ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Coccidiosis is recognized as the parasitic disease that has the greatest economic impact on poultry production. Modern poultry production is largely dependent upon anticoccidials.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to determine and compare the efficacy of two chemical anticoccidials [Clopidol and Diclazuril] on oocyst shedding and their probable effects on growth performance and feed efficiency of broilers in experimental coccidiosis.
METHODS: One hundred and twenty Ross 308 one day old broilers were randomly assigned into 4 groups: CON+, infected with Eimeria mixed oocysts but not medicated; CON-, not infected and not medicated; CLO, infected and medicated with Clopidol; DIC, infected and medicated with Diclazuril. Chickens in all groups except negative control were inoculated by mixed sporulated oocysts of pathogenic Eimeria at the end of the 3rd week of age. Oocyst shedding was counted using a Mc Master counting chamber. Body weights, body weight gains, and feed conversion ratio were determined on weekly basis.
RESULTS: Obtained results showed that Diclazuril was more effective in reducing oocyst shedding than Clopidol. As expected, mean body weight in the positive control group was lower than other groups. But surprisingly, no significant difference was found between Diclazuril or Clopidol treated birds and positive control group, at the end of the experiment. In comparison of weight gain in different treatment groups except for the 4 and 5th week, no significant difference was found in different groups. In the last week of the experiment, difference in weight gain between groups was not significant. According to feed conversion ratio [FCR] results, anticoccidial supplementation did not have any significant effect on improving FCR.
CONCLUSIONS: It is reported that some anticoccidials reduce feed consumption and feed conversion. It seems that neither of the present synthetic anticoccidials is completely satisfactory in controlling coccidiosis economic losses and new strategies are urgently required.
ABSTRACT
Nowadays, the success of a hospital administration is not only subject to taking care of hospital internal processes but also identifying the hospital concerns about external processes; that is, the social responsibility of hospitals. It seems one of the factors influencing the acceptance of social responsibility is the management style. This study is going to investigate the relationship between management style and social responsibility at Tehran hospitals. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2011. The study population included hospitals and academic medical centers affiliated to Tehran and Shahid Beheshti Universies of Medical Sciences; as well as private hospitals in Tehran [n=94]. Census method was employed for collecting data. Tools for collecting data included two questionnaires related to determining the management style and assessing the social responsibility score of hospitals. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive parameters, independent t-test and Chi-square test using SPSS software version 16. The mean score of social responsibility in the studied hospitals was 3.46. The mean score for marketplace, leadership and internal processes, environmental, workplace, and community policies were 3.69, 3.64, 3.4, 3.38 and 3.22, respectively. There was no significant difference between social responsibility score and type of ownership [P>0.05]. The mean scores of management styles were not significantly different between public and private hospitals [P>0.05]. Social accountability level of the studied hospitals was evaluated as average. To promote the social responsibility level, it is recommended appropriate measures to be taken for the policies of social responsibility, particularly in workplace and society and country policies
ABSTRACT
To investigate of the effects of a poly L-lactic acid [PLLA] nanofiber scaffold on proliferation of frozen-thawed neonate mouse spermatogonial stem cells. Spermatogonial cells were isolated from neonatal 3-6-day-old NMRI mice testes by two steps enzymatic digestion and differential plating. The isolated spermatogonial cells were divided into four culture groups: 1] fresh spermatogonial cells, 2] fresh spermatogonial cells seeded onto PLLA 3] frozen-thawed spermatogonial cells, 4] frozen-thawed spermatogonial cells seeded onto PLLA. Cells in all groups were cultured in DMEM supplemented with 5% FCS and 10 ng/ml GDNF for 3 weeks. Diameter and number of clusters which were determined during the culture and semi-quantitative RT-PCR were carried out at the end of 3rd week for all culture groups. Presence of spermatogonia at the culture was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR] for several important spermatogonial markers [PLZF, Oct4, GFRalpha-1, VASA, ITGA6 and ITGB1]. The significancy of the data was analyzed using Repeated Measures and ANOVA tests. The findings indicated that the viability rate of the fresh cell [control 1 and exprimental 1] and the frozen cells after thawing [control 2 and exprimental 2] were 89.25 +/- 2.2 and 63 +/- 3.56, respectively and the differences were significant [p<0.001]. In vitro culturing of spermatogonial cells on PLLA significantly increased the formation of cell clusters in comparison with those of the control groups [p
ABSTRACT
Background and Purpose: Eyes are among the most sensitive organs to chemical agents especially Sulfur mustard or Hun Distilled. Therapeutic effects of anti-inflammatory drugs have been shown on the decrease of epithelium of corneal injuries after being exposed to sulfur mustard. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the protective effects of topically applied Bethametazone - Diclofenac Na in rabbits
Materials and Methods: In this experimental research, thirty six rabbits were used. Animals were randomly divided into six equal groups [6 rabbits in each group] including control, solution and mustard groups and prophylaxis groups included Betamethasone, Diclofenac Na; Betamethasone-Diclofenac Na were applied before being exposed to the sulfur mustard solution. Animals were kept for 2 weeks and the drugs were used 3 times a day for 2 weeks. Slit-lamp examinations were performed under anesthesia before exposure and subsequently at days 1, 2, 5, 7, and 14 after sulfur mustard exposure by ophthalmologists. At the end of the 14th day, specimens of cornea were obtained for ultrastructural evaluation of corneal epithelium. Statistical analysis was performed by one way analysis of variance [ANOVA] with Tukey's test using SPSS 13 software
Results: No significant differences were found between the control and solvent groups as far as the variables were concerned. Corneal epithelial defect and severe changes in ultrastructure of corneal epithelial surface was found in the sulfur mustard group. Clinically, corneal epithelial defect in prophylactic Diclofenac Na group [4.2 +/- 1.32] decreased significantly when compared to the mustard group [68.7 +/- 8.42] [P=0.034]. Betamethasone-Diclofenac Na group [4.2 +/- 1.17] also decreased significantly when compared to the mustard group [68.7 +/- 8.42] [P=0.031]. The corneal epithelial defect was not seen in prophylactic Betamethasone group. Ultrastructural damage of corneal epithelial surface and their microvillus in Betamethasone group was similar to the control group
Conclusion: Betamethazone is capable of protecting corneal epithelial defect in the eyes of rabbits exposed to sulfur mustard
ABSTRACT
The evaluation of L-Carnitine effect on the testis tissue of mature rats exposed to Cadmium This research was carried out on 30 mature male rats, weighting about 180-240gr. Animals were divided into five groups. The first group [control group] received nothing. The second group [distilled water.0.3rn1] third group [L-Carnitine. 500 mglkg Body Weight] fourth group [Cadmium, lmg-kg B.W] and for the fifth group [L-Carnitine 500 mg/kg B.W and Cadmium 1mg/kg B.W] were injected intraperitoneally for 16 days at an interval of 48h between subsequent treatments. Animals were sacrificed on day 17 after the first treatment. For the evaluation of the sperm count the right cauda epididymis was removed and immidiately imrnei-sede into lOmI of the FIBSS. For the histological evaluation, the right testis was submerged into the 10% formaline. with innnuno-liistocheinical [Ki-67] staining, the number of ccll proliferation in the seminiferous tubes were evaluated, as well as the testicular histology evaluated by the Johosen Score. Following contamination with Cadmium the rats showed decrease in the number of cuda epididyniss sperm the number of cell proliferation and number of spernmtogenic cells in the seminiferous tubes. In addition L-Carnitine caused increase in the number of cuda epididymis sperm, the number of cell proliferation and number of spermatogenic cells in Cadmium induced group. Reasults demonstrated beneficial effects of L-Carnitine treatment in cadmium toxicity on number of cauda epididymis sperm and testicular tissue