ABSTRACT
Objective·To investigate therapeutic effect of gastrin on steroid-associated osteonecrosis (SAON) in rat model. Methods·Twenty-four SD rats were randomly divided into three groups i.e. normal control group (normal group), SAON control group (SAON group) and SAON treatment group (treatment group). SAON group and treatment group were intravenously injected with lipopolysaccharide 1 time per day (600 μg/kg) for 2 d and meanwhile intramuscularly injected with methylprednisolone 1 time per day (50 mg/kg) for 3 d. Normal group was injected with normal saline of the same volumns. After steroid injections, treatment group was injected with gastrin 1 time per day (800 μg/kg) for 14 d, while SAON group was injected with normal saline of the same volumns. After the treatment, bone trabeculas below femoral head growth plate were dissected in the rats for bone histology. Hematoxylin-eosin (H-E) staining, immunohistochemistry, fluorescence staining and Goldner's trichrome staining were applied in this study. Results·SAON model in rats was successfully established. The result of H-E staining showed that compared with SAON group, thrombus area, number and area of fat cells in the bone marrows of treatment group obviously decreased (all P<0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed that osteogenic transcription factor (Sp7) positive cells in treatment group were more than those in SAON group (P<0.01). Compared with SAON group, osteoid length and area (Goldner′s trichrome staining), and bone formation rate and bone mineralization deposition rate (fluorescence staining) all significantly increased in treatment group (all P<0.01). Conclusion·Gastrin can effectively treat SAON in rats by suppressing thrombus and lipid formation and enhancing bone-formation.
ABSTRACT
Objective·To study the correlation between KRAS,NRAS and BRAF mutations and the clinicopathological features in patients with coloreetal cancer (CRC).Methods·The 461 paraffin-embedded CRC tissues were collected.The mutations in hotspot region of KRAS,NRAS and BRAF genes were investigated using amplification refractory mutation system.The relationship between the mutation rates of each gene and the clinicopathological characteristics in CRC patients were analyzed.TheKRAS and BRAF mutation profile and the impact on promoter methylation of the downstream genes were further investigated in both CRC tissues and cell lines through literatures and the American Type Culture Collection.Results·KRAS,NRAS and BRAF mutation rates in CRC tissues were 44.0％,6.1％ and 5.2％,respectively.KRAS mutations in the right colon were remarkably higher than the left colon (P=0.000).NRAS mutations were more likely to occur in male patients than female patients (P=0.002).BRAF mutation was closely correlated with age,tumor differentiation,tumor location and nerve invasion,but was exclusive of 203 KRAS mutated samples.Contusion·KRAS,NRAS and BRAF mutations were significantly correlated with the clinicopathological features of CRC,and the mutation incompatibility was observed between KRAS and BRAF genes.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the discrepancies between clinical and autopsy diagnoses in hospitals of different grades and with respect to duration of hospitalization.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 188 autopsy cases collected from hospitals of different grades were retrospectively reviewed and the discrepancies between clinical and autopsy diagnoses were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The overall rate of misdiagnosis was 48.9% (92/188). The misdiagnosis rate in grade I hospitals (75.8%, 25/33) was significantly higher than that in grade III (39.6%, 38/96; chi(2) = 12.861, P = 0.000) and grade II hospitals (49.2%, 29/59; chi(2) = 6.179, P = 0.016 ). The misdiagnosis rate of patients beyond 24 hours of admission was lower than that admitted within 24 hours (chi(2) = 20.991, P = 0.000). The overall rate of missed diagnosis was 34.6% (65/188). The rate of missed diagnosis in grade I hospitals was remarkably higher than that of the grade III hospitals (chi(2) = 8.241, P = 0.006). There was no difference between grades I and III hospitals on the rate of missed diagnosis within 24 hours of admission, however, this rate was lower in grade III hospitals in comparing with that of grade I hospitals in patients admitted beyond 24 hours (chi(2) = 5.181, P = 0.047). The distribution of disease entities commonly encountered in patients of both misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis were heart problems, infections, arterial diseases and pulmonary embolism.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The rate of discrepancies between clinical and autopsy diagnoses is relatively high. The misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis rate in grade I hospitals was significantly higher than that in grade III hospitals and was closely related with the duration of hospitalization. Autopsy study thus still remains an important measure in clinical audit.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Aortic Aneurysm , Diagnosis , Pathology , Autopsy , Cause of Death , Diagnostic Errors , Hospitals, Community , Hospitals, General , Hospitals, Teaching , Infections , Diagnosis , Pathology , Length of Stay , Myocardial Infarction , Diagnosis , Pathology , Myocarditis , Diagnosis , Pathology , Pulmonary Embolism , Diagnosis , Pathology , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
Objective To observe the abnormality on behavioral ability of transgenic mice for HRX-EEN fusion gene.Methods Transgenic mice for HRX-EEN fusion gene(transgenic group,n=12)and C57/BL mice(control group,n=12)were tested in hidden platform training(day 1 to day 4)and probe trial testing(day 5)in Morris water maze in which ability of spatial learning and retention was assessed.Results In hidden platform training,the latencies of transgenic group were longer than those in control group,and significant differences were observed between the two groups for day 2,3 and 4(P