In vitro evaluation the effect of 1, 3, 4, thiadiazole new derivatives against

The main therapeutic compounds available against Leishmaniasis disease is pentavalent antimonyfcg compounds i.e. Glucantime and Pentostam. New antileishmanial compound is needed due to the emerge of drug-resistant leishmania agents in recent years. In the present study the antileishmanial activity of new 1, 3, 4 thiadiazole derivatives were evaluated. Promastigote stages of the parasites were cultured in RPM1-1640 containing 10% FBS, 100 lU/ml penicillin and 100 micro g/ml streptomycin. Mouse peritoneal exudate macrophages [MPEM] isolated from the peritoneal cavity of BALB/c mice were used and the macrophages were counted and the cell suspension was adjusted to 5X10[5] cell/ml. Macrophage monolayers in 8-well chamber slides were infected with stationary phase promastigote, at a 5:1 parasite/cell proportion and incubated at 37°C and 5% CO[2]. Serial dilution of thiadiazole compounds and tartar emetic as the control was added to the slide chambers and parasite survival index [PSI] was measured after 5 days. The Thiazolyl blue reduction [MTT test] was used to determine the antileishmanial effect of the compounds on extra celluto forms of the parasite and after 72 h. The CD's were read by 96-well scanner and IC[50] were calculated. Two thiadiazole compounds showed 6-67% antileishmanial activity in 4.6 micro g/ml concentration against intracellular forms of the parasites and also in MTT assay IC[50] of 3.6 -7.6 micro g/ml was determined. Due to high antileishmanial activity of some compounds, further studies on structure and activity of these compounds and new highly active derivatives is expected

prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis in suspected canine reservoirs in southeastern Iran

During the summer of 1994, 126 suspected carnivores including 83 dogs, 32 jackals and 11 foxes were shot in the city of Baft, Kerman province, southeastern Iran. These were examined for leishmaniasis, using six different serological, parasitological and pathological techniques. Comparison of the two serological tests showed that while only two dogs [2.4%]%one homestead with a titer of 1:320 and another stray dog with the titer of 1:160%were positive for the parasite by IFAT, the sera of 21 carnivores [16.7%] including 12 [14.5%] dogs, seven [22%] jackals and two [18%] foxes had optical density values of%0.1 by ELISA. Although it seems that a great difference exists between IFAT and ELISA results, they were in agreement in 86% of all cases. Comparison of the serological tests indicated that the sensitivity and specificity of ELISA are 100% and 85%, respectively. No organisms were observed in the culture media or in the reticulo-endothelial organs of the sacrificed carnivores and golden hamsters except in the pathological specimens of one dog which showed an antibody titer of 1:160 and an optical density of 0.1. The present study indicates that dog is the principal canine reservoir of Leishmania donovani in the study area