[Comparing perception and expression of tense morpheme of verb in Persian language children and bilingual with specific language impairment]

The goal of this study was to search verb morphology in bilingual with specific language impairment and comparing them with normal bilingual and Persian children with special language disorder because we want to find their ability in this skills in bilingual children with specific language impairment and evaluating Low Capacity Processing [LCP] theory. Six bilingual [Azeri- Persian] children with specific language impairment and 6 Persian were selected from clinics of Tehran. They were 7-8 years old. Children with specific language impairment were evaluated about Perception and Expression tense morpheme of verbs and then they were compared with 6 age-matched children as control groups. Children with specific language impairment are diagnosed as exhibiting a significant delay [more than one year] in language that can not be explained by intelligence deficits, hearing loss or visual impairment. In this research we used narrative speech and specific language impairmentest and we used Man Whitneyest for comparing these groups. Bilingual children with specific language impairment [SLI] have delay in comparison with their age- matched group in tense morphemes [p=0.020, p=0.019]. They also have delay in tense of verbs [past, present, future] in comparison with Persian language children with special language impairment but it was not meaningful [p= 0.057]. Comparison between typical development of bilingual children and bilinguals with SLI shows that verb morphology is a good clinical marker for diagnosing and treatment of these children. Comparison between Persian language children with SLI and bilinguals with SLI shows that there is no evidence for LCP theory

[Ptosis surgery in patients with weak levator function using orbicularis oculi and frontalis muscles]

To evaluate the outcomes of ptosis surgery in patients with weak levator function using orbicularis oculi and frontalis muscles. This prospective interventional case series study was conducted over 3 years on patients with ptosis and weak levator function [less than 4mm]. In all cases, orbicularis oculi and frontalis muscles were used directly to correct the ptosis. Success was defined as upper lid margin to central corneal reflex distance [MRD1] equal or higher than 3 mm in bilateral cases and less than 1 mm difference between the two eyes in unilateral types. The study included 26 eyes of 22 patients with mean age of 15.4 +/- 9.4 years; 12 patients [54.5%] had a history of previous unsuccessful ptosis surgery. Mean follow up was 13.5 +/- 8.4 months. The most common cause of ptosis was congenital which was present in 15 patients [68.2%]. The operation was successful in 19 patients [86.4%]. Age and history of previous surgery was not correlated with success rate but the amount of levator function was directly correlated with success [P=0.02]. Direct use of orbicularis and frontalis muscles to correct ptosis in patients with weak levator function can be a good substitute for other methods of surgery

[Efficacy of face to face and internet-applied methods of cognitive-behavioral group counseling based on Ellis's theory in increasing marital satisfaction]

This study was aimed to compare the efficacy of face to face and internet-applied methods of Cognitive-Behavioral Group Counseling [CBGC] based on Ellis's theory in increasing marital satisfaction. In a controlled experimental pre-post test study, a total number of 36 couples with low marital satisfaction referred to a university counseling center were randomly selected. They were then randomly assigned to one control and two experimental groups. The two different methods of CBGC were applied for the two experimental groups. Data was analyzed using the one-way Analysis Of Variance [ANOVA] and the post-hoc Sheffeh's test through the SPSS-12 software. A significant higher increase was seen in marital satisfaction in both intervention groups compared with the control one [P < 0.05]. Face to face group counseling was more effective than internet-applied method in improving some components of marital satisfaction such as financial management, leisure time management and personality issues [P < 0.05]. For solving marital problems, internet-applied group counseling can be regarded as a good substitute for the face to face method in special conditions

[ effectiveness of multidimentional psychological treatment in enhancing the adherence to medical treatment in adolescents with type 1 diabetes]

A chronic illness, such as diabetes mellitus, creates changes in the life style and requires constant adjustment. The onset of a chronic illness can be a stressful event in any life stage including adolescence. The interaction between the illness related problems and the psychosocial changes associated with normal adolescence makes it difficult for the patient to cope with the chronic illness in a constructive way. Poor adherence to medical treatment and poor drug compliance are common concerns of the families and physicians dealing with diabetic adolescents. It is of an urgent importance to study effective, culturally appropriated interventions which focus on the high-risk diabetic adolescents with severe adherence difficulties and/or chronically poor metabolic control. This was a randomized controlled trial [Experimental design]. The sample consisted of sixty randomly selected male and female diabetic adolescents living in Esfahan, with an age range between 12 to 18 years old. They were randomly assigned to four groups with different subjects of training including: personal self-efficacy, communication skills, both subjects and no training [control group]. The scale of self-efficacy in diabetes and Family Assessment Device [FAD] were then administered to all participants. Treatment adherene was also evaluated using laboratory tests for Hemoglobin A1C [HbA1c] index. Data were analysed using the one-way Analysis of the Variance [one-way ANOVA]. Significant difference was found between the groups regardind the scores of self-efficacy [F=3.725, P=0.017], FAD [F=4.151, P=0.01] and communication [F=8.302, P=0.000], as well as HbA1c results [F=3.088, P=0.035]. For preventing the short and the long term side effects of the diabetes mellitus, patients' treatment adherence should be improved. Psychological interventions for enhancing self-efficacy and improving communication skills can be effective in this respect