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1.
Ter. psicol ; 41(2)ago. 2023.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1530528

ABSTRACT

El Cuestionario de Evaluación de Apego en el adulto CaMir, es un instrumento de auto-reporte basado en la Teoría del Apego que evalúa los modelos de relación en adultos y permite describir las estrategias de apego. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue desarrollar una versión breve para el contexto chileno, para lo cual se llevaron a cabo dos estudios. En el Estudio 1 se obtuvo una versión reducida del CaMir bajo una estrategia de validación cruzada. En el Estudio 2, se aplicó la versión reducida obtenida en el estudio 1 a una amplia muestra de adultos/as chilenos/as (n=1246). Los resultados muestran evidencias que apoyan la estructura interna propuesta, y los análisis de invarianza apoyan la existencia de equivalencia/invarianza de medida entre hombres y mujeres. Adicionalmente, esta versión obtuvo correlaciones significativas con la Escala de Dificultades de Regulación Emocional, el cuestionario de Experiencias en Relaciones Cercanas y la Escala de Depresión del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos. En síntesis, los resultados muestran que esta nueva versión abreviada del CaMir, es un instrumento apropiado para el estudio de los modelos de relación y las estrategias de apego en adultos/as chilenos/as.


The CaMir Adult Attachment Assessment Questionnaire is a self-report instrument based on Attachment Theory that assesses relationship models in adults and allows describing attachment strategies. The objective of this research was to develop a short version for the Chilean context. The results of two studies are presented. In Study 1, a reduced version of CaMir was obtained under a cross-validation strategy. In Study 2, the reduced version obtained in Study 1 was applied to a large sample of Chilean adults (n=1246). The results show evidence that supports the proposed internal structure, and the invariance analysis support the existence of equivalence/invariance of measurement between men and women. Additionally, this version obtained significant correlations with the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, the Experiences in Close Relationships questionnaire and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. In summary, the results show that this new abbreviated version of the CaMir is an appropriate instrument for the study of relationship models and attachment strategies in Chilean adults.

2.
Ter. psicol ; 41(1): 39-62, abr. 2023. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1515602

ABSTRACT

El cuestionario de Experiencias en Relaciones Cercanas (ECR) es un instrumento de auto-reporte ampliamente utilizado para evaluar el apego en la adultez, a partir de dos dimensiones: la ansiedad y la evitación asociadas al apego. Este instrumento ha sido adaptado en múltiples contextos, incluyendo el chileno, del cual existe una versión abreviada (ECR-12), objeto de análisis del presente estudio. Si bien existe consenso en que la seguridad en el apego es mejor descrita en términos dimensionales, hay ámbitos, como en la práctica clínica donde contar con valores de referencia podría ser de utilidad. El objetivo de este estudio es proveer valores de referencia para la interpretación de los valores del ECR-12 en el contexto chileno. Para ello, una muestra de 6779 participantes respondió el ECR-12. Se utilizó el método de puntuación z con normalización para obtener los valores de referencia. Los análisis realizados evidenciaron la necesidad de construir baremos diferenciados por edad. Así, para el grupo de 29 años o menos, el punto de corte en la dimensión de ansiedad es de un promedio igual o superior a 4.4 puntos, y para la evitación, el punto de corte es de un promedio igual o superior a 2.5. En cambio, para el grupo de 30 años o más, el punto de corte en la dimensión de ansiedad es de un promedio igual o superior a 4.2, y para la evitación, es de un promedio igual o superior a 2.9. Estos hallazgos pueden ser relevantes no sólo para identificar a personas que puedan presentar niveles sustancialmente altos de ansiedad y/o evitación en el apego, sino, también puede constituirse como una herramienta clínica complementaria en contextos terapéuticos.


The Experiences in Close Relationships (ECR) questionnaire is a widely used self-report measure to assess adult attachment, based on two dimensions: attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance. This instrument has been adapted in multiple contexts, including the Chilean, for which there is an abbreviated version (ECR-12), that is the object of analysis in the present study. Although there is consensus that attachment security is best described in dimensional terms, there are areas, such as clinical practice, where having reference values could be useful. The aim of this study is to provide reference values for the interpretation of ECR-12 scores in the Chilean context. To do this, a sample of 6779 participants was evaluated using the ECR-12. The z-score normalization method was used to obtain the reference values. The analyzes carried out showed the need to build scales differentiated by age. Thus, for the group of 29 years or less, the cut-off point in the anxiety dimension is an average equal to or greater than 4.4 points, and for avoidance, the cut-off point is an average equal to or greater than 2.5. On the other hand, for the group aged 30 or older, the cut-off point in the anxiety dimension is an average equal to or greater than 4.2, and for avoidance, it is an average equal to or greater than 2.9. These findings can be relevant not only for identifying people who may present substantially high levels of anxiety and/or avoidance in attachment, but also as a complementary clinical tool in therapeutic contexts.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Anxiety/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Object Attachment , Reference Values , Chile , Sex Factors , Analysis of Variance , Self Report , Interpersonal Relations
3.
Horiz. enferm ; 34(1): 35-49, 2023. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1427983

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Determinar el efecto mediador de la motivación a buscar venganza en la relación de la ansiedad y la evitación en el apego con la calidad de vida. METODOLOGÍA: estudio transversal correlacional. La muestra estuvo constituida por 558 personas de 18 a 65 años de la ciudad de Antofagasta, Chile. Fueron utilizados los instrumentos: Cuestionario WHOQoL-Bref; Experiencia en Relaciones Cercanas; y Motivación a buscar venganza. Se realizó un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales que consideró efectos directos, indirectos y totales. RESULTADOS: Del total de participantes, 289 (51,8%) fueron hombres. Las edades fluctuaron entre 18 y 65 años (M=39,7; ±13,42). Se encontraron efectos significativos en la relación entre la ansiedad y evitación en el apego en los dominios físico, psicológico y social-relacional de la calidad de vida. La motivación a buscar venganza tiene efecto de mediación total en la relación entre evitación en el apego y el dominio físico, y efecto de mediación parcial de la evitación en el apego sobre el dominio psicológico de la calidad de vida. CONCLUSIÓN: ansiedad y evitación en el apego disminuyen la calidad de vida y la motivación a buscar venganza media parcial o totalmente la relación entre la evitación en el apego sobre los dominios físico y psicológico de la calidad de vida.


OBJECTIVE: To determine the mediating effect of revenge-seeking motivation on the relationship between anxiety and avoidance in attachment and quality of life. METHODOLOGY: cross-sectional correlational study. The sample consisted of 558 people aged 18 to 65 years from the city of Antofagasta, Chile. The following instruments were used: WHOQoL-Bref Questionnaire; Experience in Close Relationships; and Motivation to seek revenge. Structural equation modeling was performed considering direct, indirect and total effects. RESULTS: Of the total number of participants, 289 (51.8%) were male. Ages ranged from 18 to 65 years (M=39.7; ±13.42). Significant effects were found in the relationship between anxiety and avoidance on attachment in the physical, psychological, and social-relational domains of quality of life. Revenge-seeking motivation has full mediation effect on the relationship between attachment avoidance and the physical domain, and partial mediation effect of attachment avoidance on the psychological domain of quality of life. CONCLUSION: Anxiety and attachment avoidance decrease quality of life, and revenge-seeking motivation partially or fully mediates the relationship between attachment avoidance and the physical and psychological domains of quality of life.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Anxiety/psychology , Quality of Life/psychology , Mental Health , Psychotherapy , Chile , Psychological Well-Being , Men/psychology
4.
Ter. psicol ; 40(3): 435-453, dic. 2022. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1424677

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes Basada en la teoría de Carver y Scheier, el optimismo es definido como un rasgo o disposición que consta de dos dimensiones, optimismo y pesimismo. Este constructo es ampliamente estudiado por su asociación con calidad de vida y bienestar psicológico. En el contexto nacional no se cuenta con un instrumento validado para medir este constructo en población infantojuvenil. En el presente artículo, se ofrece una alternativa para su evaluación en un amplio margen de edades a través de la medición realizada por los padres y madres en dos etapas del ciclo vital infantojuvenil. Objetivo El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la estructura factorial de la versión chilena del Test de Orientación Vital en niños, niñas y jóvenes, valorado por los padres, LOT-P. Para ello, se evaluó una muestra de 392 personas, padres y madres chilenos. Resultados Para el análisis, se revisó la fiabilidad para la muestra total, por género de padres, y por grupo etario. Asimismo, para el análisis factorial confirmatorio, se revisaron los índices de ajuste comúnmente utilizados en la práctica investigativa. Los datos obtenidos proporcionan evidencia que el instrumento se ajusta a la propuesta original de Lemola y colaboradores, correspondiente a una estructura bidimensional. Asimismo, se evidenció la equivalencia de la escala entre padres y madres, como para distintos tipos etarios. Conclusiones En conclusión, la escala LOT-P posee propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para la evaluación del optimismo de los niños, niñas y jóvenes, reportado por sus padres y madres. Algunas de las limitaciones de esta investigación se relacionan con la mayor participación de personas con un nivel educacional y socioeconómico alto, por ejemplo.


Background Based on the theory by Carver y Scheier, optimism is defined as a trait or disposition consisting of two dimensions, optimism and pessimism. This construct is widely studied for its association with quality of life and psychological well-being. In the Chilean context, this construct does not have a valid measure of children and youth. This paper offers, is offered an alternative for its evaluation in a wide range of ages through the measurement carried out by the fathers and mothers. Objective For the analysis, reliability was reviewed for the total sample, by gender of parents, and by age group. Likewise, for confirmatory factor analysis, the adjustment indices commonly used in research practice were reviewed. This study aims to assess the factor structure of LOT-P on Chilean children and youth, as reported by parents. Results Data obtained on a sample of 392 Chilean parents show a good fit with the two-dimensional structure proposed by Lemola et al. Additionally, results show metric invariance between mothers and fathers, s for different age types. Conclusions Therefore, LOT-P shows psychometric properties suitable for assessing NNA optimism, as reported by parents. This investigation has some limitations related with a high educational and socioeconomic level of the participants, for example.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Parents/psychology , Psychometrics , Chile
5.
Rev. CES psicol ; 15(2): 97-112, mayo-ago. 2022. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1387208

ABSTRACT

Resumen El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Confianza Diádica (ECD, Larzelere & Huston, 1980) en personas gays y lesbianas de Chile. Para ello, se evaluó una muestra de 360 personas chilenas gay o lesbianas involucradas en una relación de pareja. Los datos obtenidos proporcionan evidencia de que el instrumento se ajusta de manera aceptable a una estructura unidimensional y que es invariante entre personas gay y lesbianas. Adicionalmente, se identificó que posee una consistencia interna adecuada, así como una asociación inversa entre los niveles de confianza diádica y la ansiedad y evitación del apego. En conclusión, la ECD posee propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para la evaluación de la confianza diádica en personas gays y lesbianas en el contexto chileno.


Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Chilean version of the Dyadic Trust Scale (DTS, Larzelere & Huston, 1980). For this purpose, a sample of 360 Chilean gay or lesbian people involved in a couple relationship was evaluated. The data obtained provide evidence that the instrument conforms acceptably to a unidimensional structure and scores are invariant between gay and lesbian persons. Additionally, it has adequate internal consistency, as well as an inverse association between levels of dyadic trust and attachment anxiety and avoidance. In conclusion, the ECD has adequate psychometric properties for the assessment of dyadic trust in gay and lesbian persons in the Chilean context.

6.
Salud ment ; 45(4): 169-176, Jul.-Aug. 2022. tab
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1410090

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction There are few reports on mental health among the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) population in the context of COVID-19, especially in South America. Objective To describe the prevalence of symptoms associated with mental health disorders, as well as to analyze the risk of their occurrence, in different groups of the Chilean LGBT population in the context of COVID-19. Method A total of 1,181 LGBT people, ranged from 18 to 64 years participated in an online survey, using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-DASS-21. The central tendency measures were analyzed, then cut-off points were used to establish prevalence according to sex and sexual orientation. Finally, the probability of symptoms was analyzed using odds ratio. Results Lower levels of mental health were identified among the bisexual and other sexual orientations (pansexual, demisexual, asexual, etc.) population as compared with gays and lesbians, finding a greater presence of depressive symptoms (p = .000), anxious (p = .000) and related to stress (p<.001). Similarly, bisexual women are more likely to present symptoms associated with mental health disorders than men, as lesbians do, as compared with gays in the case of anxiety. Gays are at a higher risk of stress than lesbians. Discussion and conclusion Even though the pandemic affected the entire population, results give evidence of disparities among the various LGBT communities, showing the need to focus on preventive interventions and the implications of increased risk in bisexual population, particularly women, who are affected by various cross discriminations.


Resumen Introducción Existen pocos reportes sobre la salud mental en poblaciones de lesbianas, gays, bisexuales y transexuales (LGBT) en el contexto del COVID-19, especialmente en Sudamérica. Objetivo Describir la prevalencia de síntomas asociados a problemas de salud mental, así como analizar su riesgo de ocurrencia en diferentes grupos de población LGBT chilena en el contexto de la pandemia del COVID-19. Método Participaron en una encuesta en línea un total de 1,181 personas LGBT, con edades comprendidas entre los 18 y los 64 años, quienes completaron el cuestionario DASS-21 (del inglés Depression Anxiety Stress Scales). Primero se analizaron las medidas de tendencia central, luego se estableció la prevalencia según sexo y orientación sexual y finalmente se analizó la probabilidad de presentar síntomas mediante el odss ratio. Resultados Se identificaron menores niveles de salud mental en la población bisexual y otras orientaciones sexuales (pansexual, demisexual, asexual, etc.), en comparación con gays y lesbianas, debido a una mayor presencia de sintomatología depresiva (p = .000), ansiosa (p = .000) y vinculada al estrés (p<.001). Asimismo, las mujeres bisexuales fueron más propensas que los hombres a presentar síntomas asociados a trastornos de salud mental, al igual que las lesbianas, en comparación con los gays en el caso de la ansiedad. Los gays tienen un mayor riesgo de estrés que las lesbianas. Discusión y conclusión Aun cuando la pandemia afectó a toda la población, los resultados evidencian las disparidades entre las distintas comunidades LGBT, mostrando la necesidad de centrarse en las intervenciones preventivas y las implicaciones de un mayor riesgo en la población bisexual, especialmente en las mujeres, que se ven afectadas por diversas discriminaciones cruzadas.

7.
Ter. psicol ; 39(2): 219-235, jul. 2021. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1390457

ABSTRACT

Resumen: La Escala de Intimidad Emocional (EIE) es un instrumento de auto-informe que evalúa la intimidad emocional en relaciones cercanas. El objetivo de esta investigación fue examinar las propiedades psicométricas de la EIE para su uso en personas heterosexuales, gais y lesbianas involucradas en una relación de pareja. La muestra incluyó 883 personas chilenas (404 hombres y 479 mujeres; 565 heterosexuales y 318 homosexuales), entre 18 y 72 años. Mediante un Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio, se replicó la estructura unidimensional de la escala logrando un buen nivel de ajuste a los datos, mientras que el análisis multigrupo reveló que la EIE-E (versión en español) es invariante según sexo y orientación sexual. Los índices de consistencia interna mediante el alfa de Cronbach y McDonald Omega fueron apropiados y se observó una asociación positiva entre la intimidad emocional y la satisfacción con la relación de pareja. Finalmente, se identificó que las mujeres lesbianas evidencian mayores niveles de intimidad que el resto de los grupos. Se concluye que la EIE-E es un instrumento apropiado para el estudio de la intimidad emocional en personas que se encuentran en una relación de pareja, sean estas hombres o mujeres heterosexuales, gais o lesbianas.


Abstract: The Emotional Intimacy Scale (EIE) is a self-report instrument that assesses emotional intimacy in close relationships. The aim of this research was to examine the psychometric properties of the EIE for its use in heterosexual, gay and lesbian people who are currently involved in a couple relationship. The sample consisted of 883 Chileans, (404 men and 479 women; 565 heterosexuals and 318 homosexual), between the ages of 18 and 72. Using a Confirmatory Factor Analysis, the one-dimensional structure of the scale was replicated, achieving a good fit to the data, while the multi-group analysis revealed that the EIE-E (Spanish version) is invariant according to sex and sexual orientation. The internal consistency indices using Cronbach's alpha and McDonald Omega were appropriate, and a positive association was observed between emotional intimacy and relationship satisfaction. Finally, results showed that lesbian women showed higher levels of intimacy relative to the other groups. It is concluded that the EIE-E is an appropriate instrument for the study of emotional intimacy in people who are in a couple relationship, be they heterosexual men or women, gays or lesbians.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Surveys and Questionnaires
8.
Interdisciplinaria ; 38(1): 217-234, ene. 2021.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1149390

ABSTRACT

Resumen El presente trabajo expone y fundamenta recomendaciones basadas en la experiencia de investigación en personas transgénero, con la intención de que puedan ser útiles a quienes realicen estudios con dicha población. Estas recomendaciones incluyen orientaciones conceptuales, metodológicas y éticas, aplicables a lo largo del proceso de investigación. En particular, las orientaciones cubren los siguientes temas: definir con precisión el colectivo con el que se trabaja, registrar la variedad de identificaciones de género posibles al interior del mismo, utilizar métodos de muestreo aptos para poblaciones de difícil acceso, retribuir la participación, incluir líderes e investigadores transgéneros como expertos, pilotar los instrumentos en la población que será investigada, optar por modalidades de recolección grupal de datos, ofrecer asistencia individualizada durante la recolección, utilizar un lenguaje no estigmatizante e inclusivo, convocar la participación en conjunto con organizaciones transgénero, atender a la movilidad geográfica de la población, realizar una escucha comprometida y contemplar protocolos de derivación, considerar las diferentes trayectorias de transición, realizar sesiones de interanálisis y, finalmente, difundir apropiadamente los hallazgos al interior de la población transgénero. Se discuten estas proposiciones en términos de sus efectos en las comunidades trans, su utilidad y alcances éticos, su articulación con exigencias generales de toda investigación y sus implicaciones para el activismo.


Abstract Prejudice and discrimination have important effects on the well-being and quality of life of trans people. Hence, investigating with said population implies, in addition to actions to obtain relevant and truthful information, having the necessary actions to attend to their needs and peculiarities. These are populations that are difficult to access (hard-to-reach), stigmatized, in which there is no defined sampling frame, that have physical and mental health indicators lower than those of any other group with which we have worked and that, therefore, it is necessary to take extreme the precautions not to reproduce types of relationships that may be harmful or offensive. The purpose of the present article was to systematize part of our field experience with transgender people, so that it can be useful for those who study with this population. These recommendations aim to provide some conceptual, methodological and ethical guidelines, useful throughout the research process. In particular, we made a series of recommendations that cover from the moment of taking conceptual decisions about the design of the study, through contact with the organizations, until the completion of the field work and subsequent stage of dissemination of results. In particular, a series of recommendations are made regarding: specifying the definition of the group with which one works, recording the variety of gender identifications as people present them, using to sampling methods for hard-to-reach populations or hidden populations, deliver a retribution for the participation (consider participants as experts to be compensated for their work), including activists as experts in every stage of the study (study design, field work, data analysis and dissemination of results), piloting the instruments in specific population, preferably opt for group applications modality and continue with a debriefing, have specific assistance for participants during the application (special needs derived from their age, educational level, reduced mobility, among others), use non-stigmatizing and inclusive language, call together with trans organizations (in order to establish greater trust in the population), attend to a mobility of the population (so as not to replicate the sample in different places), carry out a committed listening and contemplate referral protocols (if necessary given the type of situations described by the participants and their current degree of elaboration), consider different trajectories of transition, conduct inter-analysis sessions and disseminate appropriately within the transgender population. These propositions are discussed in terms of their effects on trans communities, their usefulness and ethical scope, their articulation with the general requirements of all research, and their implications for activism. On the other hand, these recommendations can serve as criteria for evaluating the ethical dimension of research projects with trans people. It may therefore be important to project reviewers, editors, and reviewers of manuscripts submitted for publication. The perspective that we assume in this work is aligned with those called "evidence-based activism", which implies articulating a variety of knowledge, scientifically accredited and of an "experiential" type, in order to explore situations in which the team members Research staff are part of networks that involve them personally in their study topics. It is precisely the relationship with groups that work for the rights of minorities, activists and members of these groups is essential, since they have knowledge acquired through their experience as part of discriminated groups and they can contribute to the mobilization of knowledge in the governance of health issues.

9.
Ter. psicol ; 38(3): 363-382, dic. 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1390444

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Investigaciones previas señalan que, personas con mayores dificultades de regulación emocional (DRE) presentan mayor sintomatología depresiva. Asimismo, factores como el sexo, presencia de hijos, iniciativa de la separación, estrés experimentado durante la separación y nivel socioeconómico, se relacionan con la presencia de sintomatología depresiva. Sin embargo, para quiénes el efecto de las DRE en la depresión es mayor en este contexto específico, requiere mayor exploración. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo estudiar el rol moderador de estos factores en la relación entre DRE y depresión, en una muestra de 518 personas chilenas divorciadas y separadas. Los resultados permiten concluir que el efecto de las DRE sobre los niveles de depresión, está moderado por el nivel de estrés experimentado por la ruptura y por quién tomó la iniciativa de la separación. Se discuten las implicancias clínicas de estos resultados, así como líneas de investigación futuras.


Abstract: Previous research indicates that people with greater difficulties in emotion regulation (DRE) have, in turn, higher rates of depressive symptomatology. Likewise, factors such as sex, the presence of children, the initiative of separation, the stress experienced during separation and the socioeconomic level, are related to the presence of depressive symptomatology. However, in whom or for whom, the effect of DRE on depression is greater in this specific context, it requires further exploration. The present study aims to study the moderating role of these factors in the relationship between DRE and depression in a sample of 518 divorced and separated Chilean people. The results obtained allow us to conclude that the effect of emotional dysregulation on depression levels is moderated by the level of stress experienced by the rupture and by who took the initiative of separation. Clinical implications of these results are discussed, as well as future lines of research.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Cross-Sectional Studies
10.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 148(8)ago. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389291

ABSTRACT

Background: Transgender population is at a higher risk of suffering mental health problems than cisgender population (people whose sex and gender identity are in agreement) and other sexual minorities (gays, lesbians, and bisexuals), partly due to the greater stress that they suffer or for being victims of sexual prejudice. Aim: To describe positive and negative mental health indicators in a sample of transgender people living in Chile. Material and Methods: An intentional sample of 377 transgender individuals older than 18 years, living in the country's northern, center and southern zones were studied. Sociodemographic and well-being features, negative emotional symptoms, suicidal behavior, and substance consumption were assessed. Results: A precarious mental health was confirmed among participants. A high frequency of depression, ideation and suicide attempts, and high levels of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms were identified. Also, a high frequency of substance abuse was found. These mental health indicators varied according to the sex assigned at birth and gender self-identification. Conclusions: Transgender people experience precariousness and vulnerability in their mental health.


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Mental Health , Suicidal Ideation , Transgender Persons , Chile , Transgender Persons/psychology , Gender Identity
11.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 148(5): 644-652, mayo 2020. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1139348

ABSTRACT

Background: There are no reference values for the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS-E) for the Chilean population. Aim: To elaborate reference values for the interpretation of the DERS-E for the Chilean population. Material and Methods: The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale was answered by participants from the general population (1,153 heterosexual men and women and 467 gay and lesbian individuals) and a group of 351 participants with emotional complaints. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to obtain the reference values. A concordance index was determined, and the odds ratio was calculated to evaluate the probability of having mental health problems comparing participants with emotional complaints with those from the general population. Results: The DERS-E cut-off score was 73 points for the Chilean population. No differences were detected for emotional regulation difficulties between men and women or by sexual orientation. Age had a weak association with emotional regulation difficulties. Conclusions: DERS-E has an adequate diagnostic capacity, allowing to differentiate between those who have high or low emotional regulation difficulties.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Surveys and Questionnaires , Emotional Regulation , Reference Values , Chile
12.
Psicol. reflex. crit ; 33: 09, 2020. tab
Article in English | LILACS, INDEXPSI | ID: biblio-1135896

ABSTRACT

Abstract The Experiences in Close Relationships (Brennan et al, Attachment theory and close relationships, 1998) questionnaire is one of the most widely used measures of adult romantic attachment. Despite the advantages of the ECR, the length of this measure may discourage its use in clinical and research contexts. Consequently, the goal of this study was to develop a brief Spanish version of the ECR questionnaire and to examine its psychometric properties when administered to six different Spanish-speaking samples from Chile. Confirmatory factor analyses replicated the twodimensional structure of the ECR and its invariance across gender. Results also supported the reliability and concurrent validity of our brief Spanish version of the ECR (i.e., Spanish ECR-12), by its association with measures of emotion regulation, dyadic empathy, psychological distress and well-being, and relationship satisfaction. The Spanish ECR-12 can be used by researchers and clinical professionals as an abridged measure of adult attachment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Psychometrics , Surveys and Questionnaires , Reproducibility of Results , Interpersonal Relations , Object Attachment , Chile
13.
Ter. psicol ; 37(3): 181-197, dic. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1059117

ABSTRACT

Resumen El Modelo de Estrés de las Minorías (Meyer, 2003) ha permitido explicar de qué forma el prejuicio sexual produce efectos negativos en la salud y bienestar de personas pertenecientes a las minorías sexuales, a través de la identificación de estresores de tipo distales y proximales. Este estudio buscó indagar los efectos del prejuicio sexual en la salud mental de personas transgénero en Chile desde un enfoque cualitativo. Se realizaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas a 17 personas transgénero femeninas y masculinas en cuatro ciudades del país. Los resultados nos permite identificar la presencia de factores distales asociados a discriminación manifiesta y factores proximales asociados a la vivencia del estigma y su relación con el autoconcepto. Finalmente, se describen efectos en la salud mental, entre los que destacan la presencia de sintomatología ansioso-depresiva, ideación e intentos suicidas, conductas autolesivas y consumo de alcohol y otras sustancias.


Abstract The Minority Stress Model (Meyer, 2003) has made it possible to explain how sexual prejudice produces negative effects on the health and wellbeing of people belonging to sexual minorities, through distal and proximal stressors. A qualitative study was conducted to investigate the effects of sexual prejudice on the mental health of transgender adults in Chile. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 transgender people, both male and female, in four cities of the country. The results allow us to identify the presence of distal factors associated with overt discrimination, as well as, proximal factors associated with the experience of stigma and its effects on self-concept. Finally, effects on mental health are described, among which the presence of anxious-depressive symptomatology, suicidal ideation and attempts, self-injurious behavior and consumption of alcohol and other substances.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Prejudice , Self Concept , Mental Health , Sexism , Transgender Persons , Sexual and Gender Minorities , Chile , Qualitative Research
14.
Ter. psicol ; 36(2): 113-122, ago. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-979395

ABSTRACT

Resumen La ausencia de instrumentos adaptados para la medición del ajuste al divorcio y la separación en Chile representa una barrera para el desarrollo de estudios e intervenciones que aborden el tema del divorcio en este contexto particular. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la validez y fiabilidad de las puntuaciones del Test de Adaptación Psicológica a la Separación (PAST), cuestionario de autoinforme dividido en dos partes independientes que evalúan por un lado el apego a la pareja y la soledad negativa (PAST-A) y, por otro, la coparentalidad negativa (PAST-B). Para ello, se evaluaron dos muestras independientes de personas separadas y divorciadas chilenas (N = 141; N = 594). De los resultados obtenidos, se puede concluir que el PAST posee propiedades psicométricas adecuadas en términos de su fiabilidad y validez. Se discuten las implicancias clínicas de estos hallazgos.


Abstract The lack of instruments adapted to the Chilean context to measure the adjustment to divorce and separation represents an important constraint to the development of a line of research and intervention focused on the topic of divorce in this particular context. The objective of this study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Psychological Adjustment to Separation Test (PAST) Chilean version, which is divided into two parts that evaluate former partner attachment and lonely negativity (PAST-A) and coparenting conflict (PAST-B). To that end, two independent samples of separated individuals (N = 141; N = 594) were evaluated. From the results obtained, we concluded that the PAST has adequate psychometric properties for its use into the Chilean context. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Adaptation, Psychological , Divorce/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Personal Satisfaction , Psychometrics , Chile , Reproducibility of Results , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Self Report , Emotional Adjustment
15.
Univ. psychol ; 17(1): 149-160, ene.-mar. 2018. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-979481

ABSTRACT

Resumen La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo, adaptar y validar en adolescentes chilenos, el cuestionario de barreras para la búsqueda de ayuda para problemas de salud mental, versión breve (BASH-B). Este cuestionario mide las barreras o razones percibidas por los adolescentes para no buscar ayuda profesional cuando presentan algún problema psicológico. Los participantes fueron 387 adolescentes de entre 14 y 19 años (M = 15.71 años), escolarizados en establecimientos de enseñanza media de la comuna de Talca (Chile). Se analizaron las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento. El análisis confirmatorio corroboró la estructura factorial unidimensional. Además, los índices de confiabilidad fueron adecuados. La escala presentó asociación significativa con las variables depresión y autoeficacia en las direcciones esperadas. En base a estos resultados, es posible decir que el BASH-B es un instrumento que posee propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para medir las barreras de la búsqueda de ayuda en el ámbito de la salud mental en adolescentes.


Abstract This research has a goal to adapt and validate for Chilean teenagers the Barriers to Adolescents Seeking Help Scale, brief version (BASH-B). This questionnaire measures the perceived barriers and reasons for teenagers not looking for professional help when they presents some psychological problem. There were 387 teenagers participants between 14 and 19 years olds (M = 15.71 years), attending high schools in Talca regional area. The psychometric properties of the instrument were analyzed. A confirmatory factor analysis corroborated the one-dimensional structure. The reliability indexes as appropriate. In addition, the scale presented significant association with the variables depression and self-efficacy in the hipothesized directions. Based on these results is possible to confirm that the BASH-B a appropriate psychometric properties to measure the barriers to help seeking for Mental health Problems in teenagers.


Subject(s)
Mental Health , Adolescent , Help-Seeking Behavior
16.
Rev. chil. pediatr ; 88(3): 324-331, jun. 2017. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-899983

ABSTRACT

La conducta de búsqueda de ayuda en los jóvenes es un factor protector, fundamental para su salud mental, bienestar y desarrollo. Sin embargo, un número de ellos no busca ayuda profesional, a pesar de necesitarla. En este contexto, es relevante estudiar la conducta de búsqueda de ayuda para problemas de salud mental en población adolescente. Objetivo: Adaptar y validar en adolescentes chilenos el cuestionario general de búsqueda de ayuda para temas de salud mental. Sujetos y Método: Estudio transversal y correlacional de una muestra no probabilística de 793 adolescentes estudiantes, entre 14 y 19 años, de la ciudad de Talca (Chile). En ellos se aplicó un Cuestionario General de Búsqueda de Ayuda versión viñeta (GHSQ-V) previa adaptación transcultural y validación de criterio. Para el análisis se utilizó estadística descriptiva, prueba no paramétrica de Mann-Whitney y análisis factorial exploratorio. Resultados: Un análisis exploratorio, identificó 2 factores respecto a las fuentes de ayuda disponibles: 1° fuentes informales, 2° fuentes formales. Se calculó la confiabilidad separadamente para cada uno de los problemas de salud, obteniéndose valores alfa que oscilaron entre 0,87 y 0,75. Además, la escala presentó asociación significativa con las variables auto eficacia y depresión en las direcciones hipotetizadas. Por último, se identificaron diferencias significativas en la disposición a buscar ayuda según el nivel de alfabetización en temas de salud mental de los adolescentes, para todos los temas de salud mental presentados, excepto el suicidio. Conclusión: El GHSQ-V adaptado en población adolescente y juvenil chilena es un instrumento que posee adecuadas propiedades psicométricas para medir la disposición a buscar ayuda para temas de salud mental en nuestro medio sociocultural.


Help-seeking behavior is a protective factor in young people, essential for their mental health, well-being and development. However, some adolescents do not seek professional help when they need to. In this context, it is relevant to study the help-seeking behavior for mental health problems in adolescent population. Objective: To adapt and validate the general help-seeking questionnaire for mental health problems in Chilean adolescents. Subjects and Method: Cross-sectional and correlational study of a non-random sample of 793 adolescent students, between 14 and 19 years old, from the city of Talca (Chile). The general help-seeking questionnaire, vignette version, (GHSQ-V) was administered after a transcultural adaptation and criterion validation. Descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis and non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test were used for analysis. Results: An exploratory analysis identified two factors regarding available sources of help: 1) informal sources; 2) formal sources. Reliability was calculated separately for each of the health problems, resulting alpha values ranging from 0.87 to 0.75. In addition, the scale showed significant association with the variables self-efficacy and depression in the hypothesized directions. Finally, significant differences were identified in the willingness to seek help by adolescent’s level of mental health literacy, for all mental health issues presented, except suicide. Conclusion: The adaptation of the GHSQ-V for Chilean adolescent and youth population is a valid and reliable instrument to measure willingness to seek help for mental health problems in our socio-cultural environment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Patient Acceptance of Health Care/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Mental Disorders/psychology , Cross-Sectional Studies , Reproducibility of Results , Factor Analysis, Statistical
17.
Ter. psicol ; 32(1): 19-29, abr. 2014. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-706562

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de esta investigación fue examinar la confiabilidad y validez de la versión adaptada al español de la Escala de Dificultades de Regulación Emocional (DERS-E), en población chilena. Este es un instrumento de auto-reporte que evalúa las dificultades en el proceso de regulación emocional en adultos. El estudio se realizó a partir de dos muestras: la primera compuesta por 1018 estudiantes universitarios y la segunda por 1161 adultos de población general. Los participantes completaron el DERS-E y una medida de ajuste socioemocional a través del Outcome Questionnaire OQ-45.2. Los índices de confiabilidad fueron adecuados en ambas muestras y la estructura factorial congruente con la versión adaptada al español. Además, hubo diferencias en las dificultades de regulación emocional en función del ajuste socioemocional. Los resultados confirmaron que el DERS-E es un instrumento confiable y válido en la evaluación de las dificultades de regulación emocional en adultos.


This study sought to examine the validity and reliability of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale Spanish version (DERS-S) in chilean population. This is a self-report instrument that measures difficulties in emotion regulation in adults. Two samples were evaluated: one composed of 1018 university students and the second one composed of 1161 participants from general population. Individuals completed the DERSE and Outcome Questionnaire OQ-45.2. Reliability indices were adequate in both samples and the factor structure consistent with the spanish version adaptation. In addition, there were differences in emotional regulation difficulties according to socio-emotional adjustment. The results confirmed that the psychometric properties of the DERS-E make it a reliable and valid instrument to assess difficulties in emotion regulation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Young Adult , Surveys and Questionnaires , Emotions , Affective Symptoms/diagnosis , Psychometrics , Reproducibility of Results
18.
Univ. psychol ; 8(2): 413-422, mayo.-ago. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-572158

ABSTRACT

Diversos estudios indican que el apego en el adulto, a pesar de ser un aspecto de la persona que se forja en la temprana infancia, es factible de modificaciones a lo largo de la vida, sobre todo en situaciones de cambio, como lo es la experiencia de padecer una enfermedad crónica. El presente estudio pretende describir los patrones de apego de un grupo de pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica terminal (IRCT). Se estudió a un grupo de 22 pacientes con IRCT que requieren diálisis, comparándolo con un grupo de 22 adultos, correspondientes a muestra no-clínica (sin la enfermedad), igualando a los participantes en relación a sexo y edad. Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas en los patrones de apego de ambos grupos. Las personas clínicamente sanas tienden a mostrar, predominantemente, un patrón de apego seguro, mientras que los pacientes dializados tienden a presentar un patrón de apego preocupado.


Several studies indicate that attachment in adults is feasible with modifications throughout life, especially in situations of change, as is the experience of chronic disease. This study aims to describe the attachment patterns of a group of patients with end-stage renal disease. We studied a group of 22 patients with this disease requiring dialysis, compared with a group of 22 adults for non-clinical sample (without disease), matching the participants according to sex and age. The results showed differences significant patterns of attachment in both groups. Clinically healthy individuals tend to have predominantly a secure attachment pattern, while those patients on dialysis tend to have a preoccupied attachment pattern.


Subject(s)
Adult , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/psychology
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