Decontamination of hexavalent chromium and tri-ethyl phosphate stimulants through photacatalytic oxidation

In this paper, the photocatalytic decontamination of hexavalent chromium and tri-ethyl phosphate, two important wastewater contaminants, are studied by the ultraviolet / titanium dioxide process. The pH value and synergic effect between the oxidation of tri-ethyl phosphate and the reduction of hexavalent chromium were investigated in different concentrations of tri-ethyl phosphate and hexavalent chromium. Furthermore, the effects of ultraviolet and TiO2 were investigated in a solution which contained tri-ethyl phosphate and hexavalent chromium. Results of adsorptions showed that hexavalent chromium was adsorbed better in acidic pH while the better adsorption for tri-ethyl phosphate was occurred in alkalinity pH. The reduction rate of hexavalent chromium was higher in acidic solutions while it was obtained at natural pH for tri-ethyl phosphate. In co-adsorption of hexavalent chromium and tri-ethyl phosphate pollutants, tri-ethyl phosphate slightly increased adsorption of hexavalent chromium, but hexavalent chromium had no influence on the adsorption of tri-ethyl phosphate on titanium dioxide particles. In contrast, tri-ethyl phosphate has an improving effect on the reduction reaction rate of hexavalent chromium which increases with the interaction of the concentration of tri-ethyl phosphate in mixture. The same is true for the oxidation rate of tri-ethyl phosphate

Neonatal seizures; a review

The occurrence of neonatal seizures may be the first and perhaps, the only clinical sign of a central nervous system [CNS] disorder in the newborn infant. Identifying the etiology for the neonatal seizures is/critical to prognosis and treatment. The most common etiology for neonatal seizures is hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Seizures may indicate the presence of a potentially treatable etiology and should prompt an immediate evaluation to determine the precise cause and institute etiology-specific therapy. In this review article, we will discuss the etiology, classification, clinical features, diagnosis and the approaches to treatment of neonatal seizures

Effect of early bathing on temperature of normal newborn infants

Nowadays there is a strong tendency for early bathing of healthy newborns but little is known about the thermal stability of newborns in response to early bathing. The aim of this study was to compare the thermal effect of bathing on healthy newborn within 1-2 h of life versus 4-6 h after birth. In this randomized comparative study 100 healthy newborns in a newborn nursery of a charity hospital in Tehran were studied. The inclusion criteria were: healthy term [>/= 37 wk] newborn over 2500 grams with rectal temperature > 36.5 °C, apgar score > 7 in 1 and 5 min after birth and lack of manifestations of any diseases like sepsis or respiratory distress syndrome .The exclusion criteria were the history of recent fever, leukocytosis, urinary tract infections and using medicines in their mothers. In the experimental group, 50 newborns were bathed within the first 1-2 h of birth; those in control group were bathed at the 4-6 h of age. Rectal temperatures were measured in four different times: before bathing and immediately as well as 30 and 60 min after bathing. Rectal temperatures as measured at four different times did not differ significantly between infants bathed within 1-2 h of birth and those bathed 4-6 h after birth .There were no significant differences between the groups in types of gender, birth weight, gestational age, parity, delivery route, interval time between rupture of membranes and delivery, apgar scores at 1 and 5 min of age. Healthy full term newborns with rectal temperature > 36.5 °C can be bathed within 1-2 h of birth without any risk of hypothermia

Analgesic effect of codeine plus bromocriptine during simple teeth extraction and minor oral soft tissue surgery

Objective-In this study, the effect of codeine alone and in combination with D2 dopamine agonist bromocriptine in pain sensation during simple tooth extraction or minor oral soft tissue surgery has been examined. Method-Patients [121 male and 91 female] who were undergoing one of the above procedures, were included in this double-blind study. They were given randomly one of the following medications: Codeine [10-20 mg], bromocriptine [2.5-5 mg] in different combinations controlled by a placebo and a dental lidocaine cartridge group. The medication was given 20 minutes before the procedure and the patients subsequently recorded their pain intensity on a scale of 0-3. Results-ANOVA showed significant difference between placebo group and cases who received the combination of bromocriptine and codeine [with certain dosages], but the analgesic effect was significantly lower than the lidocaine group [p<0.05]. Discussion-Patients who received bromocriptine 5 mg plus codeine [10 or 20 mg] had a better effective response than those receiving either of the components alone or placebo. It appears that D2 activation potentiates the response induced by the opioid agonist codeine

Congental fusion of maxilla and mandible. A case report

Congenital bony fusion of the jaws [syngnathia] without any other anatomic oral anomalies is a very rare condition. Numerous cases with combination of cleft palate, aglossia, and soft or bony adhesion between the maxilla and mandible have been reported. Syngnathia could also occur with popliteal pterygium syndrome and van der Woude syndrome. This report presents a case of syngnathia with bilateral maxillo-mandibular inter-alveolar adhesion, unusually with no other intra-oral anomalies