ABSTRACT
Neurogenic tumors located in the posterior mediastinum, generally require surgery which be confronted with greater risk,therefore, to design the best surgical approach and surgical methods is essential. A 67-year-old female patient had pharyngeal foreign body sensation and dysphagia. Thyroid ultrasound showed the right thyroid had a little nodule, and the left thyroid had a hypoechoic lumps. Neck enhanced CT showd mediastinal mass, esophageal tumor origin or stromal tumor? We used the jugular approach to resect the tumor which eventually diagnosed as schwannoma. The meditational benign tumor with an envelope easy to peel can employ the jugular approach to resect it completely.
Subject(s)
Aged , Female , Humans , Jugular Veins , Mediastinal Neoplasms , General Surgery , Mediastinum , Pathology , Neck , General Surgery , Neurilemmoma , General SurgeryABSTRACT
The MAPKs activation pathway consists of three protein kinases in activation sequence:MAPKs kinase kinases (MKKKs)→,MAPKs kinases (MKKs)→MAPKs and four pathways:extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK~(ERK)),C-JUN N-terminal kinase (MAPK~(JNK)),MAPK~(P38) and MKKS/MAPK~(ERK5) activation pathways.It has been proved that MAPKs(ERK,JNK and P38) are acvtivated in the progress of morphine tolerance.Inhibitors of any element of MAPKs activation pathway may function as a potential clinical medicine for morphine tolerance.
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Objective To study the effects of repeated hypoxic exposures (HEs) on glycolysis, mitochondrial oxi-dative phosphorylation and energy charge in mouse brain. Methods Adult BALB/c mice were repeatedly exposed to hypoxia for 5 times and the standard tolerant time and body temperature were recorded. The activities of PFK, PK and mitochondrial complex Ⅰ in the brain were assayed. Phosphoadenosines and energy charge were measured. Results Repeated HEs prolonged the hypoxic tolerance and reduced the body temperature. The activities of PFK and PK experienced regular changes, with an increase in 1st and 3rd HEs and a decline to control levels in 5th HE. The complex Ⅰ activity continued to decrease during HEs. The energy charge was stable. Conclusion HEs lead to a regular change of glycolysis, a continued inhibition of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, and a main-tained energy charge in the brains of mouse.
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<p><b>AIM</b>To investigate the effects of RLI on plasma nitric oxide (NO) and NO synthase (NOS) isoforms of healthy humans.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>30 healthy human subjects (aged from 40 - 70 years old) were recruited. RLI was induced by five 5 min cycles of ischemia of non dominant arm (200 mmHg, 5 min interval). Blood pressure, heart rate, and the feelings of ischemic arm were continuously monitored. Venous plasma was collected in contralateral arm at Pre, Post-0 h, Post-4 h, and Post-24 h. Plasma level of NO was measured by Griess reaction, and NOS was measured by chemical method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Blood pressure and heart rate varied in normal range. The uncomfortable feeling was decreased with the increasing numbers of ischemic cycles. Plasma level of NO, and iNOS in plasma were significantly increased at Post-0 h, Post-4 h, and Post-24 h compared to Pre (P < 0.05). tNOS was also significantly increased at Post-0 h and Post-4 h compared to Pre (P < 0.05). No significant change in plasma cNOS was shown at following three time points than Pre.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These findings suggest that RLI can elevate plasma level of NO, tNOS, and iNOS in healthy humans. RLI might be a safe method as a rIPC, and it would have important possibility to be performed in clinic.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Arm , Ischemia , Blood , Ischemic Preconditioning , Methods , Nitric Oxide , Blood , Nitric Oxide Synthase , Blood , Metabolism , Reperfusion InjuryABSTRACT
AIM: To observe the effects of repeated hypoxia on the neuropeptide Y(NPY)-like immunoreactivity in the mouse brain. METHODS: Forty male kunming mice were divided into 5 groups: Control, H 1(after the 1 st hypoxic run), H 2(the 2 nd hypoxic run), H 3(the 3 rd hypoxic run)and H 4(the 4 th hypoxic run). The hypoxic groups were subjected to different runs of hypoxia exposure. The NPY-like immunoreactivity in the moue brain was measured by using radioimmunoassary method.RESULTS: The standard tolerance time of the mouse exposed to hypoxia significantly increased following each increase in runs of hypoxia exposure. After the 1 st and 2 nd hypoxic run the NPY-like immunoreactivities in the mice brain significantly increased by 145.5%?3.2% and 147.3%?2.5% compared with the control(P
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Objective To study the role of NMDA-R system in the differential reaction of pain sense between peripheral inflamed local portion and distal portion Methods One hundred and forty-one adults Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups The pain thresholds (PT) of bilateral feet were measured by paw-pressure technique NMDA receptor antagonist CGP378495mg?kg -1, NMDA receptor agonist NMDA 5mg?kg -1 or NS 1ml was injected intraperitonealy in the first three groups, respectively after one hindpaw was inflamed In the later three groups the same drugs were injected before one hindpaw was inflamed PT of bilateral feet in all groups were measured at virous times Results In the first three groups, PT of inflamed paw decreased ,and of non-inflamed paw increasedmarkedly after inflammation (P0 05), decreased significantly(P0 05), decreased significantly (P
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The present experiment was carried out on mice.The changes in contentsof 12 essential trace elements in the brain of mice were measured by inductivelycoupled plasma emission following acute and repetitive exposure to hypoxia.Followingrepeat exposure to hypoxia for one or two runs, the contents of non-soluble in brainhomogenats as was notably decreased,while that of the soluble V was markedly increased,when compared with that of normal group.When the animals were fed for two daysafter four runs of hypoxia,the contents of As,Fe,Cu,Co,Cr,B,and V were all signi-ficantly or very significantly changed in comparison with the normal value.Further stu-dies are needed to find out the biological importance of these changes and the relationshipbetween them and hypoxia tolerance.
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The hypoxia tolerance of mice was significantly increased by repetitive action of auto-hypoxia. The tolerance duration of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th run was 1.8 2.5 3.0 and 3.6 times longer than that of the Ist one. The survival time of mice that had been exposed to hypoxia repeatedly for four runs was 10 times longer than that of the control animals when both of them were placed in the same low pressure chamber and was 4 times longer while KCN was administrated. The survival time under low oxygen pressure in mice injected with brain extract of resistant mice was 1.8 and 2.1 times longer than that of the saline-injected or normal mice's brain extract-injected animals respectively. These results indicate that some plastic or adaptic changes might occur in the tissue cells particularly in the brain cells during acute and repeated hypoxia. They lead the animals' hypoxia tolerance to a very high level. Water soluble antihypoxic or hypoxia-resistant elements might exist in the brain of hypoxia resistant animals, which were extractable, transferable, and permeable to the blood brain barrier.
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Electrophysiological studies have shown that the spinosolitary tract-dorsal column postsynaptic (SST-DCPS) neurons may project to both the dorsal column and solitary tract nuclei. In order to demonstrate the neurons morphologically, fluorescein dyes, PI and Bb, were injected into the dorsal column nuclei and the solitary tract nucleus respectively. A total 282 cells were found to be retrogradely labeled in the spinal dorsal horn in 10 adult rats. Of them, 51 (18%) cells were PI-Bb doubly labeled; 120 (43%) were PI labled alone; and 111 (39%) were Bb singly labled. Most of these double-labled cells were concentrated in laminae III-V. The existence of double projection neurons that project to both the dorsal column and solitary tract nuclei, namely the physiologically identified SST-DCPS neurons, is morphologically confirmed in the present study. These neurons may transmit information to both visceral and somatic sensory nuclei, indicating they may play an important role in the convergence of somato-visceral afferents.