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Objective: To explore the potential mechanism of acupuncture and moxibustion in treating Crohn disease (CD) by evaluating the changes in histamine and inflammatory factors in the skin tissue at Tianshu (ST25) of rats.Methods: Fifty-eight Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group (n=14) and a CD-modeling group (n=44). Rats in the CD-modeling group received enema with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid plus ethanol to establish CD models. The enema was repeated once every 7 d for a total of 4 times. After modeling, four modeled rats and four normal rats were randomly selected for model identification. After the CD model was successfully established, the remaining rats in the CD-modeling group were randomly divided into a model group, an acupuncture group, a moxibustion group, and a Western medication group, with ten rats in each group. The rats in the acupuncture and moxibustion groups were treated with acupuncture or moxibustion at Tianshu (ST25) and Shangjuxu (ST37); the rats in the Western medication group were treated with mesalazine enteric-coated tablets by gavage for continuous 7 d. After the intervention, the colon tissue of rats in each group was collected. After gross observation, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was performed to further observe the pathological changes. The expression of histamine in the skin tissue at Tianshu (ST25) was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-18, IL-10, and IL-6 in the skin tissue at Tianshu (ST25) was detected by Western blotting. Results: Compared with the normal group, the colonic wall of rats in the model group showed cobblestone-like changes, local ulcers, and polyps in dark red and thickening and hardening. HE staining showed local loss of mucosal epithelial layer and formation of slit-like ulcers, destruction of mucosal glands, edema, and infiltration of inflammatory cells in lamina propria and submucosa, and occasional formation of sarcoid-like granuloma. The levels of histamine and IL-6 were significantly up-regulated (P<0.01, P<0.05), and the levels of TNF-α, IL-18, and IL-10 were significantly down- regulated (P<0.01 or P<0.05) in the skin tissue at Tianshu (ST25) of rats in the model group. Compared with the model group, the pathomorphological damage of the colon tissue of rats in the acupuncture group, moxibustion group, and Western medication group was significantly improved. The levels of histamine and IL-6 were significantly down- regulated (P<0.01, P<0.05), and the level of IL-10 was significantly up-regulated (P<0.01) in the skin at Tianshu (ST25) of rats in the acupuncture group. The levels of histamine and IL-6 were significantly down-regulated (P<0.01, P<0.05), and the levels of TNF-α, IL-18, and IL-10 were significantly up-regulated (P<0.01 or P<0.05) in the skin tissue at Tianshu (ST25) of rats in the moxibustion group. The level of histamine was significantly down-regulated (P<0.01), and the levels of IL-18 and IL-10 were significantly up-regulated (P<0.05, P<0.01) in the skin tissue of rats in the Western medication group. Compared with the acupuncture group, the level of IL-10 in the skin tissue at Tianshu (ST25) of rats in the moxibustion group was significantly up-regulated (P<0.01). Conclusion: The inflammatory responses in the skin tissue at Tianshu (ST25) may be the external manifestation of CD. Significant differences in the regulation of inflammatory responses in the skin tissue at Tianshu (ST25) between acupuncture and moxibustion exist, which may be caused by the differences in the stimulation characteristics between acupuncture and moxibustion.
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Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a serious neuropsychological complication in advanced liver disease, and is a major cause of death in patients with liver disease. The paper briefly introduces the advances in application of HE grading, examination methods, and electroencephalography (EEG) in the diagnosis of HE, and points out that EEG has been developed greatly in the field of HE, with huge potentials for the diagnosis, evaluation, prognosis, and guidance for treatment of HE. However, the clinical value of EEG monitoring in HE has not been widely acknowledged in the medical world, and further investigation is still needed in the future.
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Objective To recognize the characteristics and causes of the adverse drug reaction (ADR)of traditional Chinese patent medicine,and promote the clinical safe drug use.Methods By retrospective study,ADR reports about Chinese patent medicine collected by Shouguang adverse drug reaction monitoring center from January 1,2012 to December 31,2014 were analyzed statistically.Results A total of 479 reports in accordance with the inclusion criteria were collected,which comprised 479 patients.Of them,224 were male and 255 were female,often occurs in patients over 50 years old[53.0%(254 /479)].Chinese patent medicine involved in these reports were mainly blood -regulating formula,heat agent and formula for resuscitation,respectively 278 cases(58.0%),64 cases (13.4%),51 cases (10.6%).Intravenous administration was an important way to trigger ADR [78.5%(376 /479)],78.5% injection had adverse effects and suitability of medicine were 55.9%.Main clinical manifesta-tions were lesion of skin and its appendages[35.1%(183 /522)]and digestive system damage[18.4%(96 /522)]. Conclusion The application of traditional Chinese medicine syndrome differentiation as the primary principle,atten-tion to individual differences of patients,improve the level of rational use drugs,strengthen the proprietary Chinese medicine preparation process and improve the drug instructions can reduce the adverse reaction occurred to some extent of Chinese patent medicine.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), p16 protein in lip cancers and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) as well as their clinicopathological significance.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Immunohistochemisty for expression VEGF, EGFR, P16 were carried out in 69 cases of lip cancers and OSCC.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Expression of VEGF, EGFR, p16 protein in OSCC and lip cancers was respectively 71.01%, 46.37%, 28.98% and there were no significance between their positive expressions (P > 0.05) as well as in different sites of them (P > 0.05). Expression of VEGF was respectively 71.01% in cancers and 10.00% in non-tumor tissues, there was statistic significance among those (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The results show that there is no correlation to the expression of VEGF, EGFR and P16 protein in OSCC and lip cancers. It is suggests that the expression of VEGF might become one of the useful markers for OSCC.</p>