ABSTRACT
The women of developing countries are at risk of pregnancy-related complications including pre-eclampsia/ eclampsia, obstructed labor, sepsis etc. Obstructed labor results due to three delays while woman is full term and is in labor. If detected and managed early and correctly, the pregnancies can be made safe and may result in birth of healthy babies. [1] To assess frequency of obstructed labor among pregnant women. [2]To determine socio-demographic risk factors associated with obstructed labor among study population. [3]To determine outcomes of obstructed labor among pregnant women. It was a hospital based descriptive cross sectional study. Two months. Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics units I, II and III of Liaquat University Hospital [LUH] Hyderabad. To estimate the frequency, risk factors and outcomes of obstructed labor as of third trimester adverse pregnancy outcomes and to seek association of this adverse pregnancy outcome with the socio-demographic characteristics of the pregnant women i.e. their age, residence, parity, level of education and socio economic class. Out of total six hundred and nine women enrolled in the study, only 22 [3.61%] were in obstructed labor. 63.64% of them were of age > 30 years. More than 60% women in obstructed labor had reported from rural areas; and more than eighty percent of them were illiterate and belonged to lower socio-economic class. Only 4.55% of the women in obstructed labor were the booked cases. All the cases of obstructed labor were at full term. Cesarean section was done on 90.90% women. Not a single maternal mortality was reported among women enrolled in the study as obstructed labor. Neglected obstructed labor is a major public health issue. It can be avoided by addressing various socio-demographic determinants of pregnant women
ABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to determine the causes, incidence and distribution of maxillofacial injuries. This was a descriptive study performed at the tertiary care hospital of Larkana [Accident and Emergency Department of Chandka Medical College, Hospital and Outpatient's Department of Bibi Aseefa Dental College Hospital, Larkana] from 1st February 2011 to 30th August 2013. Two hundred and eighty eight patients of maxillofacial injuries were included in this study patients less than 11 years of age, suffering from neurological disorders and patients with isolated cases of dental and nasal injuries or only with facial lacerations were excluded. Information and data were collected from history, clinical examination and surgical preoperative records of each patient. Results showed that the most common etiology was road traffic accident [170] 59%, interpersonal violence [31] 10.76%, gunshot injuries [28] 9.7%, falls [19] 6.5% and others [40] 13.88%. The mandible was the most frequent bone fractured, which accounted for [148] 50.38% followed by zygomatic complex [52] 18% and [24] 8.3% maxillary bone. Fracture in combination form involved [64] 22%. It was concluded that road traffic accident was the most common etiological factor of maxillofacial skeletal trauma, while second most common cause was the interpersonal violence. Mandible was the most commonly fractured bone
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: A large number of children suffering from pneumonia fail to reach health facilities well in time because their mothers fail to recognize seriousness of their illness. Early recognition of symptoms of pneumonia by mothers and their participation in effective case management of pneumonia may reduce childhood mortality in our population
METHODOLOGY OBJECTIVES: To determine the mothers' perceptions regarding pneumonia in children and the home remedies used by them to treat pneumonia in children
STUDY DESIGN: A descriptive cross sectional study conducted on four hundred and eighty eight mothers taking care of their children of age less than three years. It was conducted among houses of Union Council Jhudo
RESULTS: Fast breathing and chest indrawing were most commonly reported symptoms for pneumonia [59.4%]. The study revealed statistically significant association of symptoms identification by mothers with higher educational status [p=0.04], living in joint families [p=0.05] and higher parity [p= 0.02]. Majority of the mothers [94.4%] were using two or more home remedies for their children. Honey was the most commonly utilized remedy for pneumonia [82.4%], followed by green tea [44.7%] and Vicks massage [43.2%]
CONCLUSIONS: The study concluded with the recommendations that IMNCI community component may be strengthened and better education to the care takers should be given, especially to mothers to enable them to recognize signs of pneumonia in order to improve the case detection of pneumonia, its early referral and in reducing mortality due to pneumonia