[ review study of color therapy]

Introduction: Human life is influenced by colors in several ways. Principles of color design and appropriate use of each color are important elements in providing a suitable environment in health care organizations. This research was aimed to review color therapy and its application in health care organizations such as hospitals

Literature Review: This research was a review study which was aimed to introduce the color therapy and its influence on humans' body and mind. In this study, we used 5 keywords, several search engines and 120 articles and 78 references

Conclusion: Color therapy could be viewed from diverse aspects such as its role in different cultures. Decreasing physical and psychological disorders and its effect on working climate, industry, creativity and in particular medical and hospital settings are just some of the examples of color therapy. Although color therapy has several benefits, it may be injurious, when we could not use color therapy appropriately. Some physicians and psychologists have questioned color therapy and believe that its effect, if any at all, is temporally. However, color therapy, if used as a complement seems to be reasonable to improve patients' mental state in hospitals and medical centers

[Strategic thinking measurement among staff managers of Tehran university of medical science]

Introduction: Strategic thinking plays a very important role in continuing survival and development in today's dynamic and changing environments. Strategic thinking is a tool that helps managers creates development plans and new opportunities. This study aimed to evaluate the compliance of strategic thinking with the elements of Goldman model including conceptual thinking, systematic thinking, clever opportunism, and providence

Methods: The statistical population of this descriptive correlation study consisted of 97 senior managers from Tehran University of Medical Sciences. The dominant thinking of the University was assessed based on Goldman's model of strategic thinking [2005]. A standard questionnaire was used for data collection; SPSS 18 was used for the analysis of the data. Moreover, Cronbach alpha coefficient, one sample t-test, Frequency Table, and Column chart were used

Results: The results confirmed that all components of the model had been implemented in the organization in the following sequence: systematic thinking, conceptual thinking, providence, and clever opportunism

Conclusion: According to the findings, managers adhere to a good level of strategic thinking. Systematic thinking and clever opportunism had the highest and lowest applications, respectively

[Organizational climate of hospitals at Tehran University of Medical Sciences]

Every organization, including a hospital, bears its own climate which needs to be compatible with the needs of the personnel; otherwise, the efficiency of the organization will be diminished. This study was aimed at investigating the organizational climate of the hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences [TUMS]. This was a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study including all general teaching hospitals of TUNIS. The sample of the study consisted of 354 employees of clinical wards, supportive, and paraclinical departments. The instrument of the study was Sussman and Deep's organizational climate questionnaire employed to assess their attitudes towards the organizational climate of the hospitals. Data entry was carried out by Excel software and data analysis was performed by SPSS software using T-test, Anova, and Duncan statistical methods. Less than half of the personnel believed that the organizational climate was favorable. Moreover, there was a significant relationship between organizational climate the three variables of age [p = 0.01], employment status [p = 0.012], and the job type [p = 0.007]. Most of the employees, having showed positive attitude only towards role clarity and organizational communication effectiveness, had negative attitude towards the organizational climate of the hospitals. The administrators of these hospitals, therefore, should take measures to change the climates through establishing efficient reward system, transparent organizational procedures, etc.

Organizational citizenship behavior among Iranian nurses

Organizational Citizenship Behavior [OCB] is defined as "individual behavior that is discretionary, not directly or explicitly recognized by the formal reward system, and that in the aggregate, promotes the effective functioning of organization". OCB, enhance job satisfaction among nursing employees. According to several findings, nurses' OCB have a positive and significant influence on job satisfaction. This research is aimed to study OCB among Iranian nurses. A cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study was conducted among 510 nurses working in 15 teaching hospitals in Tehran, Iran to be selected by stratified random sampling. The respondents were asked to complete Netemeyer's organizational citizenship behavior questionnaire that encompassed four dimensions of OCB including Sportsmanship, Civil Virtue, Conscientiousness, Altruism and selected each item of OCB dimensions and identified their attitudes about OCB items were observed in hospitals of Tehran. The data was analyzed by T-test, ANOVA and Pearson statistical methods. The results of this research showed that most of the nurses who studied in this study, had OCB behaviors. Also, we found that there was significant correlation between Iranian nurses' marriage status, qualifications and gender with sportsmanship, altruism and civic virtue. This research demonstrates the existence of OCB among Iranian nurses that are essential in developing patient - oriented behavior. The results can be used to develop further nursing management strategies for enhancement of OCB. Finally, the present study indicates new possibilities for future researches such as analysis and comparison of OCB between different hospitals and how nursing policy-makers can enhance these behaviors in Iranian hospitals

[Human factors affecting the application of information technology by TUMS middle managers in 2010]

One of the most important reasons why organizations are distinguished from one another is the degree of application and implementation of information technology in their organizational activities. In this regard, individual factors contribute considerably to the application of information technology [IT]. Such factors include employees' perceptions and attitudes towards information technology and their demographic characteristics which affect the level of information technology acceptance and implementation. In this cross-sectional study, 110 middle managers from teaching hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences [TUMS] were chosen. A structured questionnaire was used as the data collection device and its validity and reliability were confirmed by a pilot study. Of the participants, 62.9% were males and 37.1% were females. The findings show that there is a statistically significant relationship between perception and making decisions based on the implementation of information technology. However, there was no significant relationship between work experience, education and training on the one hand and IT implementation on the other. The results show that human factors [perception and decision] have a considerable impact on the implementation of information technology. Top managers and experts should consider the important aspects of human factors and also the factors affecting them

[ efficiency analysis of medical records departments of Tehran university of medical sciences hospitals with data envelopment analysis [2007-2009]]

Analysis of efficiency in hospitals, as the most expensive operating unit of the health system, is very important. This costly unit has several departments that one of them is medical records. This study is trying to analyze the efficiency of medical records department for the enhancement of using medical records facilities. In this study, technical, scale and managerial efficiency of medical records department has been studied by data envelopment analysis method, and assuming the scale efficiency variable and the input axis. Information used in this study was the input variables [number of technician personnel and lower and Master of Science personnel and higher], output variables [number of emergency and outpatient and inpatient medical records and the number of filing unit visitors to respond] during 2007-2009. The average technical efficiency of medical records departments is 84 percent, that indicates there is at least 16 percent capacity for an increase in performance. Average of management and scale Performance in units during the 3 years of study are 95 and 89 percent respectively. Most input surplus is relevant to technician and lower personnel. The average performance of these units in general hospitals is 80 percent and in specialized activities is 92 percent. Relationship between studied indicators in this study with performance medical records departments showed that using such as employee personnel with undergraduate degrees and higher and educated in medical records filed, the use of managers with enough experience in this department and more use of computer systems for unit activities can fill 16 percent capacity of performance improvement in these units

[ survey of clinical informations system process in general hospitals of Tehran university of medical sciences]

The benefits of a unique computerized medical records and communication equipments is utilized to collect, storage, process, extract and relate to patient care information and management information. If this utilization is in accordance with the needs of managers and staff of medical records, many of the nation's health system problems will be dissolved. Information systems in health supply system by compiling, analyzing and publishing data provide utilization of information improve the health of the society. The purpose of this study is to investigate the process of clinical information systems in general hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences based on available clinical information system in these hospitals. This descriptive study is an application study that conducted in order to determine the process of clinical information system in general hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences based on available clinical information in these hospitals. The required data have been collected by a valid and reliable questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze data. With regard to the current condition and the importance of survey of the process of clinical information system in the studied hospitals, the authors provided the desired checklist in general hospitals with studying the related system in America, Australia and England countries, on the basis of country requirements in the form of clinical information system processes. We studied clinical information system processes in departments of admission, filling and retrieving, statistical and coding and also soft wares in this department. It is necessary to create a coordinated and integrated clinical information system with suitable process and empower experts in the field of proper use of data with regard to the position of information system in each organization and its fundamental role in the adoption of accurate policies. We found that relative frequency of clinical information system processes is more than 60% in this department and clinical information system elements was observed 75% in all the departments except admission

[ comparison between present with desired organizational culture in Tehran university of medical sciences' hospitals]

The study of organizational culture as a managerial tools, is necessary in health care organizations. Hospital administrators should compare present with desired hospitals' organizational culture continuously. This research is aimed to compare the present with desired organizational culture as administrators' view in Tehran University of Medical Sciences' Hospitals. A Cross - Sectional' descriptive and analytical study was conducted among 15 Tehran University of Medical Sciences' Hospitals administrators by a questionnaire including demographic information and 30 questions which determined the approach of TUMS hospitals administrators about current and appropriate organizational culture components. Before the main study, validity and reliability of the questionnaire was performed. The data was collected by SPSS version 15 software and analyzed by Chi-square, Pearson and T tests. The result of this study showed that leadership was the most and control was the least organizational culture components which observed in present condition. As TUMS hospital administrators' view, all of the hospitals organizational culture components, exception control and communication patterns, are not observed in current status. There is a significant difference between current and appropriate hospital organizational culture components as the administrator's view which impressed on the hospital management system. Therefore, the hospitals administrators are required to do strategic planning to optimize the hospitals organizational cultures

[Self-citation status of Iranian prolific authors in the field of medicine and its impact on the Hirsch index in web of science database]

Using Hirsch index as an important tool to describe the scientific outputs of researchers has caused some authors to increase their self-imposed parameters, increase, citing themselves. Therefore it is necessary to consider the effect of self-citation on Hirsch index for every author to have better measuring on the quality of researchers scientific production. This research is descriptive method of citation analysis in general and specifically self-citation analysis. The study, are Iranian prolific authors in the field of medicine that have at least 30 documents indexed in Web of Science database between 2004 to 2006. Citations following up was studied till December 2010 Results was analysis using Excel software version 2007. The average self-citation observed between prolific authors in medical field was 25/89 percent. Hirsch index for 30/77 percent of authors had changed considerably. The authors rating scheme based on Hirsch index was done after removing self - citation so that 38/46 percent of authors decreased to lower level. Considering that 10 to 30 percent of self-citation can be normal and justified, the status of self-citatin of Iranian prolific authors in medical field is desirable. Also, lower rates of self - citation of these authors does not affect Hirsch index

[Criteria assessment of a expert teacher for effective teaching]

Identifying criteria of expert teacher and efforts to strengthen and use them in teaching by teachers will enhance the learning process. In this way, one of the important methods is taking the views of students. This study was conducted to determine the characteristics of an expert teacher for effective teaching from the viewpoints of allied medical students at Tehran University of Medical Science. In this cross-sectional study, 200 BSc of allied medical students at were included employing simple random sampling method. Data collection was done employing a self administrated questionnaire. Validity and reliability of questionnaire was calculated. Data analysis was carried out by t-test and SPSS software. Some criterias like dominance in the scientific subjects [86.8%], power of expression and transmission the training materials [86.2%], respect for students[85.6%], good mood[85%] and work with ethic and sense of responsibility [84.4%] are important criteria for expert teacher. Furthermore, no significant relationship was found between gender and field of study and the above-mentioned four domains [p> 0/05]. Teaching ability was the most important factor for teaching process from he view of the students which could be paid attention in teachers' assessment program

Hospital pharmacy quality assurance system assessment in Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran

Health system pharmacies, like other health care professional, practice under a number of mandated standards. Basic concepts of quality assurance [QA] standards should be applied to hospital pharmacy practice. The survey reported here is to assess QA system implementation and its standard indicators observation in Tehran University of Medical Sciences [TUMS] hospitals' pharmacies in 2007-2008. A cross - sectional, descriptive analytical survey was accomplished. First, a checklist within the framework of QA standard indicators was made to assess TUMS hospitals pharmacies practice. Collected data was saved by Excel soft-ware for recording and analyzed by SPSS version-15. Observation rate of QA standard indicators was classified by inappropriate, relatively appropriate, and appropriate. Characteristics of TUMS hospitals pharmacists organizational structure, size, equipment, safety facility and drug requirement were studied by QA standard indicators. Many of QA standard indicators are observed and implemented in TUMS hospitals pharmacies, but several of these standards are not observed too. It is appropriate that all TUMS hospitals pharmacies are required to advance the profession, often with the same goal of increasing involvement in direct patient care

[Health enterprise management]

Recent advances in technology and rapid changing sciences, has faced health care systems, especially in developing countries with new challenges. In these circumstances health care organizations should search for new methods of adaptation with environmental changes in order to decrease costs and improve health care efficiency and quality. Passing this period needs finding and implementing creative approaches, like enterpreneurship. Health enterprise may be applied in individual, organizational and group dimensions. Therefore, health care organizations should use entrepreneurship strategies and support enterpreneurs. In this article entrepreneurship in three above mentioned dimensions are discussed

approach model for employees' improving quality of work life [IQWL]

Organizational features can affect how employers view on their QWL is an important consideration for employees interested in improving employees' job satisfaction. The research reported here aimed to provide the processes used to investigate and implement a pathway for TUMS Employees Improving of Quality of Work Life as an approach model. A Quality of Work Life Strategic Planning Committee was formed to focus on enhancing TUMS employees' quality of work life. In the next step 30 QWL teams consisting of managers and employees were conducted in each of 15 as all of TUMS Hospitals. Committee members identified similar key themes of dissatisfaction. Based on the key themes identified, a survey was developed by QWL Strategic Planning by the questionnaires which distributed to 942 employees and 755 of them were returned. The collected data were saved by SPSS software and analyzed by statistical method. The results from the survey showed that the perceived strongest areas among 12 categories developed by QWL Strategic Planning Committee that employees agreed to improve on their QWL were communication, leadership monetary an non- monetary compensation and support. This committee evaluated the outcomes of QWL managers and employees teams to improve the employees, quality of work life at 15 TUMS Hospitals. The QWL Strategic Planning Committee recommend a new approach model to suggest the ways which impressive on the employees' improving QWL

[Quality of work life in nursing employees of Tehran University of Medical Sciences Hospitals]

Administrators have to pay attention to nurses as an important group among hospitals employees in order to have better patient outcomes. Recently, nurses' quality of work life is a new concept that attention to it can improve organizational efficiency. This research is to investigate the quality of work life of nurses at Tehran University of Medical Sciences Hospitals in 2005-2006. This is a cross-sectional study. The research was conducted among 349 nursing employees. Data were gathered using a questionnaire consisted of 30 elements of QWL. The respondents were asked to determine their overall quality of work life. Validity of the questionnaire was evaluated using content validity and reliability was determined using test-retest method. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS statistical software package. The results showed that the majority of nurses were dissatisfied with environmental health and safety at work, monetary compensation and job welfare. There was significant correlation between the executive position of nurses, years of experience and their salary [P<0.05]. The study findings showed that nurses had a poor quality of work life. This indicates that majority of employees are unsatisfied with the most aspects of their quality of work life

Study of quality of work life [QWL]

A high quality of work life [QWL] is essential for organizations to continue to attract and retain employees. QWL is a com-prehensive program designated to improve employee satisfaction. This research aimed to provide insights into the positive and negative attitudes of Tehran University of Medical Sciences [TUMS] Hospitals' employees from their quality of life. A cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study was conducted among 908 TUMS hospitals' employees by questionnaire at 15 studied hospitals. A stratified random sampling technique was used to select respondents as nursing, supportive and paramedical groups. The results showed that the majority of employees were dissatisfied with occupational health and safety, intermediate and senior managers, their income, balance between the time they spent working and with family and also indicated that their work was not interesting and satisfying. TUMS hospitals' employees responding to this survey have a poor quality of work life. We suggest more training and educations for TUMS hospitals' managers on QWL issues are planned

[ application of management's new theories in nursing care]

This paper investigate the application of some management's new theories in nursing care in order to determine the similarities between management and nursing. The need of Health Services to be effectively managed was a prominent features of developed countries health policy in the 1980 s and early 1990. In the recent years, four management's new theories has identified: organizational excellence, total quality management, organizational culture and empowerment. Each of these new theories has key role in nursing care. This paper identifies similarities and convergences between management profession with nursing care, using application of management's new theories. The comparison between nursing care and management's new theories has been provided the collaboration and cooperation between nurses and management professions to deliver health care services to patients effectively

[Job satisfaction of midwives]

Job satisfaction of midwives, as key members of healthcare system, has special importance in the quality of midwifery care to the vulnerable groups of the society i.e. mothers and children. This is a survey and cross sectional study. Sampling size was 251 midwives, which were chosen through cluster sampling. Data were gathered by questionnaire in one stage and were analyzed by SPSS software, using descriptive and analytic [[2], Pearson correlation] statistical methods. Results: of this research demonstrated that satisfaction level of midwives in two aspects of job position [62.9%] and relationship with colleagues [48.2%] was moderate. It was low in the aspects of salary and benefits [92.8%], job security [69.7%], managerial policies and work condition [64.9%], supervisory [48.6%] and relationship with personal life [49.8%]. There was a significant relationship and correlation between job satisfaction and all of its aspects, strongest with the aspect of managerial policies [r=0.87] and weakest with the relationship with colleagues [r=0.547]. There was no significant relationship between job satisfaction and demographic characteristics such as age, academic degree, marital status, the number of children and monthly salary but there was a significant relationship between job satisfaction and the condition of house ownership, the years of job experience, the condition of employment, the place of work, work shift and whether they liked midwifery when they chose it [p<0.05]. Half of midwives [49.4%] had moderate job satisfaction, 49% had low and only 1.6% had high job satisfaction. Considering the results of this research, it can be concluded that the authorities must take efficient measures to omit the most important causes of low job satisfaction through increasing salaries and benefits, promoting job security, improving work condition, reformation of managerial and supervisory systems and using midwives' professional ability in areas of their skills

[Use of Disaster Management Computerized Simulation System in a teaching hospital of Tehran University of Medical Sciences]

Introduction: with a dramatic increase in costly mass casualty incidents over the past few decades, disaster planning and preparedness now represent a prominent part of health care policy and practice. Administration of computer technologies, including computerized simulation techniques, in hospitals can improve management of future incidents

Materials and Methods: in this research, we used SIMAN/ARENA software of disaster management in one of the teaching hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Data about the patient's need for specific surgeries, possibility of re-operation, length of operations and necessary equipment's including number of operating rooms and staff, imaging facilities and treatment stations in emergency department were collected. Two teams took part in this program: a simulation team and the hospital staff team. Both teams were trained before taking part in this study

Results: with the help of simulation system, the simulation team created various preplanned "events" and simulated in and out hospital situations. Hospital staff team reacted to these situations and was able to recognize and solve various problems in different critical points in hospital by using different tactical means

Conclusion: simulation technique used in this limited scale drill was useful in evaluating and improving preparedness of hospitals for managing a multi-casualty incident. The current system can be used in all hospitals in Iran to improve preparedness for receiving victims of a multi-casualty incident