ABSTRACT
The "student-centered" concept highlights the dominant position of students in the teaching process and makes up for the deficiency of traditional teaching mode.Based on the above idea,the teaching team of the author's department tried to improve teaching effect through effective teaching design in biochemistry.Firstly,the teaching goal (the goal of knowledge,ability and emotion) and the important situational factors the learning situation analysis,the characteristics of the course and the class,etc)should be identified.suitable teaching strategies he inspiration strategy,exploration strategy and problem solution strategy,etc.),teaching method (discussion,case study,problem based learning,etc.) and proper assessment (such as the summative assessment with formative evaluation) should be determined to organize classroom teaching.At the end of the class the timely feedback and the teaching reflection should be carried outto extend classroom teaching to extra-curricular class.The results showed that effective teaching designismore likely to stimulate students' learning enthusiasm,promote students' deep learning and achieve better teaching effects.
ABSTRACT
Objective To examine the effects of aerobic exercise on muscle morphology,oxidation resistance,energy metabolism,mitochondrial biogenesis-related signal transduction pathway molecules,and energy metabolism-related enzyme proteins expression in aged rats and to explore the molecular mechanisms of skeletal muscle aging and aerobic exercise intervention.Methods Male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into a normal group,a model group,and an exercise group,with the latter two groups receiving a subcutaneous injection of 10％ D-galactose(0.1 mg · g-1 · d-1)for 10 weeks.Then aerobic and anaerobic exercise capacity of each group were tested by treadmill;the cross-sectional area of rats' gastrocnemius was examined via light microscopy;levels of serum superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity and malondialdehyde(MDA) were determined by spectrophotometry;serumβ Galase levels were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA);levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP),adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) in gastrocnemius tissue were measured by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) ultraviolet detection;expression levels of mitochondrial biosynthesis-related signal transduction molecules(such as p38MAPK,CaMK Ⅱ,PGC-1α,MEF2C,COXⅣ and ATPase) were tested by real-time RT-PCR.Results Compared with the normal group,the model group's cross-sectional area of muscle fibers,serum SOD activity,ATP content,and EC values all markedly decreased,while serum MDA,β Galase,AMP content in skeletal muscle significantly increased(all P ＜0.05).Levels of mRNA expression of CaMK Ⅱ,MEF2C,ATPascβ,COXIV,and PCG-1 alpha in model rats notably decreased(all P＜0.05),whereas mRNA expression levels of P38MAPK significantly increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,aerobic exercise increased the cross-sectional area of muscle fibers(P＜0.01)and serum SOD activity (P ＜ 0.05),reduced serum MDA content (P ＜ 0.01),clearly increased CaMK Ⅱ and ATPaseβ％ mRNA expression(both P ＜ 0.01),and reduced the expression of P38MAPK mRNA (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Aerobic exercise can improve the activity of SOD,reduce the accumulation of oxygen free radicals,resist oxidation damage,correct the abnormal activity of P38MAPK,and promote the expression of mitochondrial biosynthesis-related signal molecules,such as CaMK Ⅱ,PCG-1 alpha,and MEF2C,thus boosting the expression and activity of energy metabolism enzyme protein COX Ⅳ,ATPase,promoting energy metabolism,improving the production of ATP,and slowing down the ageing process of the body and skeletal muscle.
ABSTRACT
The purpose of education is to cultivate talents who can master the ability of self-learning lifelong. With the rapid development of multimedia technology, the knowledge carrier represented by micro curriculum plays a very important role in improving students' self-learning ability. In traditional Chinese medicine college, due to the short of time, weak learning foundation, the ability of self-learning is hard to improve in the modern medical courses such as biochemistry. This is not conducive to the cultivation of modern talents of Chinese medicine. In this paper, we chose the biochemistry teaching in TCM college as an example, and discuss how we can make the application of micro courses reasonably in the teaching process. This study was regarded as a starting to improve the students' self-learning ability effectively.
ABSTRACT
Three weeks’ training, visiting and demonstrating classes in Michigan State University gave us an opportunity to understand the education system, the teaching characteristics and the “students centered”teaching principle of USA. Some reasonable teaching methods were applied in the class which may embody the student-oriented teaching aim and develop the students’ subjective initiative. The teaching effect showed that most students were fond of the teaching strategies and they also did good job in final tests.
ABSTRACT
To investigate the effect of the basic knowledge of chemistry teaching for preparatory international students,bilingual teaching based on Chinese-English languages and multimedia teaching,such flexible applications are carried out,which increases the students' listening,speaking,reading and writing skills in Chinese and helps them to adapt to the academic environment in China,and to master basic chemistry knowledge efficiently so that students can lay a good foundation for undergraduate program.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of erlong zuoci (ELZC) pills and its disassembled prescriptions (Shudi-huang-Zexie group and Zexie group) on the enzymatic activity and protein expression changes of the key apoptosis molecules in the gentamycin injured hair cells.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The model of gentamycin induced ototoxicity in mice cochlear primary cultures was copied. Cochlear organotypic cultures of postnatal day 3-5 (P3-P5) mice were treated with gentamycin alone or in combination with ELZC pills, Shudihuang-Zexie group or Zexie group respectively. The enzymatic activity of Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 was determined by means of fluorescence staining in situ. The protein expression of Bcl-2 and Bax in the hair cell area was examined by immunofluorescence in normal and treated specimens.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Average optical density analysis indicated that, compared to the normal group, 0.03 mmol x L(-1) gentamycin could significantly activate Caspase-9 and Caspase-3, downregulate the ratio of Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression. Compared to the gentamycin model group, ELZC pills significantly inhibited the enzymatic activity of Caspase-9 and upregulated the ratio of Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression, showing inhibition trend toward the enzymatic activity of Caspase-3. Both Shudihuang-Zexie group and Zexie group could effectively inhibit the enzymatic activity of Caspase-9 and Caspase-3, upregulate the ratio of Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>ELZC pills, Shudihuang-Zexie group and Zexie group can effectively protect hair cells from gentamycin by correcting the abnormal changes of the mitochondrion-dependent signal transduction pathway.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Mice , Apoptosis , Caspase 3 , Genetics , Metabolism , Caspase 9 , Genetics , Metabolism , Cells, Cultured , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Gene Expression , Gentamicins , Hair Cells, Auditory , Cell Biology , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 , Genetics , MetabolismABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To introduce the method of analyzing repeated data measured by water maze with SPSS 11.0, and offer a reference statistical method to clinical and basic medicine researchers who take the design of repeated measures. METHODS: Using repeated measures and multivariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) process of the general linear model in SPSS and giving comparison among different groups and different measure time pairwise. RESULTS: Firstly, Mauchly's test of sphericity should be used to judge whether there were relations among the repeatedly measured data. If any (P
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of recipes for replenishing qi and activating blood on p16, p21, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin D1 and cyclin E gene expressions in the liver of aging rats. METHODS: A recipe for replenishing qi and a recipe for activating blood were administered to aging rats respectively, and the effects of the above recipes on the expressions of senescence related genes (p16, p21, PCNA, cyclin D1 and cyclin E) were examined by RT-PCR and Western blotting methods. RESULTS: The expressions of p16, p21 and cyclin D1 mRNAs and proteins in the liver of the untreated aging rats were up-regulated, while the expressions of PCNA and cyclin E mRNAs and proteins decreased. As compared with the untreated aging rats, both recipes could down-regulate the expressions of cyclin D1 mRNA and protein and up-regulate the expressions of cyclin E mRNA and protein, but had no obvious effects on the expressions of mRNAs and proteins of p16, p21 and PCNA. CONCLUSION: Recipes for replenishing qi and activating blood can improve the liver cell proliferation of aging rats via down-regulating the expressions of cyclin D1 mRNA and protein and up-regulating the expressions of cyclin E mRNA and protein.
ABSTRACT
According to the TCM theory, human growth, development and aging are closely related to kidney function and the main cause of human senility is deficiency of “kidney essence”. Recent studies showed that the “kidney” in TOM include the regulatory function of the neuroendocrine and immune systems.<BR>In this paper, the effect of Guzhen Recipe (_??__??__??_), an aging retarding prescription composed of kidney tonifying herbs such as Radix Polygoni Multiflori (_??__??_), Herba Cistanchis (_??__??_) Rubus Chiagii (_??__??__??_) etc. on the hippocampus and HPAT axis in senile rats were observed. The results showed : (1) With age the number of glucocorticoid receptors (GCR) in the hippocampus, the concentrations of NE, DA, 5-HT in the hypothalamus were markedly decreased, while the plasma corticosterone concentration in senile rats was obviously increased. (2) The thymocyte GCR nuclear transition rate was increased significantly ; (3) The contents of cytoplasmic protein, nuclear RNA and DNA, the thymus weight/body weight ratio, the serum thymic factors as well asthe rate of lymphocyte transformation, the activity of IL-2 and NK cells in senile rats were obviously decreased compared to those of young control rats. Guzhen recipe however, was capable of improving these changes in the neuroendocrine-thymic net work in senile rats to varying degrees, suggesting that the kidney with Chinese Medicine might retard the functional degeneration of thymic endocrine partly by improving the feedback regulation of the hippocampal GCR and increasing the concentrations of NE and 5-HT of hypothalamus, thus decreasing the plasma corticosterone ; Simultaneously weakening the nuclear transition rate of thymocyte GCR, which in turn improving the immune function of the senile animal.<BR>We concluded that Guzhen Recipe may retard the functional degeneration of both the hypo-thalamuspituitary-gornadal-thymic and hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroidal-thymic axis. All the above results revealed that retarding the aging effect using TCM in volves multiple-leves, multiple-systems and links. Using holistic regulation, imbalance links in aging process are modulated and the equilibrium of Yin and Yang are maintained. This is an important characteristic of the TCM to retard aging.<BR>This research was supported by funds from National Natural Science Foundation of China No. 38970908.