Antenatal diagnosis of achondroplasia.

We report a interesting case of antenatal diagnosis of achondrpoplasia in a young multigravida who presented with term pregnancy for routine ultrasound assessment which revealed a single, live intrauterine fetus with a discrepancy between femur length (FL) and biparietal diameter (BPD), narrowing of the interpeduncular distance. The diagnosis of achondroplasia was made with a sonological skeletal survey and findings were correlated with radiological skeletal survey after the baby was delivered.

Myositis ossificans traumatica of the left masseter muscle presenting as soft tissue mass: a case report.

Myositis ossificans is a rare disease in which manifests as heterotopic bone formation within a muscle and is rarely found in the head or neck regions, including the masticator muscle. It should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients of trauma with severe limitation of jaw opening. Panoramic radiographs and axial and coronal computed tomography (CT) scans can effectively delineate the calcified mass. Other imaging studies that may be helpful include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), bone scans, and ultrasound.

Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Peripheral Giant Cell Granuloma or so called “Giant cell epulis” is the most common oral giant cell lesion.It usually presents as a purplish-red soft tissue nodule consisting of multinucleated giant cells in a background of mononuclear stromal cells and extravasated red blood cells. This lesion probably does not represent a true neoplasm but it may be a reactive in nature which is believed to be stimulated by local irritation or trauma, but the cause is not known with certainty. A case of peripheral giant cell granuloma arising at the left maxillary premolar region in a 18 year old boy is being reported here. The lesion was completely excised upto the periosteum level; there was no residual or recurrence of swelling or bony defect apparent in the area of biopsy after a follow-up period of 1 year.

Isolated Retrobulbar Orbital Hydatid Cyst: A Rare Case Report.

Isolated orbital hydatid cyst is a rare manifestation most commonly situated in superomedial and superolateral angles of orbit. We report a case of a 24 years old female with a large retrobulbar orbital hydatid cyst causing proptosis which was not associated with any cyst in other organs. USG and CT scan aids to diagnosis while surgical excision and histopathology confirms the diagnosis.

Desmoplastic Fibroma of the Maxilla : Report of a Rare Case.

Desmoplastic fibroma (DF) is a rare, benign but locally aggressive, intra-osseous lesion with a high tendency of local recurrence. A rare case of desmoplastic fibroma in the maxillary corpus is being presented with its pathology, clinical diagnostic methods, treatment and prognosis.

Emphysematous Pyelonephritis: Radiological Perspective.

Emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN) is an acute necrotizing parenchymal and perirenal infection and is caused by gas-forming organisms. Diabetes mellitus and ureteric obstruction are the predisposing factors for EPN. Computerized tomography (CT) scan is the modality of choice in diagnosing the disease, determining the extent of infection and helps in management. We report a case of emphysematous pyelonephritis in 52 years old man with emphasis on plain radiographic and CT scan findings.

Unicystic ameloblastoma presenting as multilocular lesion: A case report.

Unicystic ameloblastoma (UA) refers to those cystic lesions that show clinical, radiographic, or gross features of a mandibular cyst, but on histological examination show a typical ameloblastomatous epithelium lining part of the cyst cavity, with or without luminal and/or mural tumour growth. In this case report we present a uncommon multilocular unicystic ameloblastoma encountered in a 40 year old female patient.

Design and development of Orally Disintegrating Tablets of Famotidine Prepared by Direct Compression Method Using Different Superdisintegrants.

Orally disintegrating tablets (ODT) are gaining popularity over conventional tablets due to their convenience in administration and suitability for patients having dysphagia. Moreover no water is required for swallowing the tablets and hence suitable for geriatric, pediatric and traveling patients. Super disintegrants (such as Ac-Di-Sol, Crospovidone, sodium starch glycolate), Diluents (Dibasic calcium phosphate) along with sweetening agent (aspartame) were used in the formulation of tablets. The tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, water absorption ratio, in-vitro disintegration time (DT), in-vitro disintegration time in oral cavity and in vitro drug release. Using the same excipients, the tablets were prepared by direct compression and were evaluated in the similar way. Maximum drug release and minimum DT were observed with Crospovidone excipient prepared by direct compression.

Giant cell lesion of the jaw: A case report in a child.

Giant cell lesions of the jaw include cherubism, central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) aneurysmal bone cyst, traumatic bone cyst and jaw tumour of hyperparathyroidism. The histological, radiographic and clinical diagnosis is particularly difficult in these types of lesions due to their variable clinical behavior and identical histological presentation with abundant giant cells. We present the case of a 12-year-old boy, who developed a painless swelling of approximately 4 cm, in the left angle of the mandible. The lesion demonstrated slow, progressive and continuous growth. The patient was surgically treated by a conservative approach. The histopathology confirmed the suspected diagnosis of central giant cell granuloma.

Efficacy of temporalis myofascial flap as an interpositional graft material in the management of tmj ankylosis:.

Temporo-mandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis is an extremely disabling affliction that causes problems in mastication, digestion, speech, appearance and hygiene. Surgery of TMJ ankylosis needs careful evaluation and planning to yield predictable results. Ankylosis may be corrected surgically by an array of procedures like gap arthroplasty, joint reconstruction and interpositional arthroplasty. Though many types of autogenous grafts and alloplastic materials are available for the interpositioning, the temporalis muscle graft offers significant advantages like ease of harvesting, minimal donor site morbidity and effective coverage of the arthroplasty site. The efficacy of the same is highlighted in this article by its application in four cases of TMJ ankylosis.

Oral submucous fibrosis : current concepts in etiopathogenesis.

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is now accepted globally as an Indian disease, having highest malignant potential than any other oral premalignant lesions. The understanding of the exact role of alkaloids and other etiological agents with respect to pathogenesis will help the management and minimize the blind clinical trials and treatment modalities. This article provides an overview of the etiopathogenesis with stress on the recent concepts related to this chronic “Indian Disease”.

Curcuma longa as feed additive in broiler birds and its patho-physiological effects.

Broiler birds (Vencob chicken of 3 days old) when given feed mixed with powdered rhizome of Curcuma longa (CL; @ 1 g/kg) for 42 days of age, showed significant decrease in serum uric acid and albumin as compared to control, whereas significant increase was recorded in the level of serum total protein and globulin. Level of serum glucose, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate amino transferase and calcium showed no significant variation between the two groups. Micronutrient assay revealed significantly higher level of manganese, zinc, iron and copper in treated group as compared to control group. HA/HI test revealed better humoral response against RD vaccine in CL administered birds. Haematological study showed significantly higher haemoglobin and absolute neutrophil count in treated group. Addition of CL as feed additive also resulted in better growth rate, feed consumption and F:C efficiency in the treated birds. Thus, it could be concluded that powdered CL might be a useful feed additive, since it enhanced the F:C efficiency and had nephroprotective properties.

Familial testicular tumour in two brothers: a case report.

Testicular tumors account for 1% of all cancers in men and it occurs in 1 in 500 men. Incidence of familial testicular tumours is rare. Total number of cases till the year 1992 in identical twins is 21, in brothers 82 and father-son both affected in 31 pairs. We report a case of two brothers presenting simultaneously with testicular tumours. Both were subjected to retrograde orchidectomy. Histopathologic examination of one revealed embryonal cell carcinoma and other mature teratoma of the testis. Patient with embryonal carcinoma was given adjuvant chemotherapy based on Bleomycin, Etoposide and cisplatinum (BEP) and one with mature teratoma was put on a follow up.

Pathology of benzalkonium chloride toxicity and its effect on body weight gain in broiler birds.

Four groups comprising 16 broiler birds each were given benzalkonium chloride (BC) at 100, 300, 500 and 700 ppm in drinking water for 40 days and one group of 16 birds (control) was kept on plain water. Clinical signs in higher dose groups were respiratory distress, drooling of saliva, difficulty in deglutition, inappetence, apathy, lethargy and loss of body weight. Better body weight gain was recorded in 100 ppm dose rate. At 300 ppm, no significant body weight variation was recorded, whereas, at 500 and 700 ppm dose rates, significantly poor body weight gain was recorded. Major pathological changes were seen in 500 and 700 ppm groups, which exhibited formation of yellow diphtheritic plaques in the buccal cavity, swollen and pale commissures of beak and shortening of tongue. Minute necrotic and ulcerative foci were seen in oesophagus and crop. Hyperplastic and hypertrophic alterations were seen in mucosa of the upper digestive tract. Crop of 300 ppm group revealed formation of well developed epithelial nest with pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia at the margin of the lesion. Serum alanine transaminase, urea and uric acid in 500 and 700 ppm groups were elevated whereas no significant variations were observed in the 100 and 300 ppm groups. BC could enhance performance of broiler birds at 100 ppm dose rate. It should not be used beyond 300 ppm.

Effect of combination therapy in Mycobacterium paratuberculosis infected rabbits.

Rabbits, infected with M paratuberculosis of caprine origin, were treated with streptomycin sulphate and rifampicin in combination with levamisole hydrochloride for a period of 2 months. Marked clinical response including significant rise in total serum protein, albumin and globulin were recorded in treated groups. Highly significant higher leucocyte migration inhibition indicating enhanced CMI reaction, occurred in rabbits treated for 4 weeks. Complete elimination of M. paratuberculosis from faeces, intestines and mesenteric lymph nodes was observed. They were also absent from spleen, kidneys, lungs and liver of rabbits treated with rifampicin and levamisole, whereas were present in lungs of the rabbits administered with streptomycin and levamisole. Absence of characteristic lesions of paratuberculosis and evidence of regenerative reaction were observed in visceral organs of rabbits treated with rifampicin and levamisole. Effectiveness of rifampicin is attributed to its effect on lymphocyte, the primary cell involved in cell mediated immunity. Rifampicin-levamisole combination appeared superior to streptomycin-levamisole in eliminating the infection of M. paratuberculosis from infected rabbits. Approximate cost of treatment was calculated to be Rs 8.50 per kg body weight. Cattle, sheep and goats, if treated in early stage of infection may recover from paratuberculosis.