The Relationship between an Accessory Maxillary Ostium and Variations in Structures Adjacent to the Maxillary Sinus without Polyps

Abstract Introduction The maxillary sinus and its variations are very important to dentistry and rhinology. Objective To investigate the effect of the accessory maxillary ostium (AMO) on the variations of adjacent structures of the maxillary sinus. Methods The computed tomography (CT) images of 400 patients were retrospectively evaluated. The prevalence of AMO was calculated. The relationship between morphological variations of adjacent structures of maxillary sinus such as agger nasi cell (ANC), Haller cell (HC), nasal septum deviation (NSD), hypertrophy of inferior concha (HIC), pneumatization of middle concha (PMC), mucus retention cyst (MRC), mucosal thickening (MT), and maxillary sinusitis (MS), as well as the presence of AMO, were investigated. Results Presence of AMO was diagnosed in 42 patients (10.5%), having been found in 4.5% of the patients only on the right side, in 1.25% of the patients only on the left side, and in 4.75% of the patients on both sides. There is an increasing incidence of ANC, HC, NSD, HIC, and PMC in the presence of AMO and MS. There is a decreasing incidence of MRC in the presence of AMO. Furthermore, AMO does not affect the incidence of MT. Conclusion This study showed that most parameters, except for MRC and MT, had increasing incidence in the presence of AMO. It is important for radiologists and rhinologists to have knowledge about the location of AMO and the presence of variations of MS adjacent structures to avoid surgical complications.

Evaluation of the prevalence of bifid mandibular condyle detected on cone beam computed tomography images in a Turkish population / Evaluación de la prevalencia de cóndilo mandibular bífido detectado en tomografía computadorizada cone-beam en una población turca

The aim of this study was to assess the frequency of the BMC phenomenon in a Turkish patient population. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 2634 consecutive patients were retrospectively reviewed. The Chi-squared test was used to determine potential differences in the distribution of BMCs when stratified by sex and side. Among the 2634 patients, 42 (1.7%) patients were found to have BMC. Of these 42 patients, 22 were female (0.8%) and 20 were male (0.7%) with age ranging from 29 to 68 years (mean age 47.47). Among the 42 patients, 39 (92.8%) of the BMCs were unilateral and three (7.1%) were bilateral. Approximately 24 cases (53.3%) were on the right side, and 21 cases (46.6%) were on the left side. All of the BMCs showed a mediolateral orientation. The mean depth of the BMC was 2.55 mm in males and 2.68 mm in females. 2 patients have symptoms whereas the other patients were atraumatic and asymptomatic. BMC is a rare condition that might be more prevalent in the Turkish population. Greater detailed information regarding BMC could be obtained by the widespread use of CBCT in epidemiological studies.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la frecuencia del fenómeno CMB en una población de pacientes de Turquía. Se revisaron imágenes consecutivas de tomografía computarizada (CBCT) de 2.634 pacientes retrospectivamente. Se utilizó la prueba de Chi-cuadrado para determinar las posibles diferencias en la distribución de CMB estratificado por sexo y lado. Entre los 2.634 pacientes, se encontró que 42 (1,7%) pacientes tenían CMB. De estos 42 pacientes, 22 eran mujeres (0,8%) y 20 eran varones (0,7%), con edades entre 29 a 68 años (promedio edad 47,47). Entre los 42 pacientes, 39 (92,8%) del CMB fueron unilaterales y tres (7,1%) fueron bilaterales. Aproximadamente 24 casos (53,3%) estaban en el lado derecho, y 21 casos (46,6%) estaban en el lado izquierdo. Todas las CMB mostraron una orientación mediolateral. La profundidad media de la CMB era 2,55 mm en los hombres y 2,68 mm en las mujeres. Dos de los pacientes presentaron síntomas, mientras que en el resto de los pacientes no presentó trauma ni síntomas. CMB es una afección poco común que podría ser más frecuente en la población turca. Mayor información y detalle sobre CMB se podría obtener en estudios epidemiológicos con el uso generalizado de CBCT.

Bilateral bifid condylar process / Proceso condilar bífido bilateral

The bifid condylar process is a rare alteration that is usually diagnosed as an incidental finding in a panoramic radiograph. The etiology of bifid condylar process is unknown, although the most tenable theory is that of traumatic origin. A 46-year-old woman was referred to our dental department with a complaint of pain and clicking on her temporomandibular joints. A panoramic radiograph showed bilateral bifid condyles Described with bifid condylar process varies from case to case, however in most cases are asymptomatic. The most common and predominant symptoms are temporomandibular joints sounds. The diagnosis of bifid condylar process is based on its radiographic appearance. Some researchers have indicated the necessity of imaging the anomaly by a second imaging method obtained in a different plane, in addition to orthopantomograph, and they have employed different techniques such as CT and magnetic resonance imaging. The bifid condylar process, and particularly the bilateral bifid condylar process, is a rare finding, the etiology of which remains uncertain. It is predominately an asymptomatic condition, discovered by chance on routine radiographic survey. The diagnosis is based on the radiographic manifestations and the treatment is usually conservative.

El proceso condilar bífido es una alteración rara que usualmente se diagnostica como un hallazgo incidental en una radiografía panorámica. La etiología de proceso condilar bífido es desconocida, aunque la teoría más aceptable es la de origen traumático. Una mujer de 46 años de edad, fue remitida a nuestro servicio dental con presencia de dolor y clic en sus articulaciones temporomandibulares. Una radiografía panorámica mostró procesos condilares bífidos bilaterales. La descripción del proceso condilar mandibular bífido varía de caso a caso, sin embargo en la mayoría de los casos son asintomáticos. Los síntomas más comunes y predominantes son los sonidos en las articulaciones temporomandibulares. El diagnóstico de proceso condilar bífido se basa en su aspecto radiográfico. Algunos investigadores han indicado la necesidad de proyección de imagen de la anomalía por un segundo método de imagen obtenida en un plano diferente, además de ortopantomografía, y han empleado diferentes técnicas como la tomografía computarizada y resonancia magnética. El proceso condilar bífido, y en particular bilateral, es un hallazgo poco frecuente, cuya etiología sigue siendo incierta. Es predominantemente una enfermedad asintomática, descubierta por casualidad en examen radiográfico de rutina. El diagnóstico se basa en las manifestaciones radiográficas y el tratamiento suele ser conservador.

Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia: a case report

Florid cemento-osseous dysplasia (FCOD) has been described as a condition that characteristically affects the jaws of middle-aged black women. It usually exhibits as multiple radiopaque cemetum-like masses distributed throughout the jaws. Radiographically, FCOD appears as dense, lobulated masses, often symmetrically located in various regions of the jaws. Computed tomography, because of its ability to give axial, sagittal, and frontal views, is useful in the evaluation of these lesions. This paper presents the case of a patient who was diagnosed with FCOD on the basis of clinical and radiographic findings.

A displasia cemento-óssea florida (DCOF) tem sido descrita como uma condição que afeta tipicamente os maxilares de mulheres negras de meia idade, geralmente exibindo massas radiopacas semelhantes ao cemento, distribuídas nos ossos maxilares. Radiograficamente, a DCOF apresenta-se como densas masas lobuladas, frequentemente distribuídas simetricamente em diversas regiões dos maxilares. A tomografia computadorizada, que oferece vistas axial, sagital e frontal, é útil na avaliação dessas lesões. Este artigo apresenta o caso de uma paciente em que a DCOF foi diagnoasticada com base nos achados clínicos e radiográficos.

An unusual case of talon cusp on a geminated tooth

Talon cusp is a developmental anomaly seen on the lingual surface of anterior teeth. Gemination is an anomaly caused by a single tooth germ that attempted to divide during its development. These developmental anomalies may cause clinical problems including esthetic impairment, pain, caries and tooth crowding. This paper presents an unusual case of gemination accompanied by talon cusp in permanent dentition. The clinical and radiographic findings are described.

Cúspide em garra (talon cusp) é uma anomalia de desenvolvimento que occore na face lingual de dentes anteriores. Geminação é uma anomalia causada quando um germe dental tenta se dividir durante a fase de desnvolvimento. Estas anomalias de desenvolvimento podem causar problemas clínicos tais como comprometimento estético, dor, cárie e apinhamento dental. Este artigo relata um caso incomum de geminação acompanhado de cúspide em garra (talon cusp) na dentição permemente. Os achados clínicos e radiográficos são descritos.