Role of astaxanthin in improving the physiological and teratolgical changes of aspartame in the pregnant albino rats and their fetuses

Aim of the work: the present work was done to investigate the role of astaxanthin in ameliorating the physiological and teratological effects of aspartame on the pregnant rats and their fetuses

Materials and methods: in this study 70 virgin mature female albino rats [Wistar wistar] were used and 35 males [for mating]; pregnancy was ascertained by vaginal smearing. The pregnant rats were injected on days7, 9, 11 and 13 of gestation [organogenesis period]. The animals were divided into the following groups: animals of the first group which were intraperitoneally injected with 0.5ml saline [solvent of aspartame]; animals of the second were intraperitoneally injected with 0.5 ml olive oil [solvent of astaxanthin]. The third group was divided into 2 subgroups, the pregnant rats of the first subgroup were intraperitoneally injected with aspartame [20mg./kg. body weight], the pregnant rats of the second subgroup were intraperitoneally injected with aspartame [40 mg./kg. body weight]. Pregnant rats of the 4th group were intraperitoneally injected with astaxanthin [50mg./kg. body weight] 2 hours after aspartame injection by its 2 doses

Results: aspartame at the dose of 40 mg./kg.body weight induced pre- term [early delivery]; however the 2 doses of aspartame resulted in very highly significant decrease in the mean maternal body weight, unequal horns of the uteri and unequal distribution of the fetuses between them, abnormal amount of fats surrounding the 2 horns of the uterus, regions of hemorrhage were present on the external membrane of the uteri,very highly significant uterine weight decrease, cases of abortion were noticed as well as highly significant increased resorption of the fetuses. Intraperitoneal injection with aspartame at the 2 doses resulted in fetal mortality, very highly significant fetal body weight and length decrease with a significant decrease in fetal tail length. Moreover, aspartame induced fetal morphological changes such as body diminution, exencephaly, cognition of the blood vessels in the head region and cleft lips. The skin seemed thin and fragile in the head region as well as the fore and hind regions; hematoma was obvious beside edema, clubbed fore and hind limbs, kyphosis was obvious beside hernias on some regions of the skin with hypertrophy of some fetuses and protrusion of the viscera outside the body. Aspartame exposure at the 2 doses induced highly significant increase in mean of maternal serum AST activity, very highly significant increase in mean serum GGT and serum creatinine activity

Conclusion-Treatment with astaxanthin induced obvious improvement in all of the physiological and morphological changes caused by aspartame in the pregnant rats and their fetuses

[ role of bee venom in controlling albino rats fetal morphometric and morphological changes by carbimazole induced hypothyroidism]

Aim of the work: The present study was planned to investigate the role played by Bee venom in improving the morphometric and morphological changes induced by carbimazole in pregnant albino rats and their embryos

Materials and method: A total number of 60 mature virgin female and 30 male Wistar wistar albino rats [for fertilization] were used in this study.Pregnancy was ascertained by vaginal smears. The experimental animals were divided into the following groups: I- [Normal group]: in this group the pregnant rats were injected intraperitonealy by distilled water [The solvent of both carbimazole and bee venom] by dose 1ml/200g.body weight, from day 1 to day 18 of gestation. II-The group of treated animals: this group was divided into 3 subgroups: 1-The carbimazole group: this group was divided into2 subgroups, the pregnant rats were orally injected at a dose 2 and 3 mg /200 g.body weight, daily from day 1 to day 18 of gestation. 2-The Bee venom group: the pregnant rats were intraperitonealy injected with a dose 0.6 mg/200g. body weight on days 2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,15 and 16 of gestation. 3-The treatment group: the pregnant rats were intraperitonealy injected with Bee venom at a dose 0.6 mg/200g. Body weight 1 hour after the intraperitonealy injection by the 2 doses of carbimazole [2 and 3mg /200g. body weight].The days of injection for both treatments [Bee venom and carbimazole] were as mentioned before

Results. The results of the present study showed that carbimazole treatment with its 2 doses induced highly significant increase in the body weights of pregnant rats, highly significant reduction of the uterus weight with shortness of the horns as well as unequal distribution of the embryos between them, increased number of the resorbed fetuses when comparing with the control group, Bee venom injection revealed improvement of these changes .The orally injection of the 2 doses of carbimazole resulted in very highly decrease in fetuses body weights and lengths; however Bee venom induced obvious improvement as compared with the carbimazole effects. Orally injection of carbimazole at the dose 3mg /200g body weight showed increased fetal mortality rate as compared with the control group; however, intraperitonealy injection of Bee venom resulted in improvement in the rate of live fetuses and never of dead ones was observed after Bee venom treatment. The 2 doses of carbimazole induced lots of malformations of embryos such as variations in the size of embryos of the same mother, the embryos exhibited fragile skin, sub dermal blood coagulation beside edema in different regions of the fetal body ,as well as malformations of the regions of the eye resembled in exophthalmos and rostrum region such as cleft lips, beside clubbed fore and hind limbs , kyphosis of the body of the embryos, exencephaly.Bee venom treatment resulted in control of the changes induced by carbimazole injection. The fetuses were resembled to those of the control group

Conclusion: It is clear that bee venom plays an important role in controlling the morphometric and morphological changesin fetuses of albino rats suffering from hypothyroidism induced by carbimazole

[ role of bee venom in ameliorating the physiological changes of carbimazole induced hypothyroidism in pregnant rats]

The present work was planned to investigate the role played by Bee Venom in improving the changes induced by carbimazole in pregnant albino rats and their embryos. A total number of 60 mature virgin female and 30 male Wistar wistar albino rats [for fertilization]. Pregnancy was ascertained by vaginal smears. The experimental animals were divided into 2 main groups: I- The experimental control group [normal group]: In this group the pregnant rats were injected intraperitonealy by distilled water [the solvent of both carbimazole and bee venom] by dose 1ml/200g.body weight, from day 1 to day 18 of gestation. II-The group of treated animals: this group was divided into 3 subgroups: 1-The carbimazole group: this group was divided into2 subgroups the pregnant rats were orally injected at a dose 2 and 3mg /200g.body weight, daily from day 1 to day 18 of gestation. 2-The Bee Venom group: The pregnant rats were intraperitonealy injected with a dose 0.6 mg/200g. body weight at days 2,3,4,7,8,9,10,11,12,15 and 16 of gestation. 3-The treatment group: The pregnant rats were intraperitonealy injected with Bee Venom at a dose 0.6 mg/200g. body weight 1 hour after the intraperitonealy injection by the 2 doses of carbimazole [2 and 3mg /200g. body weight].The days of injection for both treatments [Bee Venom and carbimazole] were as mentioned before. Carbimazole injection at the 2 doses revealed highly significant and very highly significant decrease of total serum proteins, serum albumin, serum T3and T4, however carbimazole injection induced very highly increase in serum globulin, serum AST and ALT. Bee Venom treatment showed improvement in all the above mentioned parameters

role of pectin in controlling the changes induced by mercuric chloride in albino rats fetuses

The present work was planned to investigate the role of Pectin in ameliorating the morphometric, morphological and skeletal changes induced by mercury in albino rat's fetuses. 50 Wistar wistar virgin female rats were used in the present study and 25 males for mating. The results of the present work showed that the exposure of the pregnant rats to mercury chloride at a dose 5mg/kg body weight lead to significant decrease in fetal body weights as well as body and tail lengths. Also, mercury chloride administration of the pregnant rats resulted in some changes in experimental morphology of the fetuses. In addition, the fetal skeletal system was affected as follows; increase of the number of non ossified bones in the axial and peripheral systems. Pectin treatment of the pregnant rats improved the fetuses' morphometric, morphological and skeletal changes

role of Coenzyme Ubquinone CoQ10 in modulating the changes induced by the antidepressant Venlafaxine in albino rats fetuses

The present study was done to investigate the role played by CoQ10 in the control of the morphological and histological changes induced in the fetuses of rats injected by the antidepressant Venlafaxine. 70 pregnant Wister wister rats were injected Intraperitonealy during the organogenesis period with the antidepressant Venlafaxine [0.25mg /100g.body weight] on day 7of gestation.Mean number of alive embryos,weight and length of them were recorded with the noticeable malformations beside maternal weights.The protective role of CoQ10 [0.6 mg. /100g. body weight] was also detected. Venlafaxine injection induced a very highly significant decrease in the mean maternal and fetal body weights, the two horns of the uteri appeared unequal as well as the fetuses were unequally distributed between them, beside the appearance of a lot of resorbed bodies into them, also fat sacs were clear, a case of ectopic pregnancy was obvious, as well as very highly significant decrease in the mean number of alive fetuses was noticed, fetal growth retardation beside lots of rat fetal malformations were observed such as subcutaneous blood bleeding, cleft lips and anomalies of the fore and hind limbs as well as kyphosis of the body. Intraperitonealy injection of Venlafaxine by the fractionated dose [0.75mg. / 100g body weight] on days 7, 10 and 13 of gestation 0.25mg. /100g each resulted in the death of all the pregnant rats. CoQ10 [0.6 mg. /100g. body weight] orally injected to the pregnant rats before Venlafaxine treatment at the two doses [0.25 and 0.75mg./100g.body weight] improved the above morphometric and morphological as well as the skeletal system changes. CoQ10 [0.6 mg. /100g. body weight] orally injected to the pregnant rats treated with Venlafaxine showed protective effect against the dangerous changes induced by this antidepressant