeters increased(P 0.05).U1-SN and U1-NA decreased,L1-MP and L1-NB increased(P <0.05).Conclusion:Dental crowding can be solved effectively and occlusion re-lationship can be kept well with rapid maxillary and mandibular expansion companied with straight wire appliance without influence on the vertical skeletal relationship.
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Among several intraoral distalizing devices,the pendulum appliance is one of the most commonly used noncompliance appli-ances.It is widely used to correct Class Ⅱ molar relationship.More healthy teeth can be preserved with the using of pendulum appliance in the tooth extraction of borderline cases.The pendulum appliance was modified and used in clinic.Long-term observasion showed that the modified pendulum appliace is effective in orthodontic treatment.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the association between small ubiquitin-related modifier-1 (SUMO-1) gene rs6709162, rs7599810, rs7580433 polymorphism and non-syndromic oral clefting (NSOC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Our study consisted of 208 Ningxia NSOC patients, their parents (189 fathers and 176 mothers), 172 nuclear families (patients and their parents), and 284 normal controls. DNA was extracted and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphisms (PCR-RFLP) was used to identify rs6709162, rs7599810, rs7580433 genotypes of the samples. The data was analyzed by case-control analysis, family based associated test (FBAT), and transmission disequilibrium test (TDT).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Case-control study found that TT genotype's frequency was significantly different in cleft lip and cleft palate group compared with the control group at rs7599810 of SUMO-1 (P=0.01, P=0.01). TDT test showed that rs7599810's T allele had over-transmitted (P=0.00) in cleft lip and palate group. FBAT analysis revealed that distribution of rs7599810's TT genotype and T allele was significantly different (P=0.00, P=0.00). TDT test showed that rs6709162's C allele in cleft palate and cleft lip and palate patients had over-transmitted (P=0.00, P=0.01). rs7580433's G allele in cleft lip group had over-transmitted (P=0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SUMO-1 gene polymorphism is associated with NSOC.</p>
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Case-Control Studies , Cerebellar Ataxia , Cleft Lip , Cleft Palate , Genotype , Intellectual Disability , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Polymorphism, Genetic , SUMO-1 Protein , Genetics , UbiquitinsABSTRACT
Objective To establish a double-antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) for the rapid detection of germ tube-specific antigens of Candida albicans,and to evaluate its specificity and sensitivity.Methods A DAS-ELISA was established with the monoclonal antibody McAb03.2C1-C2 as the primary antibody,and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labeled McAb03.2C1-C2 as the secondary antibody.The established assay was used to detect germ tube-specific antigens of Candida albicans in sera from 5 patients with systemic Candida albicans infection and from 6 rabbit models at 12,24,48,72hours,on week 1,2 after infection with Candida albicans.Results A good liner relationship was observed between the absorbance value at 495 nm and antigen concentrations when the titer of McAb03.2C1-C2 was 1 ∶ 4000 and the concentration of coated antigen varied from 1.25 to 40 μg/ml.The specificity and sensitivity of the DAS-ELISA were 95％ and 92％ respectively in the detection of germ tube-specific antigens in the rabbit models.The results of detection with DAS-ELISA in serum specimens from the patients were consistent with those with the routine method.Conclusions A DAS-ELISA is primarily established for the rapid detection of germ tube-specific antigens of Candida albicans,and has shown a satisfactory sensitivity and specificity in the animal model experiment.
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The charge transfer reaction between albendazole and chloranilic acid in alcohol-acetone solution was studied spectrophotometrically. The apparent molar absorptivity is 8.03×103 L*mol－1*cm－1 at 525 nm. The Beer′s law was obeyed in the range of 0～280 mg/L of albendazode. The composition of complex is 1∶1. The proposed method was applied to the determination of albendazole tablets with satisfactory results.