Analysis of nosocomial infections among patients undergoing abdominal operation / 现代临床护理

Objective To investigate the nosocomial infections among patients undergoing abdominal operation . Method Data in three hundred patients underwent abdominal operation in our department from January 2012 to December 2014 were reviewed. Results Seventeen cases developed nosocomial infection after operation, including 6 cases of respiratory system infection, accounting for 35.29%, 4 cases of urinary infection, accounting for 23.53%. The probability of nosocomial infection from the type Ⅲ operations was higher than that from the typeⅡ operations and that by emergency surgery was higher than that by non-emergency operations(P<0.05). Conclusions Respiratory and urinary infections are the major two types of the nosocomial infections in the abdominal operation. Sufficient preoperative preparation and postoperative nursing can reduce the incidence of nosocomial infections in abdominal surgery.

Investigation on the role of endoplasmie reticulum stress in the fatty acids-induced hepatocyte injury / 中华消化杂志

ObjectiveTo explore the role of fatty acid on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and to detect the influence of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) on the expression of ER related genes in steatosis hepatocytes by establishing different models of hepatic steatosis.MethodsHealthy adult hepatocyte cell line HL-7702 was taken as research object.The model of hepatic steatosis was established with palmitic acid alone or mixed fatty acids.The cell viability was measured and calculated through CCK-8 positive cell proliferation assay.The cell morphology and steatosis was observed.The intracellular triglyceride content was tested with the triglyceride determination kit.With TUDCA intervention,the relative expression of Glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and CCAAT/Enhancer binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) at mRNA level was determined by real-time PCR.ResultsThe viability of hepatocyte was influenced once the concentration of mixed fatty acid reached 0.5 mmol/L or palmitic acid was 0.125 mmol/L.The effect of palmitic acid alone was stronger than that of mixed fatty acid on hepatocyte injury.The content of intra-hepatocyte triglyceride gradually increased in mixed fatty acid group,which only significantly increased after treated for 12 hours in palmitic acid alone group and then there was no significant change.There was no significant difference in relative expression of GRP78 and CHOP at mRNA level in various concentrations and treated time of mixed fatty acid group.After treated with palmitic acid at 0.5 mmol/L,intra-hepatocyte relative expression of CHOP at mRNA level increased obviously,however there was no effect on GRP78mRNA expression.After treated with palmitic acid at 1.0 mmol/L,both intra-hepatocyte GRP78 and CHOP mRNA relative expression increased.There was no significant difference in GRP78 and CHOP mRNA relative expression before and after ER stress in TUDCA intervented low dose palmitic acid group.There was significant difference in CHOP mRNA relative expression before and after ER stress in TUDCA intervented high dose palmitic acid group (at 12hrs:8.6400 to 5.1032; at 24hrs:13.7948to 6.4928,P=0.042 and 0.017),while no significant difference in GRP78 mRNA expression.ConclusionAt same fatty acid concentration,the larger propotion palmitic acid has,the more severe injury hepatocyte has.The regulation of palmitic acid on intra-hepatic ER stress is a time and dose dependent manner.TUDCA may improve palmitic acid induced ER stress to some degree.