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Background: To ascertain the prevalence of Hepatitis C infection among patients visiting a tertiary care center in Jaipur, Rajasthan.Methods: An observation analytic study was done at a tertiary care center affiliated to Medical College with retrospective analysis of the hospital data of two calendar years. During this period HCV infection screening (anti-HCV) was offered to every suspected patient admitted in hospital and every pregnant women visiting antenatal care clinic.Results: The study prevalence of HCV infection was 0.05% (13/25311). The prevalence was more in female (0.03%) than male (0.02%). The study prevalence of anti-HCV among pregnant female was 0.02% (3/16224). Maximum positive cases (4/13, 30.77% positive cases) were in the age group of 21-30 years (sexually active group) and >50 years age group while minimum positivity was found in children (00 case, 0-20 years age).Conclusions: In this study, prevalence of HCV infection was 0.05%. The study prevalence of HCV among pregnant females was 0.02%. Maximum positive cases (4/13, 30.77% positive cases) were in the age group of >50 years and 21-30 years. This study aids in view to strengthen proper screening for HCV infection to reduce HCV related morbidity and mortality
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Background: To ascertain the prevalence of HBV among HIV-infected, treatment- naïve patients visiting a tertiary care centre in Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.Methods: An observation analytic study was done at a tertiary care centre affiliated to medical college with retrospective analysis of the hospital data of 30 calendar months. During this period routine diagnostic screening of HIV infection and HBV infection was offered to every suspected patient admitted in hospital and every pregnant woman visiting antenatal care clinic. Patients with documentary evidence of HIV infection and history of Hepatitis B vaccination in last 30 days are not screened for these infections at our centre. The HIV screening was done as per NACO guidelines. The HBV screening was done using commercially available enzyme linked immunosorbent assay kits (ELISA) for detection of surface antigen (HBsAg).Results: The study prevalence of HIV infection was 0.11% (40/35289). The prevalence was more in male (0.45%) than females (0.06%). HBV was not detected in any of the HIV positive patient in this study. The study prevalence of HIV among pregnant females was 0.05% (10/22026).Conclusions: In this study, prevalence of HIV infection was 0.11%. The study prevalence of HIV among pregnant females was 0.05%. Other than pregnant women, maximum positive cases (13/30, 43.33% positive cases) were in the age group of 25-34 years (sexually active group). No patient had HIV and HBV co-infection.
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Background: The concept of generic prescription is widely accepted in various parts of the world. Nevertheless, it has failed to gain popularity in India due to factors such as non-availability and distrust on the product quality. Aim: To study cost-effective and cost-benefit analysis of antibiotic prescription in patients who had enteric fever and were given intravenous ceftriaxone. Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted in a tertiary care cenre at World College of Medical Science and Research, Jhajjar, Haryana. 65 patients who have been diagnosed with enteric fever and were prescribed ceftriaxone were studied and their prescriptions were analyzed. 5 brands of most commonly prescribed ceftriaxone injections were chosen to analyse cost effective and cost-benefit analysis. Results: Out of 65 patients, 40 were females and 25 were males, diagnosed with enteric fever. Maximum number of patients were seen between age group of 36-50 years (38) and minimum patients belonged to age group of more than 65 years. Analysis of prescriptions revealed that majority of the patients were prescribed Branded drugs 53 (82%) than were prescribed generic drugs 12 (18%). The analysis of the cost of single dose of inj. ceftriaxone revealed that branded drugs were 8.52 % to 180.81% more in comparison with generic IV ceftriaxone. Conclusion: The cost of most commonly prescribed branded drugs was significantly higher than generic drug and prescribing branded drugs was associated with failure to take complete treatment as prescribed by treating physician.
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Pelvic inflammatory diseases (PID) is a noteworthy wellbeing concern prompting significant gynecological grimness among ladies in conceptive age gathering. Along these lines this review was attempted to dissect the medicine example of Antimicrobial Agents in patients experiencing Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Gynecology & Obstetrics of World College of Medical Science and Research, Jhajjar, Haryana; for a period of 5 months during December 2016 to April 2017. A total of 210 prescriptions of clinically diagnosed PID cases from Outpatient Department (OPD) and Inpatient Department (IPD) were collected and analyzed in the department of Pharmacology based on Drug utilization WHO indicators. Results: Average number of AMAs per prescription was 2.26. Majority of patients prescribed were Antifungals (n=112, P=23.57%) followed by Fluoroquinolones (n=102, P=21.47%), Aminoglycosides (19.36%), Nitroimidazoles (16.0 %) and Doxycyclines (P=15.78%). Urinary antiseptics were the least prescribed class (3.78%). Individually, most commonly used agents of these is Clotrimazole + Tinidazole followed by Doxycycline and least prescribed was Nitrofurantoin. Conclusions: There was minimal difference between defined recommendations in standard treatment guidelines and the clinical use of antimicrobial agents. The only lacking part of this study was lesser use of generic drugs.
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Background & objectives: Hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) is a B cell neoplasm which constitutes around 2 per cent of all the lymphoid leukaemias. It has a characteristic morphology and immunophenotypic profile. It is important to distinguish HCL from other B cell lymphoproliferative disorders due to availability of different chemotherapeutic agents. This study presents clinical, haematological and immunophenotypic profile of patients with HCL seen over a period of four years in a tertiary care hospital in north India. Methods: Twenty one cases of hairy cell leukaemia were analyzed for their clinical details, haemogram, bone marrow examination and immunophenotypic findings. Results: Age of the patients ranged from 28-76 yr with male predominance. Weakness and fever were commonest presentations. Splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, lymphadenopathy were seen in decreasing order of frequency. Anaemia was noted in all 21 patients, leukopenia in 15 and thrombocytopenia in 19 cases. Fourteen patients were pancytopenic. Bone marrow examination showed typical hairy cells in all cases. Immunophenotyping showed expression of CD19, CD20, CD103, CD25 and CD11c in all cases, while positivity was seen for CD79b in 93.7 per cent, kappa light chain restriction in 60 per cent and lambda in 40 per cent cases. Notably, 20 per cent showed CD10 and 12 per cent showed CD23 expression. Interpretation & conclusions: This study reveals some unusual findings in otherwise classical disease entity, like absence of palpable spleen, presence of lymphadenopathy, normal or elevated leukocyte counts, expression of CD10, which at times could be diagnostically challenging.