Normal value of BMD [bone mineral density] in Pakistani student nurses and its relation with age and other factors

The aim of this study was to evaluate the BMD in younger age group. It was a cross-sectional observational study done in January 2003. 223 subjects were taken [all females] of age group 16-25 years. Heel Ultrasound procedure was done on all these subjects using a "Clinical Bone Sonometer" and their T-score was plotted against age. The results of the study showed that young female nurses gain bone minerals with increasing age in this group

Doppler changes of uterine arteries and fetal umbilical arteries blood flow in cases of late third trimester oligohydramnios

Sixty pregnant women were included in this study and classified into two groups: Group A [control group] included 30 pregnant women in the third trimester with normal amniotic fluid index [AFI] and group B [study group] included 30 pregnant women in the third trimester complicated by oligohydramnios [AFI less than fifth percentile correspond to gestational age]. Color Doppler ultrasound was done for the evaluation of blood flow velocity wave form [Vm] of maternal uterine arteries and fetal umbilical arteries. The outcome of pregnancy was reported. AFI and post date pregnancy were statistically significantly higher in the control group than in the study group. The mean blood flow velocity [Vm] was significantly lower in the study group than in the control group; whereas, the mean systolic/diastolic ratio S/D and the mean resistance index [RI] were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group

Evaluation of doppler indices of maternal uterine artery in cases with early idiopathic recurrent abortion

This study was performed on 120 pregnant women at early pregnancy. They were divided into two groups: The control group [I] included 30 normal pregnant women with no history of abortion and the study group [II] included 90 pregnant women with history of two or more unexplained abortion who were further subdivided randomly into three subgroups. All patients in the subgroups were given folic acid and low-dose aspirin; they were given alone to patients in group IIa, patients in group IIb received also nitroglycerine 5 TTS skin patches [5 mg each] and patients in group IIc were given 1.2 MIU of long- acting penicillin every two weeks. Doppler study of the uterine artery blood flow was performed at the time of vaginal ultrasound examination at different intervals of gestational age for all patients in all groups. A follow up of pregnancy was done every 2 weeks till 20 weeks [age of viability] or abortion occurred. The study concluded that uterine artery Doppler indices [resistivity index, RI, and pulsatility index, PI] significantly decreased with the increasing gestational age. Treatment with folic acid, pediatric aspirin, nitroglycerine patches and long-acting penicillin resulted in Doppler indices close to the control group results and in a better pregnancy outcome

Effect of hysterectomy on ovarian blood supply and function

The objective of this study was to determine whether hysterectomy has an effect on ovarian blood supply and functions or not and to make a decision to preserve or remove apparently normal ovaries in premenopausal women. Fifty premenopausal women, where ovarian blood supply and function were assessed before and after hysterectomy, were included in this study. Transvaginal color Doppler resistance index values of ovarian artery and hormonal levels [E2, FSH and LH] were measured. At the end of the 6th postoperative month, all these measurements were repeated. Serum levels of all hormones remained unchanged for six months after surgery. There was no significant difference between the pre and postoperative resistance index of ovarian arteries

Transvaginal sonography: comparative study of follicular monitoring between different ovarian stimulatory protocols in cases of oligomenorrhoea

The objective of this study was to compare the effects of different ovarian stimulatory protocols on ovulation in infertile women with oligomenorrhea. A total of 100 infertile women was examined by 2D intravaginal sonography and divided into five groups, each included 20 cases, according to the drug used in the induction of ovulation. An evaluation of follicular growing responses was done mainly by five parameters; the number of growing follicles in each ovary, pattern of follicular growth, rate of follicular development, day of maximum follicular growth and the maximum follicular diameter. Regarding the number of induced follicles, group III [clomiphene citrate + HMG] and group IV [HMG] had a significant higher mean number of follicles [6.1 +/- 3.2 and 4.6 +/- 2.9, respectively] compared with the other three groups. The pattern of follicular growth and rate of follicular development were symmetrical and synchronous, respectively, in group I and II and asymmetrical and asynchronous, respectively, in group III, IV and V

Study of shoulder injuries in athletes

227 male players sharing in different types of sports were examined as regards the shoulder girdle region, the types of injuries and duration of sport participation. It was found that the incidence of shoulder injuries in all players examined was [22.47%] and shoulder affection was common among weight lifters and wrestlers. It was also found that the commonest injuries encountered frequently among players were, respectively, rotator cuff lesion [19.60%], impingement syndrome [15.68%], anterior subluxation of the glenohumeral joint [13.7%], then anterior dislocation, bicipital tendinitis and pectorolis major lesion all had the some percentage [9.80%]