ABSTRACT
Objective:To explore the performance characteristics of the digital clock-drawing test(dCDT) for amnestic mild cognitive impairment(aMCI), and its diagnostic value for aMCI patients compared with the traditional clock-drawing test (tCDT).Methods:Total 81 middle-aged and elderly outpatients in Affiliated Hospital to Shanxi Medical University from November 2020 to May 2021 were selected, including 42 cognitively normal people (control group) and 39 aMCI patients (aMCI group). The dCDT developed by our team was used to collect drawing process parameters (such as stroke length, time and speed). The Cognitive Domain Indexs of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) were calculated using the CDIS scoring method, and the correlation between dCDT parameters and MoCA indexs were analyzed.Logistic regression analysis was used to construct the predictive model, and the sensitivity and specificity of different methods for the diagnosis of aMCI patients were compared by the area under the ROC curve.Results:(1) The total time(51.25(38.80, 63.75)s vs 42.42(33.64, 51.91)s) and time in air(36.34(26.81, 47.25)s vs 28.47(22.37, 33.98)s) of the aMCI group were significantly higher than those of the control group, and the minute hand/hour hand ratio(1.23±0.35 vs 1.39±0.34), strokes per minute((31.31±10.44) vs (41.05±9.48))and tCDT score(3.0(3.0, 4.0), 4.0(3.0, 4.0))were significantly lower than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Other dCDT parameters were not statistically significant between the two groups ( Z=-1.835--0.440, P>0.05). (2) Correlation analysis showed that the total time was negatively correlated with MoCA MIS( r=-0.224, P=0.049), LIS( r=-0.237, P=0.037)and AIS( r=-0.236, P=0.038); time in air was negatively correlated with MoCA MIS( r=-0.268, P=0.018), LIS( r=-0.271, P=0.016), AIS( r=-0.259, P=0.022)and OISA( r=-0.267, P=0.018); the minute hand/hour hand ratio was positively correlated with MoCA EIS( r=0.259, P=0.022)and VIS( r=0.309, P=0.006); the strokes per minute was positively correlated with MoCA MIS( r=0.376, P=0.001), EIS( r=0.290, P=0.010), VIS( r=0.294, P=0.009), AIS( r=0.238, P=0.036)and OISA( r=0.301, P=0.007). (3)dCDT model composed of the pre-second hand latency, the ratio of minute hand/hour hand, and the strokes per minute can correctly classify 77.8% of aMCI, with a sensitivity of 74.36% and a specificity of 80.95%.Its diagnostic power for aMCI was significantly higher than the tCDT scoring( Z=2.335, P=0.02). Conclusion:The cognitive impairment in aMCI can be detected by dCDT, and different dCDT parameters can reflect the impairment of different cognitive domains.Compared with tCDT scoring, dCDT can improve the diagnostic efficacy of aMCI patients.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND:Endothelial progenitor cells can be used to repair vascular injuries and predict severity of early vascular injuries. These biological characteristics have been recommended to the research of aneurysm, which provide new ideas for studying the occurrence, expansion and early staging diagnosis of aneurysm. OBJECTIVE:To elaborate the effects of endothelial progenitor cells on the aneurysm in the clinical trials based on the biological characteristics of endothelial progenitor cells, including proliferation, migration, adherence and senescence. METHODS:A computer-based search of Wanfang, CNKI, Springer, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Ovid was performed using the keywords of“endothelial progenitor cells, precursor cell, aneurysm, stem cel”. Irrelevant and repetitive articles were excluded, and the result analysis was conducted. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Aneurysms patients display decreased endothelial progenitor cells in the peripheral circulating blood accompanied by functional impairment. After aneurysm-related treatment, the number of endothelial progenitor cells can increase. Application of endothelial progenitor cells can early predict occurrence, development, and rupture of aneurysms, which is also a therapeutic method to prevent aneurysms. How endothelial progenitor cells are used clinical y to prevent occurrence and development of aneurysms is a serious problem to be solved.