causes for lack of interest to blood donation in eligible individuals, Mashhad, northeastern Iran

Donor recruitment and retention are significant problems in blood collection agencies around the world. The Aim of this study was to determine the causes of lack of interest to blood donation in eligible individuals in Mashhad, Northeast of Iran. This was a descriptive study. Cases were 1130 non-donor individuals. Participants were selected from eligible individuals in different regions of Mashhad. In this study, surveys included information about age groups, gender, residence area, marriage, education; living situation and job as background variables. Less than 30% of the cases had enough knowledge about blood donation. There was a significant relationship between location, age, education, occupation and social status with knowledge of blood donation, but there was not a correlation between gender and marital status. There are some factors which affect the decision for blood donation. There is a need to change the negative attitude by increasing the knowledge considering the individual and the social status

Spontaneous and active pushing in second stage labor and fetal outcome in primiparous women

Active pushing in second stage labor is acceptable, despite its complications for fetus and it has been noticed by midwifes and obstetricians. Recent studies have shown that spontaneous pushing decreases fetal acidosis. So, the objective of this study was to assess the effect of spontaneous and active pushing in second stage labor on fetal outcome in primiparous women. This clinical trial study was done on 108 primiparous women with uncomplicated labor that based on fliess table randomly assigned to spontaneous and active groups. In spontaneous group used her own urge to push and in active groups encouraged to take a deep breath, hold it and push for ten numbers. After delivery, cord arterial blood PH value and Apgar score [1 min and 5min] were measured. The results of this study showed that arterial cord PH was higher in the spontaneous pushing versus active pushing [p<0.001]. Apgar score [1min and 5min] had no significant difference between two groups. There was significant correlation between Apgar score [1min and 5min] and arterial umbilical pH [p=0.028, p=0.019]. Spontaneous pushing decreases fetal acidosis so it can be effective, healthy, and cheap method for improving neonatal outcome