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Introduction: Anti tuberculosis drug resistance is a majorpublic health problem that threatens progress made in TBcare and control. Globally prevalence of MDR TB(Multidrugresistance tuberculosis i.e.resitance to Isoniazid andRifampicin) is estimated around 4.1% in new cases and 19%in previously treated cases according to WHO report. Clinicaldepression is common but often neglected problem amongTB patients. This study was conducted to know problem ofdepression among MDR Tb patients. Aims and objectives ofthis study were to determine the prevalence of depression inpeople with TB at the time of anti-TB treatment initiation andto assess factors associated with baseline depression.Material and methods: It is a observational study conductedin tertiary care centre. After obtaining proper consent andethical consent data was collected using PHQ 9 score. Datawas analysed using appropriate statistical methods.Results: Out of total 100 patients 80% were PulmonaryTuberculosis(PTB) while 20% were ExtrapulmonaryTuberculosis (EPTB). Around 56% patients were male while44% were female. Prevalence of depression was 51%.Conclusion: Depression is common problem among MDRTB which is preventable and can be managed if identified atearly stage.
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Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is the mostcommon sleep disordered breathing (SDB) and is associatedwith recurrent episodes of upper airway (UA) collapse duringsleep. Arousal from sleep is required to re-establish the airwaypatency. Patients with OSAS have various structural andfunctional abnormalities of the upper airway during sleep,which may reflect on their pulmonary function tests.Material and methods: We performed spirometry in 50diagnosed OSAS patients. Spirometric indices like FEF50/FIF50 >1 and saw tooth appearance of FV loops were studied.Their association with OSA and grades of OSA was evaluatedusing statistical analysis.Results: It was found that these spirometric indices werecommon in OSAS patients but their association with grades ofOSA were not statistically significant.Conclusion: Spirometry findings can point toward diagnosisof OSA but these findings are absent in most OSA patients.
ABSTRACT
Background:Chronic Renal Failure (CRF) is characterized by gradual, progressive and permanent decrease in the renal functions. Moreover, CRF adversely effects the functioning of the various other organs. Dyslipidemia is the characteristic of the CRF, moreover lipid profile disorder appear from the onset of the CRF. However, severity of disturbance depends on the stage of CRF. MDA one of the important marker of oxidative stress is the product of lipid peroxidation, which is produced by oxidation of poly unsaturated fatty acid. Increased oxidative stress leads to distruction of bio-molecules, protein, DNA and RNA of the cells. Methods: This was a cross sectional type of study conducted in the TMMC & RC, Moradabad (U.P.). Total sixty patients of CRF patients > 20 years were included in the study. Lipid profile which included serum concentration of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and high density lipoprotein (HDL) were calculated enzymatic method CHOD-POD method, GPO-PAP method, CHOD-POD/ Phosphotungstate method respectively Results:There was a significant difference between the mean values of TC (< 0.001), TG (< 0.001), LDL (< 0.001), VLDL (< 0.001) of CRF patients and Control group III. MDA level was significantly high in group I and group II compare to group III. Further, the levels of MDA were significantly high in group I CRF patients on dialysis when compared to group II conservatively managed patients (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Findings of the present study showed that there is increased oxidative stress level as well elevated risk of CVD in CRF patients on dialysis. More of altered level of lipids induces atherosclerosis in CRF patients. Therefore, the present study suggest that management lipids and oxidative stress should be included during the treatment of CRF patients.