ABSTRACT
Abstract Erythema nodosum leprosum is a severe immune reaction that complicates the usual course of multibacillary leprosy. There is increased activation of T-cells in erythema nodosum leprosum. Treatment modalities available to date for the management are systemic steroids, thalidomide, methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, minocycline, and apremilast but none of them is promising and safe. Mycobacterium indicus pranii is an atypical mycobacterium possessing strong immunomodulatory properties. The vaccine for this mycobacterium has been shown to have both immunotherapeutic and immunoprophylactic effects in multibacillary leprosy patients. We report a case of chronic recalcitrant erythema nodosum Leprosum which responded to Mycobacterium indicus pranii vaccine without any adverse effects, thereby suggesting its role as a novel therapeutic option in this reaction.
Subject(s)
Humans , Vaccines , Leprosy, Lepromatous/drug therapy , Erythema Nodosum/drug therapy , Leprosy, Multibacillary , MycobacteriumABSTRACT
Odontomas are the most characteristic among odontogenic tumors of the jaws, which are benign, slow-growing and non-aggressive. There are various theories, or etiological factors were quoted for occurrences of odontomas. Being asymptomatic in nature sometimes it may interfere with the eruption of the associated tooth leading to impaction or delayed eruption. Most of the lesions are diagnosed accidently on routine radiological examination in the second and third decades of the life. The sole management mainly depends on the early diagnosis, histopathological examination and surgical removal of the lesion. Here, we were presenting an interesting case of unusually large complex odontoma associated with pain, as well as missing molar is reported.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Humans , Male , Molar , Odontoma/classification , Odontoma/epidemiology , Odontoma/pathology , Odontoma/surgery , Pain/etiologyABSTRACT
A SPECT (single photon emission computed tomography using Tc-99m HMPAO) study of brain with segmental quantitative analysis was conducted to access the cerebral perfusion in cases of Down’s syndrome (DS). Varying level of brain hypo-perfusion was documented, probably explaining the neurophysiologic basis of cognitive and neuropsychological deficits, which are not well understood in DS.
ABSTRACT
The issues related to fluoridation of water or fortification of tooth paste with compounds of fluorides are controversial. Fluoride is stored mainly in the bones, where it increases the density and changes the internal architecture, makes it osteoporotic and more prone to fractures. Fluoride consumption by human beings increases the general cancer death rate, disrupts the synthesis of collagen and leads to the breakdown of collagen in bone, tendon, muscle, skin, cartilage, lungs, kidney and trachea, causing disruptive effect on various tissues in the body. It inhibits antibody formation, disturbs immune system and makes the child prone to malignancy. Fluoride has been categorized as a protoplasmic poison and any additional ingestion of fluoride by children is undesirable.
Subject(s)
Child , Fluoridation/adverse effects , Fluorides/administration & dosage , Fluorides/adverse effects , Fluorosis, Dental , Humans , Nutrition Policy , Toothpastes/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Autism is a severe developmental disorder, the biological mechanisms of which remain unknown. Hence we conducted this study to assess the cerebral perfusion in 10 children with autism and mental retardation. Five age matched normal children served as controls. These cases were evaluated by single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) using Tc-99m HMPAO, followed by segmental quantitative evaluation. Generalized hypoperfusion of brain was observed in all 10 cases as compared to controls. Frontal and prefrontal regions revealed maximum hypoperfusion. Subcortical areas also indicated hypoperfusion. We conclude that children with autism have varying levels of perfusion abnormities in brain causing neurophysiologic dysfunction that presents with cognitive and neuropsychological defects.