Prevalence of Internet Addiction and the Effect of Internet Usage on Lifestyle of College Students of Haryana during COVID 19 lockdown period

Introduction: Since 1990, internet usage is increasing day by day and availability of smart mobile phones and electronic gazettes like tablet, laptop etc. has given it an exponential rise. During COVID-19 lockdown period, internet usage pattern has changed a lot as per behaviour of students studying in schools, colleges, educational and coaching institutes etc. To study the prevalence of internet addictionObjective: and the effect of internet usage on lifestyle of college students of Haryana. Total 1035 students, ofMethod: various educational streams in various colleges of Haryana state were included in the study and data was collected by pretested self-designed questionnaire and young's internet addiction test questionnaire was used to assess its effect on life style. Out of 1035 students, 436(42%) participants were belowResults: average users of internet, followed by 369(36%) average users and 230(22%) excessive users of internet. Average of total score of young internet addiction questionnaire was 27.72. Various life style factors like feeling stressed while working, neglects other activities, miss a diet, checks internet many times, obsessed with phone and internet usage per day were found significantly associated with internet addiction(p<0.05). Conclusion : Excessive internet usage during COVID-19 pandemic may lead to various abnormal behavior changes which cause negative effect on various aspects of students like emotional, hyperactivity, depression, sleeping disorder etc.

Comparison Of Instrumentation Time And Cleaning Efficacy Of Manual K–File, Rotary Protaper Universal And Rotary Protaper Next In Primary Anterior Teeth: An In–Vitro Study

Introduction: Pulpectomy of primary teeth with severe pulpal involvement is one of the most important concerns in Pediatric Dentistry.Root canal instrumentation is performed with files, reamers, sonic instruments and recently with rotary instruments. Although manual instrumentation is widely used in primary teeth, but they have limitations.The development of nickel titanium alloys and the possibility of changing the traditional design and taper have allowed use of rotary instruments in endodontic treatment. A new generation of NiTi rotary files has been introduced as the Protaper Next. Aim : The present study aimed to compare the instrumentation time and cleaning efficacy of Protaper Next with rotary Protaper Universal system and manual K file in pediatric endodontics. Materials and Methods: An in-vitro experimental study was conducted by injecting Indian ink in a total sample of 60 human single rooted primary anterior teeth. The teeth were randomly divided into three experimental groups, including K-file,ProTaper Universal, Protaper Next and one control group. The root canals were prepared using one of the three file system followed by clearing the teeth with different demineralising solutions.A chronometer was used to calculate the instrumentation time in each root canal and scores were analysed by a steremicroscope. Data analyses were performed using version 21.0 of Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Results: In the coronal third of root canals cleaning efficacy of K Files and ProTaper Next showed almost similar score.In the middle third of root canals cleaning efficacy scores in two file systems were significantly lower than K files . In the apical third ProTaper Next showed better cleaning efficacy compared to K files and ProTaper Universal Files systems. Difference between the different groups was statistically significant P=0.000(<0.001). Conclusion: This study showed that the use of Ni-Ti rotary instruments in the pulpectomy of primary anterior teeth represents a promising technique in pediatric patients, thus instrumentation is feasible, offeringtime-saving advantages in root canal preparation

Babool Thorn in the Root Canal of a Tooth with an Immature Apex: A Case Report and Its Management.

Many children with a habit of placing various objects in the oral cavity eventually end up with foreign body lodgement into the pulp chamber or root canal leading to pain and infection. This case reports babool thorn (Acacia nilotica) as foreign body in the root canals and the successful removal of thorns by nonsurgical technique and its management is presented. A 13 year old boy reported with chief complain of pain and swelling in an upper front tooth region since 1 month. A detail history elicited from the patient that he had suffered dental trauma 4½ years back. Both 11, 21 teeth were discoloured and non vital (Ellis Class IV #). During the biomechanical preparation, Babool thorns were accidentally found from 21, in total 12 babool thorns were recovered and both the teeth were further managed by successful apexification procedure with Biodentine (Septodont) followed by RCT and full crown restoration.

Aetiology of childhood viral gastroenteritis in Lucknow, north India.

Background & objectives: Due to limited availability of data on viral aetiology of acute gastroenteritis in north India, the present study was planned to detect rotavirus, norovirus, sapovirus and astrovirus in stool samples of both in hospitalized and non-hospitalized children less than five years of age presenting with acute gastroenteritis. Methods: A total of 278 stool samples from equal number of children were tested for rotavirus antigen using ELISA and for norovirus, sapovirus and astroviruses by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. Results: Of the 169 samples from hospitalized patients, rotavirus, norovirus, sapovirus and astrovirus were detected in 19.5, 2.3, 3.5 and 2.9 per cent samples, respectively. Of the 109 samples collected from the non-hospitalized patients, frequency of rotavirus and sapovirus detection was 9.1 and 1.8 per cent, respectively while norovirus and astrovirus were not detected. Interpretation & conclusions: Rotavirus was the most frequent cause of viral gastroenteritis in both hospitalized and non-hospitalized children. Maximum positivity of the viruses was seen in children less than two years of age.

Compliance with Home-based Fortification Strategies for Delivery of Iron and Zinc: Its Effect on Haematological and Growth Markers among 6-24 months Old Children in North India.

Compliance is a key component in successful implementation of the delivery of micronutrients among children. The present study evaluates the compliance with two home-based food fortification strategies (fortified complementary food or sprinkle) for providing iron and zinc among children aged 6-24 months. A total of 292 children were randomly allocated to receive either rice-based fortified complementary food and nutrition education (Cf=101), sprinkle and nutrition education (Mp=97), or nutrition education alone as control (Ed=94). All the enrolled children were breastfed at the beginning of the study and were advised to continue breastfeeding. Biweekly information on compliance and anthropometry was collected. Complete haemogram estimation was conducted at baseline and end of the study. Compliance with the fortified complementary food was higher compared to sprinkle (Cf=81%, Mp=64% child-days). Consumption of the fortified complementary food for 6 months resulted in a significant increase in mean haemoglobin in the intervention group compared to control group (Cf 1.29±1.6 g/dL; Ed 0.23±1.3 g/dL; p<0.001). Our results showed that fortified complementary food had higher compliance than sprinkle and is a suitable delivery mechanism for iron and zinc in preschool children.

Effect of Raised Mid-trimester Serum hCG and a-fetoprotein on Pregnancy Outcome.

Objective: To study the effect of elevated maternal serum human choriogonadotrophin (MShCG) levels and maternal serum a-fetoprotein (MSAFP) levels measured at 14-24 weeks gestation on pregnancy outcome. Material and methods: A prospective study was conducted in 400 antenatal women with gestational age 14-24 weeks attending OPD and Indoor in Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology over a period of 12 months. Maternal serum b-hCG and a-fetoprotein levels were measured by fully automated chemiluminesence method. Result: Elevated mid-trimester MShCG levels and MSAFP level were associated with development of pre-eclampsia. Conclusion: Elevated mid-trimester MShCG and MSAFP level may help in the prediction of pre-eclampsia and hence they can be used as screening tools for prediction of pre-eclampsia.

Comparative study of catheter drainage and needle aspiration in management of large liver abscesses.

Objective To compare the effectiveness of percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) and percutaneous needle aspiration (PNA) in the management of large (>10 cm diameter) liver abscesses. Methods Seventy-two patients with liver abscess (amebic 48, pyogenic 24) were randomly allocated to PCD or PNA (36 each), which were done within 24 hours of admission. Both groups received parenteral antibiotics for at least 10 days. PNA was repeated every third day if the cavity size had not declined to 50% of the original for up to three times. Persistence of cavity or of clinical symptoms was considered failure of treatment. Duration to attain clinical relief, duration of hospital stay, complications, treatment failure, and deaths were recorded. Results PNA was successful in 31 of 36 (86%) patients (one aspiration in 10, two in 18, and three in 3 patients), whereas PCD was successful in 35 (97%) patients (p=ns). Duration to attain clinical relief (10.2 [2.0] vs. 8.1 [2.7] days; p=0.02) and parenteral antibiotics needed (15.5 [1.1] vs. 10.9 [2.7] days; p=0.04) were significantly lower in PCD group. Duration of hospital stay was similar in the two groups. One patient with PNA had a subcapsular hematoma and one with PCD had continuous bile leakage which stopped spontaneously. One patient in PCD group died. Conclusion PCD is a better treatment option than PNA for the management of large liver abscesses of size >10 cm, in terms of duration to attain clinical relief and duration for which parenteral antibiotics are needed.