Effects of β-lactam antibiotics ceftriaxone on expression of glutamate in hippocampus after traumatic brain injury in rats / 浙江大学学报·医学版

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of β-lactam antibiotics ceftriaxone on the levels of glutamate in hippocampus following traumatic brain injury in rat.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Rats were divided randomly into three groups:sham group; trauma group and trauma+ceftriaxone group. Rats in the later two groups were subjected to a lateral cortical impact injury caused by a free-falling object, and trauma+ceftriaxone group was treated with ceftriaxone immediately after injury. The levels of glutamate in hippocampus was determined by HPLC at 12 h after trauma; the pathological change at 24 h after trauma was examined and water content of brain tissue at 3, 12 and 24 h after trauma was measured in three groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the trauma group,the water content in brain tissue (P<0.05), neuronal death in hippocampus CAl area and the levels of glutamate and aspartate in hippocampus at 12 h (P<0.05) were significantly decreased in trauma+ceftriaxone group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>β-lactam antibiotics ceftriaxone can reduce the level of brain glutamate, brain edema and neuronal death after traumatic brain injury in rat.</p>

Observation on therapeutic effect of multiple cupping at back-shu points on chronic fatigue syndrome / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe therapeutic effect of multiple cupping at back-shu points of zang-and fu-organs on chronic fatigue syndrome.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and ninety-one cases were randomly divided into 2 groups. The multiple cupping group (n = 142) were treated with multiple cupping along both sides of the spinal cord, and the acupuncture group (n = 49) were treated with acupuncture at acupoints selected according to TCM syndrome differentiation. Their therapeutic effects were assessed by clinical symptoms and Fatigue Assessment Indexes (FAI).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rate was 97.9% in the multiple cupping group and 79.6% in the acupuncture group with a very significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.01), and after treatment, there was a very significant difference between the two groups in FAI score (P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Multiple cupping at back-shu points of zang-and fu-organs is an effective method for chronic fatigue syndrome.</p>

Clinical study on the therapeutic effects and mechanism of progesterone in the treatment for acute severe head injury / 中华外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the therapeutic effects of Progesterone (PG) on the patients with acute severe traumatic brain injury, and investigate it's neuroprotective mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifth-six patients with acute severe traumatic head injury were divided randomly into two groups: 26 cases were treated with PG and 30 cases were control. Neurological outcome of the patients were assessed using Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS), verbal and motor functions scale and Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS). The serum concentrations of PG, TNF-alpha and 15-F(2t)-isoprostane were measured at day 1, 5 and 10 after trauma.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the two groups, There were no significant difference in the mortality, GCS of acute healing phase, GOS and verbal and motor functions at 10th days after treatment (P>0.05); After follow-up for 3 months, GOS, verbal functions and KPSin the PG treatment group were better than those in the control group (P<0.05); In addition, there was no difference of motor functions in the two groups (P>0.05). At 5th day after trauma, serum 15-F(2t)-isoprostane and TNF-alpha levels increased in the control group, but decreased at 10th day after trauma. Compared with the control group serum PG levels increased, serum 15-F(2t)-isoprostane and TNF-alpha levels reduced significantly in the PG treatment group at 5th and 10th day after injury (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>It indicated that successive early application of PG will benefit the patients with acute severe head injury by improving the recovery and reducing the disability, which may be related to its alleviating inflammatory and lipid peroxidation response.</p>

Effects of beta-Aescin on the expression of nuclear factor-kappaB and tumor necrosis factor-alpha after traumatic brain injury in rats / 浙江大学学报（英文版）（B辑：生物医学和生物技术）

To investigate the inhibiting effect of beta-Aescin on nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) protein after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the rat brain, 62 SD rats were subjected to lateral cortical impact injury caused by a free-falling object and divided randomly into four groups: (1) sham operated (Group A); (2) injured (Group B); (3) beta-Aescin treatment (Group C); (4) pyrrolidine dithocarbamate (PDTC) treatment (Group D). Beta-Aescin was administered in Group C and PDTC treated in Group D immediately after injury. A series of brain samples were obtained directly 6 h, 24 h and 3 d respectively after trauma in four groups. NF-kappaB activation was examined by Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA); the levels of TNF-alpha protein were measured by radio-immunoassay (RIA); the water content of rat brain was measured and pathomorphological observation was carried out. NF-kappaB activation, the levels of TNF-alpha protein and the water content of rat brain were significantly increased (P<0.01) following TBI in rats. Compared with Group B, NF-kappaB activation (P<0.01), the levels of TNF-alpha protein (P<0.01) and the water content of brain (P<0.05) began to decrease obviously after injury in Groups C and D. Beta-Aescin could dramatically inhibit NF-kappaB activation and the expression of TNF-alpha protein in the rat brain, alleviate rat brain edema, and that could partially be the molecular mechanism by which beta-Aescin attenuates traumatic brain edema.