ABSTRACT
Background: The objective of the present study was to study the effect of stress on hypertension in various professional groups.Methods: A cross sectional study was done from 1st August 2015 to 30th August 2017 in district Bareilly. A predesigned and pretested questionnaire was used comprising of demographic data and stress. Three types of professionals were included in this study: doctors, managerial staff and school teachers from the teaching institutions.Results: This study showed association of hypertension with stress level and found that 24.62% doctors, 72.31% school teachers and 27.69% managerial staff were hypertensive with mild stress level. Among all study subjects 41.54% were hypertensive with mild stress level. 15.38% doctors, 10.77% school teachers and 46.92% managerial staff were hypertensive with moderate stress level. Among all study subjects 24.36% were hypertensive with moderate stress level. 46.15% doctors, 0.76% school teachers and 8.46% managerial staff were hypertensive with severe stress level. Among all study subjects 18.46% were hypertensive with severe stress level. Chi-square test for association was applied and p-value was found significant for doctors, managerial staff and insignificant in school teachers. Among all study subjects p value 0.016 was found significant.Conclusions: The present study showed highly significant association for hypertension with stress level among doctors and managerial staff with p value (0.005) and (0.001).
ABSTRACT
Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) tear has been described to occur spontaneously, after laser photocoagulation and in recent times, after intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents. In the latter case, the rapid contraction of the choroidal vascular membrane underneath a serous RPE detachment is believed to be the underlying cause. Preservation of good visual acuity after the occurrence of RPE tear with continued use of intravitreal VEGF agents has been reported. In this case report, we describe the occurrence of multiple RPE tears with the use of intravitreal bevacizumab and also correlate the preservation of visual acuity with features seen on spectral domain optical coherence tomography.
Subject(s)
Aged , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/administration & dosage , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/adverse effects , Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage , Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized , Female , Fundus Oculi , Humans , Intravitreal Injections , Macular Degeneration/complications , Macular Degeneration/drug therapy , Macular Degeneration/physiopathology , Retinal Perforations/chemically induced , Retinal Perforations/diagnosis , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Vision Disorders/etiology , Visual AcuityABSTRACT
Incarceration of vitreous in sclerotomy sites during pars plana vitrectomy can lead to wound-related complications similar to vitreous incarceration in cataract surgery. We describe an illuminated curved 25-gauge vitrectomy probe for removing vitreous from sclerotomy sites. Polyester tubing is used to secure a fiber optic endoilluminator (0.5 mm) with the curved 25-gauge vitrector (0.5 mm). The resultant illuminated curved vitrector (20 G) has a diameter of 1.0 mm. It facilitates complete removal of vitreous around the internal sclerotomies under direct visualization in both phakic and pseudophakic eyes. The same was confirmed with ultrasound biomicroscopy of the sclerotomy sites. Curved vitrector reduces postoperative complications related to incarcerated vitreous in phakic and pseudophakic eyes and other sclerotomy-related wound complications.