ABSTRACT
The present study aimed to evaluate the balance between training and demand for radiologists in the Iranian health care system between 2008 and 2027. A total number of 250 clusters were randomly selected from urban and rural areas of Iran, of which 168 were selected from urban areas and 82 were selected from rural areas. In order to collect basic medical data and to determine the number of radiology visits in the last two weeks, questionnaires were prepared and sent out to the subjects' houses. Information on the number of radiologists as well as statistics on the Iran's population were provided by the Medical Council of the Islamic Republic of Iran [IRI] and the Statistics Center of IRI, respectively. Radiologists were visited 245 times during a two-week time period, which resulted in an average referral to radiologists of 0.125 for each individual. Our results indicated a slight shortage of radiologists in 2008, which is expected to disappear till 2023. Afterwards, the training of radiologists is expected to slightly surpass the demands. Results from the present study suggested that an overall balance between training and demand for radiologists in Iran is likely to happen in near future
ABSTRACT
The Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran, along with the country movement towards achievements of Iran's Vision 2025 put compilation of the health system reform plan on its agenda. In this article, we are trying to show the method we used for developing this plan and how this method considered the general condition of the country along with maintaining the standards of scientific and technical programs. All steps of this planning are described in the paper and finally we discuss the techniques and the appropriateness of the method compare with the experience of the other countries
ABSTRACT
Vast changes in disease features and risk factors and influence of demographic, economical, and social trends on health system, makes formulating a long term evolutionary plan, unavoidable. In this regard, to determine health system vision in a long term horizon is a primary stage. After narrative and purposeful review of documentaries, major themes of vision statement were determined and its context was organized in a work group consist of selected managers and experts of health system. Final content of the statement was prepared after several sessions of group discussions and receiving ideas of policy makers and experts of health system. Vision statement in evolutionary plan of health system is considered to be: "a progressive community in the course of human prosperity which has attained to a developed level of health standards in the light of the most efficient and equitable health system in visionary region[1] and with the regarding to health in all policies, accountability and innovation". An explanatory context was compiled either to create a complete image of the vision. Social values and leaders' strategic goals, and also main orientations are generally mentioned in vision statement. In this statement prosperity and justice are considered as major values and ideals in society of Iran; development and excellence in the region as leaders' strategic goals; and also considering efficiency and equality, health in all policies, and accountability and innovation as main orientations of health system
ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to determine the impact of important social and technological trends on health care delivery, in the context of developing "Iran's Health System Reform Plan by 2025". A detailed review of the national and international literature was done to identify the main trends affecting health system. To collect the experts' opinions about important trends and their impact on health care delivery, Focus Group Discussions [FGDs] and semi-structured in-depth interviews techniques were used. The study was based on the STEEP model. Final results were approved in an expert's panel session. The important social and technological trends, affecting health system in Iran in the next 15 years are demographic transition, epidemiologic transition, increasing bio-environmental pollution, increasing slums, increasing private sector partnership in health care delivery, moving toward knowledge-based society, development of information and communication technology, increasing use of high technologies in health system, and development of traditional and alternative medicine. The opportunities and threats resulting from the above mentioned trends were also assessed in this study. Increasing healthcare cost due tosome trends like demographic and epidemiologic transition and uncontrolled increase in using new technologies in health care is one of the most important threats that the health system will be facing. The opportunities that advancement in technology and moving toward knowledge-based society create are important and should not be ignored
ABSTRACT
The telemedicine technology has an interaction with many sciences and technologies. It has also much economical and social effect on society components. In order to have sustainable development and balanced use of technology, there should be attention on the orientation and the "Iran's 20 -year vision plan" objectives and the "Ministry of Health and medical education" goals. The aim of this study is to assess the effect of such technology on Iran's 20 -year vision plan objectives and "Ministry of Health and medical education goals from the view points of the experts. The method of this research was a descriptive survey. The data collection was done by the help of a library, document study and questionnaires including 2 parts about the effects of using telemedicine technology on "Iran's 20 -year vision plan" objectives and "Ministry of Health and medical education" goals. In this research, the sampling method was used. To analyze the data, the SPSS was used. The most capability of telemedicine in helping the government for realizing the objectives of "Iran's 20 -year vision plan" was in equity and social welfare, and the most capability of this technology in helping the health system is in providing a better access to health services. Telemedicine technology is effective and impoliant for both "Iran's 20 -year vision plan" objectives and "Ministry of Health and medical education" goals. The Demands of government and Ministry of Health and Medical Education from telemedicine technology should be based on equity and social welfare and providing a better access to health services
ABSTRACT
Effect of vitamins E and C on bull's sperm during refrigeration was studied. Semen was collected from a healthy bull and diluted with an extender to 20 x 10[6]/ ml. The extended semen was divided into 3 equal parts and each one received either vitamin E [T[1] = 40 micro g/ml], vitamin C [t[2] = 200 micro g/ml] or neither one [T[3] = 0]. eight samples [ependorf = 1 ml] from each treatment were made and placed in refrigerator [5 C] for four days. The treatments were evaluated during 4 days according to: E[1], C[1]=24, E[2], C[1] = 48, E[3], C[3] = 72 and E[4], C[4] = 96 hours. Every day 2 samples from each treatment were selected randomly and evaluated for PH, %SNM, FSC, SMI, MSC, %PSM and TSC. The control treatment was measured in the first day and the C[4] treatment due to death of sperms was not evaluated. The level of pH for E[1] treatment significantly increased when compared to control group. Number of nomal sperm in treatments E[1]. E[2] and C[1] were increased when compared to control group [p< 0.01]. Also, treatment E[1], E[2] and C[1] were showed significantly increase for FSC when compared to control group where as E[4], C[2] and C[3] were reduced [p< 0.01]. The percent SMI in E[1], E[2] and C[1] treatments was increased significantly in comparsion to control group while E3 and C[2] treatments didn't differ but E[4] and C[3] treatments were shon reduction [p< 0.01]. The amount of MSC in E[1], E[2] and C[1] treatments were increased significantly when compared to control group but E[3], E[4] and C[2] treatments didn't differ; however the C[3] showed significantly decrease [p< 0.01]. The percent PSM in E[1], E[2] and C[1] treatment were increased in comparsion to control group [p< 0.01], where as the E[3], E[4] and C[2] had no differences but the C[3] showed significantly decrease. The sperm concentration in E[1], E[2] and C[1] treatments were increased significantly in comparsion to control group but the E[3], E[4] and C[2] treatments did not differ. The resultes of this study showed that adding vitamin E [40 micro g/ml] or vitamin C [200 micro g/ml] to semen may prevent sperm membrane destruction at least for 48 or 24 hours during refrigeration receptively, thus the quality of sperm will improve