ABSTRACT
Resumen Introducción: La psicología positiva ha señalado la importancia del bienestar subjetivo de los adolescentes, por ser un precursor del desarrollo positivo de los jóvenes. La investigación resalta la importancia del apoyo social percibido y el ajuste escolar como determinantes del bienestar adolescente. Por ello, este artículo tiene como finalidad analizar las relaciones de la percepción de apoyo social (de familia, profesorado, amigos) con el bienestar subjetivo de los adolescentes, mediado por su ajuste escolar. Método: Participaron 1035 estudiantes peruanos de educación secundaria, con edades entre 12 y 16 años. Se probaron dos modelos teóricos con variables latentes, uno con mediación total y otro con mediación parcial. Resultados: Los resultados del modelo final mostraron una alta capacidad predictiva del apoyo social sobre el ajuste escolar y de este sobre el bienestar de los adolescentes. Además, se encontró un potente efecto del apoyo de la familia sobre el bienestar subjetivo de los adolescentes peruanos. Conclusión: Estos resultados contribuyen a resaltar que el bienestar subjetivo es un constructo central en el contexto de la psicología positiva y en el desarrollo positivo de los jóvenes, por lo que debería cultivarse más abundantemente en las escuelas.
Abstract Introduction: Positive psychology has highlighted the importance of adolescents' subjected well-being as a precursor of the positive youth development. Research in this context highlights the importance of perceived social support and school adjustment as determinants of adolescent well-being. Therefore, the objective of this work has been to analyze the relationships of the perception of social support (from family, teachers, and friends) and the adolescents' subjective well-being, mediated by their school adjustment. Method: Participants were 1035 Peruvian Secondary Education students, aged between 12 and 16 years old. Two theoretical models with latent variables have been estimated and tested, one with total mediation and the other with partial mediation. Results: The results of the final model, with partial mediation, have shown a high predictive capacity of social support on school adjustment and, in turn, on the adolescents' well-being. In addition, a powerful effect of family support on subjective well-being of Peruvian adolescents has also been found. Conclusion: These results contribute to highlighting that subjective well-being is a central construct in the context of Positive Psychology and in the positive development of young people, which is why it should be cultivated more abundantly in schools.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Social Support , Psychology, Positive , Mainstreaming, Education , Family , EmotionsABSTRACT
El objetivo fue triple: validar las versiones portuguesa y española de la Escala de Orientación y Clima Motivacional (MOC), evaluar la invarianza métrica en muestras de estudiantes dominicanos y angoleños, y estudiar las relaciones de las orientaciones y climas motivacionales con aspectos educativos relevantes. Participaron 2302 estudiantes dominicanos y 2028 angoleños de 14 a 18 años. Mediante Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio se comprobó que las cuatro dimensiones hipotetizadas del MOC se ajustaban bien a los datos de ambas muestras. Los resultados más relevantes mostraron que las percepciones de los estudiantes sobre el clima de maestría se relacionaron positivamente con el compromiso escolar y el éxito académico en ambas muestras, mientras que las percepciones del clima de ejecución se relacionaron negativamente con estas variables escolares. Los resultados se discuten en el marco de la teoría de las metas de logro (TML) y en relación con las implicaciones para la práctica educativa.
O objetivo do estudo foi triplo: validar as versões em português e espanhol da Escala de Orientação e Clima Motivacional (MOC); avaliar a sua invariância métrica em amostras de estudantes dominicanos e angolanos; e estudar as relações das orientações e climas motivacionais com os aspectos educacionais relevantes. Participaram 2.302 estudantes dominicanos e 2.028 angolanos, de 14 a 18 anos. A Análise Fatorial Confirmatória mostrou que as quatro dimensões da hipótese do MOC se ajustaram bem aos dados de ambas as amostras. Os resultados mais relevantes mostraram que as percepções dos alunos sobre o clima de ensino estavam positivamente relacionadas ao engajamento escolar e ao sucesso acadêmico em ambas as amostras, enquanto as percepções do clima de desempenho estavam negativamente relacionadas com ditas variáveis. Os resultados são discutidos no âmbito da teoria das metas de realização e com relação às implicações para a prática educacional.
The aim was threefold: to validate the Portuguese and Spanish versions of the Motivational Orientation and Climate Scale (MOC), to test for measurement invariance across large Dominican and Angolan students' samples, and to study the relationships of motivational orientations and climates with relevant educational outcomes. Participants were 2302 Dominican and 2028 Angolan students from 14 to 18 years old. Confirmatory Factor Analyses were used to study factorial structure of the MOC. Main results showed that the hypothesized four dimensions fitted the data from both samples well. Regarding the relationships analyzed, the most relevant results shown that students' perceptions of mastery class climate was positively related with school engagement and academic success in both Dominican and Angolan samples, while perceptions of performance class climate was negatively related to these school variables. Results are discussed within the achievement goal framework and in regard to the implications for educational practices.