ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the possible effect of citrate on electrolyte metabolism in healthy people with different genders and races and provide a reference for the possible clinical interventions.Methods A cross over,placebo-controlled study was conducted in 22 age-matched Chinese(11 males and 11 females)and 10 male Caucasian volunteers after informed consents were obtained.Volunteers received of saline solution,separated by a wash-out period of two to three weeks.Serial blood and urine samples were collected during the observation period and analyzed for the selective biochemical parameters.Results Comparable basal levels of serum albumin[male(43.05±1.81)g/L vs female(42.26±2.67)g/L]and serum ionized calcium[male(1.27±0.04)mmol/L vs female(1.26±0.04)mmol/L]were observed between different genders of Chinese volunteers.However,citrate intervention led to more pronounced decrease of ionized calcium level in Chinese females compared to Chinese males[-28.68%(-20.00%--35.2%)vs-23.84%(-16.53%--29.32%),t=3.19,P ＜ 0.01].There was no differences of the levels of serum inorganic phosphate[-18.81%(-3.16%--25.09%)vs-19.23%(-1.22%--32.16%),t=0.36,P＞0.05]and albumin[-0.32%(3.27%--7.60%)vs 1.88%(6.03%--9.31%),t=0.47,P＞0.05].Independent of gender,citrate intervention resulted in an increased excretion of urine calcium in Chinese volunteers[before 0.34(0.09-0.87)vs after 0.96(0.18-1.47),t=6.66,P ＜0.01].Compared to Caucasian males,Chinese males has a higher basal level of serum ionized calcium [(1.27±0.04)mmol/L vs(1.22±0.02)mmol/L,t=3.7,P ＜0.01]and larger amplitude basal rhythm in serum albumin level[-11.72%(-5.70%--14.21%)vs-1.74%(2.43%--7.68%),t=7.43,P ＜ 0.01].Application of citrate resulted in comparable changes of serum ionized calcium [-23.84%(-16.53%--29.32%)vs-21.95%(-18.31%--30.92%)],phosphate[-19.23%(4.65%--32.16%)vs-12.68%(0.68%--42.19%)],albumin[-0.32%(1.05%--7.60%)vs-1.39%(1.87%--7.26%)]and urine calcium excretion[237.70%(11.8%-935%)vs 234.37%(5.45%-504.00%)]between Chinese and Caucasian males(t=0.32,0.03,0.25 and 0.04 respectively,P＞0.05).Serum levels of magnesium were not influenced in all volunteers during two interventions.Conclusions Independent of race and gender,the invention of citrate results in comparable changes of serum magnesium,inorganic phosphate and albumin.The effect of citrate on ionized calcium levels between genders implicates a higher risk for hypocalcemic reactions in females compared to males undergoing automatic apheresis procedures.
ABSTRACT
Objective To survey the frequency of H deficient phenotype in blood donor population and analyze the serological and genetic characteristics of these individuals.Methods The H deficient phenotype was screened with anti-H monoclonal antibody.The ABO type was screened with serological method and with sequence specific primer polymerase chain reaction(PCR-SSP).FUT1 and FUT2 gene sequences were analyzed with direct sequencing of PCR products and gene cloning products.Result Of 85 390 blood donors,ten individuals were identified to be para-Bombay phenotype.Four h alleles were found in 14 para-Bombay phenotype individuals,h1(nt547-552?ag),h2(nt880-882?tt),h3(nt658c→t),and h_(new-2)(nt328g→a).The FUT1 genotypes of these para-Bombay individuals were h1/h1(6 individuals),h1/h2(7 individuals) and h3/h_(new2)(1 individual),and the frequency of 4 allele were 67.85%(h1),25%(h2),3.57%(h3),and 3.57%(h_(new-2)),respectively.FUT2 gene was analyzed in 12 para-Bombay phenotype individuals,and a mutation of nt357c→t was detected in all FUT2 gene,another mutation of nt716g→a were heterozygous in 5 individuals with h1/h2 genotype.No null FUT2 gene was detected.In serological analysis,all atypical anti-A or anti-B antibody of 14 para-Bombay individuals were inactive at 37℃,7 individuals had active anti-H antibody at 37℃.Conclusion The frequency of H deficient phenotype in Fujian population is about 1:8 500.The h1 and h2 alleles are predominant in Fujian H deficient individuals on h1-Se~(357) and h2-Se~(357,716) haplotype background.