Comparing the simple and choice reaction times by male and female athletes

Background and Purpose: Reaction time [RT] is one of the most important decision-making elements and represents the speed of information processing [IP] that can affect sport skills, but its variation across visual and auditory reaction times among men and women athletes is unclear. The present study was designed to compare the visual and auditory simple reaction time [SRT] and choice reaction time [CRT] among male and female athletes

Methods and Materials: This descriptive study involved 100 right-handed subjects [50 male and 50 female] with aboveaverage 10, from among the students of Physical Education at Tehran University, Iran. Their age ranged from 18 to 25 years. The data were collected by the use of manual RT tool. The analysis of data was done by F test in SPSS 16 [p<0.05]

Results: The results showed that visual SRT was 0.233+/-0.154 vs. 0.229 +/- 0.172 respectively among female and male participants [P=0.161], auditory SRT was 0.234 +/- 0.180 vs. 0.233 +/- 0.196 respectively [p=0/837] and visual CRT was 0.440 +/- 0.171 vs. 0.481 +/- 0.115 respectively [P=0./409]; no significant difference were found between male and female participants in this regard. The only differences was related to auditory CRT which tended to be significantly faster in boys than girls [0.481 +/- 0.115 vs. 0.484 +/- 0.141] [P=0.000]

Conclusion: Based on the findings, only auditory CRT was affected by gender

effects of silybum marianum [L.] gaertn. seed extract on glycemic control in type II diabetic patient's candidate for insulin therapy visiting endocrinology clinic in baqiyatallah hospital in the years of 2006

Diabetes mellitus type II is a chronic disease that is defined as insulin resistance situation and results in hyperglycemia and even some metabolic complications. Most of the uncontrolled type II diabetic patients preferred to continue oral therapy or alternative therapy such as herbal medicine instead of insulin therapy. We conducted this study to assess the effects of Silybum marrianum L. seed extract [silymarin] an herbal medicine on glycemic control in type II diabetes mellitus in patients who are intended to be under insulin therapy. A 2-month randomized clinical trial study was conducted in two-well-matched groups of type II diabetes patients candidate for insulin therapy. One group [n=30] received 200 mg silymarin tablet three times per day plus standard therapy, while the control group [n=30] received placebo plus standard therapy. The patients were visited monthly and glycosylated hemoglobin [HbAic], fasting blood glucose [FBS], blood sugar 2 hour post prandial [BS 2hpp], total cholesterol, LDL and HDL, triglyceride, creatinine, SGOT and SGPT levels were determined at the beginning and the end of the study after two months. There was significant decrease in HbAiC levels from 9.81 to 8.25 at the end of the study in silymarin treated group but it was increased from 9.83 to 10.21 in placebo treated group. In silymarin treated group the fasting blood glucose 196 mg/dl blood sugar 2 hour post prandial 268 mg/dl, total cholesterol 211mg/dl, and LDL cholesterol 129 mg/dl was decreased significantly to 160 mg/dl, 218 mg/dl, 193 mg/dl and 107mg/dl respectively. In placebo treated groups there was no significant change in any blood parameters after 2-months as compare to beginning of the study. Statistical analysis indicate that the decrease in HbAlC, fasting blood glucose and blood sugar 2 hour post prandial levels after two months was significantly decrease in silymarin treated group as compare to placebo treated group. Treatment of silymarin 600 mg in 3 divided doses showed positive glycemic control as well as hypolipidemic effect in type II diabetic patients need to be under insulin therapy

[ study of volatile oil of foeniculum vulgare miller. in their tissue culure and comparison with the whole plant]

Foeniculum vulgare Miller. is a traditional herbal medicine used widely in world. This paper focuses on the analysis of the chemical composition of essential oil from the whole plant and calli of Foeniculum vulgare Miller.. Growing the calli of Foeniculum vulgare Miller. and production its secondary metabolites studied and compared with those in the whole plant. Seeds were immersed in water for 5 min, surface-sterilized in 70% aqueous ethanol for 2 min and rinsed three laid on autoclaved agar [0.8%] and after 10 days the upper parts of the resultant seedlings were transferred to autoclaved MS [Murashige and Skoog] basal medium which were containing 2,4- D [1 mg/I], IAA [1 mg/I] and K [0.2 mg/I] as plant grow regulators. The callus were produced and subcultvred every 20-22 days. Callus volatile constituents were consisted of monoterpene hydrocarbons [14.13%] and oxygenated monoterpenes [34.83%] the typical components were [E, E] 2,4- Decadienal [22.64%] and 1,8 cineole [17.35%]. In the whole plant 37 major compounds were detected in the oild totally 91.37 to 96.93% of the essences were consisted of these compoundes. E Anethole, Estragole and D-[+]- Fenchone were the most frequent compounds