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ObjectiveTo assess the microstructural involvement of gray matter in recovered COVID-19 patients using Synthetic MRI. MethodsThis study was conducted in 29 recovered COVID-19 patients， including severe group （SG， n=11） and ordinary group （OG， n=18）. Healthy volunteers matched by age， sex， BMI and years of education were selected as a healthy control group （HC=23 cases）. Each subject underwent synthetic MRI to generate quantitative T1 and T2 maps， and the T1 and T2 maps were segmented into 90 regions of interest （ROIs） using automatic anatomical labeling （AAL） mapping. T1 and T2 values for each ROI were obtained by averaging all voxels within the ROIs. The T1 and T2 values of the 90 brain regions between the three groups were compared. ResultsRelative to HC， the SG had significantly higher T2 values in bilateral orbital superior frontal gyrus， bilateral parahippocampal gyrus， bilateral putamen， bilateral middle temporal gyrus， bilateral Inferior temporal gyrus， left orbital superior frontal gyrus， left orbital inferior frontal gyrus， left gyrus rectus， left anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyri， right median cingulate and paracingulate gyri， left posterior cingulate gyrus， and left supramarginal gyrus （P＜0.05）； Relative to OG， SG showed significantly increased T2 values in the left rectus gyrus， left parahippocampal gyrus， bilateral middle temporal gyrus， and bilateral inferior temporal gyrus （P＜0.05）. Relative to HC， the T1 values of SG were significantly increased in bilateral orbital superior frontal gyrus， left rectus gyrus， left anterior cingulate and paracingulate gyri， right posterior cingulate gyrus， left parahippocampal gyrus， left lingual gyrus， left putamen， left thalamus（P＜0.05）； Relative to OG， the T1 values of SG were significantly higher in the right posterior cingulate gyrus， right calcarine fissure and surrounding cortex， and left putamen （P＜0.05）. ConclusionsEven after recovering from COVID-19， patients may still have persistent or delayed damage to their brain gray matter structure， which is correlated with the severity of the condition. SyMRI can serve as a sensitive tool to assess the extent of microstructural damage to the central nervous system， aiding in early diagnosis of the disease.
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Objective@#To explore the association between circadian rhythm with depressive and anxiety symptoms of college students in Jinzhou City, to provide a theoretical basis for targeted depression and anxiety prevention among college students.@*Methods@#A total of 1 938 college students were selected by convenient sampling method from November to December 2020 for questionnaire survey. The relationship between circadian rhythm and depression and anxiety symptoms was analyzed by using questionnaire,survey including Self Rating Depression Scale (SDS), Self Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ).@*Results@#There were significant differences in the distribution of depressive symptoms in different majors, smoking, drinking and physical exercise ( χ 2=46.80, 5.88, 5.76, 12.23, P <0.05). There were significant differences in the distribution of anxiety symptoms in different majors, smoking and drinking ( χ 2=9.41, 5.80, 5.56, P <0.05). Stratified analysis showed that the depressive symptoms of different chronotype were statistically varied by age, gender, professional, grade, registered residence, body mass index, smoking, drinking, and sports( χ 2=8.16, 14.42, 12.25, 6.19, 10.99, 15.29, 17.41, 15.63, 7.47, 9.59, 10.51 , P <0.05). The anxiety symptoms of different chronotype were statistically different in age (21 years) and smoking (no), ( χ 2= 8.34 , 7.16, P <0.05). Spearman rank correlation showed that the corrected Mid sleep on Free Days Corrected for Sleep Debt on Work Days (MSFsc) was positively correlated with the standard scores of depression and anxiety ( r s=0.10, 0.09), and social jet lag was positively correlated with the standard scores of depression and anxiety ( r s=0.09, 0.05)( P <0.05). After controlling for age, major, smoking and drinking, binary Logistic regression showed that mean sleep length was inversely correlated with depressive symptoms ( OR =0.82), and weekly insomnia frequency was positively correlated with depressive symptoms ( OR=1.14 ).Early type and intermediate type of chronotypes were negatively correlated with depression ( OR =0.66,0.57). Intermediate type of chronotype was negatively correlated with anxiety symptoms ( OR =0.65).@*Conclusion@#Circadian rhythm is related to depressive and anxiety symptoms,among which the average sleep length, early rise and intermediate sleep patterns are negatively related to depression symptoms, and intermediate sleep patterns and anxiety symptoms, suggesting that circadian rhythm disorder may affect depression and anxiety symptoms.
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Isolated fornix infarction is very rare in cerebral infarction. A case of right column fornix infarction with acute anterograde amnesia as the only manifestation who was diagnosed in the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University in March 2020 was presented. The clinical symptoms were the inability to recall recent events, repeated speech. Head magnetic resonance suggested right fornix column infarction and diffusion tensor imaging showed reduction of right fornix fiber bundles. The symptoms improved significantly after conventional treatment of cerebral infarction and improving intelligence treatment.
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Bioadhesive delivery systems with sustained release characteristics can promote the absorption and increase the bio-availability of drugs by prolonging the residence time on the applied site. The evaluation of adhesion property of bioadhesive drug deliv-ery systems is important because the sustained release effect and the absorption are closely related with the adhesion. The methods for the evaluation of the adhesive properties of bioadhesive drug delivery systems in vitro were summarized in the article, including determi-ning the minimum peel force, measuring the residues on mucosa surface, determining the retention time on mucosal surface, measuring the swelling and the viscosity of fluid and so on, and the operation of some methods were described simply as well.
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This study examined the value of volume rendering (VR) interpretation in assessing the growth of pulmonary nodular ground-glass opacity (nGGO). A total of 47 nGGOs (average size, 9.5 mm; range, 5.7-20.6 mm) were observed by CT scanning at different time under identical parameter settings. The growth of nGGO was analyzed by three radiologists by comparing the thin slice (TS) CT images of initial and repeat scans with side-by-side cine mode. One week later synchronized VR images of the two scans were compared by side-by-side cine mode to evaluate the nGGO growth. The nodule growth was rated on a 5-degree scale: notable growth, slight growth, dubious growth, stagnant growth, shrinkage. Growth standard was defined as: Density increase ≥ 30 HU and (or) diameter increase (by 20% in nodules ≥10 mm, 30% in nodules of 5-9 mm). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) was performed. The results showed that 32 nGGOs met the growth criteria (29 nGGOs showed an increase in density; 1 nGGO showed an increase in diameter; 2 nGGOs showed an increase in both diameter and density). Area under ROC curve revealed that the performance with VR interpretation was better than that with TS interpretation (P<0.01, P<0.05 and P<0.05 for observers A, B and C respectively). Consistency between different observers was excellent with both VR interpretation (κ=0.89 for observers A&C, A&B, B&C) and TS interpretation (κ=0.71 for A&B, κ=0.68 for A&C, κ= 0.74 for B&C), but time spending was less with VR interpretation than with TS interpretation (P<0.0001, P<0.0001 and P<0.05 for observers A, B and C, respectively). It was concluded that VR is a useful technique for evaluating the growth of nGGO.
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The fetal spleen cells were transplanted following the injection of S180 carcinosarcoma into the muscle,abdominal cavity,peripheral veins and portal vein in mice.The size inhibitory rate of the transplanted tumor and natural killer activity were evaluated 30 and 60 days after the injection.It was found that the growth of transplanted tumor was dramatically inhibited and natural killer activity was increased 30 days after the transplantation.But 60 days after the transplantation only portal venous transplanted tumor showed a satisfactory function of inhibiting tumor growth and natural killer activity maintained at a high level.These results indicated that portal vein was the best approach for the spleen cell transplantation