ABSTRACT
Background: Anemia is a global health problem affecting mostly in developing countries. Iron deficiency anemia is a significant health problem and especially in developing countries. It’s the most neglected micronutrient deficiency disorder among under-five children. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence and determinants of anemia among under-five children and to suggest suitable remediable measures to prevent and control of anemia.Method: This is a cross-sectional study. Household survey carried out in twelve villages in a rural practice area Dhaura, Bareilly. A total of 396 children were contacted for obtaining blood samples by taking 33 children from each village. Blood samples were taken from all children between the 6th month to 59 months of age using simple random sampling. After the collection, data will be analyzed using the SPSS software version 20.Result: A total of 47.5% of the children were found to have anemia. Among them 25.5% had mild, 63.3% had moderate and 11.2% had severe anemia. The majority of them were male 269 (67.9%). The mean age of participating children was 17.351±7.785 months. 48.2% of anemic children were low birth weight.Conclusion: High prevalence could be due to deficiency in iron nutrition among under-five children associated with poor food availability, due to lack of nutritional education and other sociodemographic conditions, child’s age and worse household conditions also contributed to the prevalence of anemia.
ABSTRACT
Background: Needles are one of the biomedical waste materials generated during the treatment or procedure in the hospital. Improper handling, capping or disposal technique causes a major health hazard among the health care workers (HCWs). Needle stick injuries (NSIs) can occur accidentally at any time when people use, disassemble, or dispose needle. The aim of the present study were to find out the burden of chronic morbid condition due to NSIs to HCWs, to find out various risk factors responsible for causing chronic disease to HCWs and to suggest the prevention and control of needle stick injury among the HCWs.Methods: A cross-sectional study, conducted among HCWs. Sample size was estimated by using standard formula and 312 HCWs were taken in study. Equal number of respondent was taken from each group. The information has been collected and data entry has been done using specific software SPSS version 20.0.Results: Most of the HCWs were infected with hepatitis B (24.0%) followed by hepatitis C virus (8.7%) and HIV (1.9%) after the percutaneous injuries with needle of infectious patients during any intervention procedures of the patients.Conclusions: Occupational exposures to percutaneous injuries are substantial source of infections with blood borne pathogens among health-care workers because of the poor practice as well as not opting personal protective equipment’s during intervention process regarding preventive and control measures. These infections are highly preventable and should be eliminated.
ABSTRACT
Background: Perceived health (PH) is a subjective assessment of the health and it is a strong, independent and reliable predictor of morbidity, mortality. It includes so many aspects that are difficult to capture clinically such as incipient disease, physiological, psychological reserves. We assessed the impact of diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), co-morbidity and other associated factors on the general health (GH) dimension of the PH of the patients attending the outpatient department (OPD), Inpatient department (IPD), rural health training centre (RHTC) and urban health training centre (UHTC) of Shri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences (SRMS, IMS), Bareilly.Methods: PH status of the patients was assessed by the GH dimension of the physical component summary of PH using the 36-Items short form health survey (SF-36).Results: The impact of morbidity deteriorate the GH score but hypertensive patients scored poor results as compared to those with DM and comorbid patients (p>0.05). Age was inversely related with GH scores but male gender, higher education (p<0.05) and good occupation were all associated with higher GH score. There was not much influence of geographical area on the GH scores but urban score slightly better and the association was insignificant (p>0.05).Conclusions: Male young patients from urban area, educated and good job performed better score for GH and association was significant for education and occupation. The presence of morbidity and co-morbid condition deteriorate the GH of the patients. The impact of various socio-demographic factors on the PH status was also evident in the study.
ABSTRACT
Background: Needle stick injuries (NSIs) are a hazard for people who work with hypodermic syringes and other needle equipment. These injuries can occur at any time when people use, disassemble, or dispose of needles. Needle Stick and Sharps Injuries (NSSIs) are one of the major risk factors for blood-borne infections. The aim and objectives of the study were to assess the knowledge, attitude, practice and prevalence of NSIs among nurses in a private tertiary care hospital of district Bareilly; to recommended the preventive measure to control the injuries.Methods: A survey has been conducted in August 2013 to February 2014 among the nurses. This is a cross-sectional study. A purposive sampling was done aimed at covering at least 50 trained nurses and 50 nursing students working in a private tertiary care hospital Bareilly.Results: The prevalence of needle stick injuries per year equals 69.0%. Self inflicted were most common among nurses working in the wards. Instruments contaminated with infectious material accounted for the injuries in the study group of nurses.Conclusions: NSSIs are highly prevalent among nurses, and prevention is the most effective way to protect nurses from infectious diseases. The most common cause of injuries from needles was an improper handling of syringes and needles after injections.
ABSTRACT
Osteoporosis is a condition of low bone mass which predisposes to fractures. This silently progressive metabolic bone disease is widely prevalent in India in both sexes and occurs at younger age than in western population. Rapid bone loss occurs in postmenopausal women due to hormonal factors. Indians have low bone density compared to Caucasians. High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is a major factor for poor bone health in India. The bone health of population can be improved by encouraging children to drink milk and take enough exercise. Results of randomised trials have revolutionised treatments and several effective therapeutic drugs are available. Despite new treatments many patients with fractures still do not receive appropriate management. Early detection and management of this condition can avoid the risk of fractures and associated morbidity and mortality